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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 권제 호 8 중등도이상의심낭삼출환자에서임상상및장기예후 대구파티마병원순환기내과 김대영 박진홍 신재대 김봉수 이현직 김재훈 장희상 강현재 이봉렬 정병천 Long-term follow-up results and clinical manifestations of patients with a moderate to large amount of pericardial effusion Dae Young Kim, M.D., Jin Hong Park, M.D., Jae Dae Shin, M.D., Bong Soo Kim, M.D., Hyun Jik Lee, M.D., Jae Hoon Kim, M.D., Hee Sang Jang, M.D., Hyun Jae Kang, M.D., Bong-Ryeol Lee, M.D. and Byung-Chun Jung, M.D. Department of Cardiology, Fatima General Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background/Aims : Pericardial effusion (PE), which is more than a moderate amount, is usually accompanied with various underlying illnesses. However, there have been few reports on the long-term follow-up results of these cases, and even in the studies where the etiologies were well presented. Methods : 6 consecutive patients (mean age: 66. years, males) with more than a moderate amount of PE, as confirmed by echocardiography, were analyzed for pericardial fluid and this was diagnosed according to ESC Executive Summary. The mean follow-up duration was.9±.8 years and the final survival was assessed in November, 6. Results : The etiologies were composed of malignancy-related PE (MRPE: 9.%), tuberculosis pericarditis (.6%), idiopathic pericarditis (8.8%), hypothyroidism (.8%), and miscellaneous (.%). Mortality occurred in cases (.8%), of which cases were attributed to MRPE. In all patients, the mean survival duration was ±.9 days after diagnosis, and the mean survival duration was ±. days after pericardiocentesis. Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis and recurrent pericarditis were presented in cases (.%), 9 cases (.%) and cases (.%) respectively. The chemistry findings of PE were of no use to differentiate the etiologies. Conclusion : Pericardial effusion of more than a moderate amount often manifested urgent symptoms such as cardiac tamponade and intractable dyspnea, and these conditions require therapeutic pericardiocentesis more frequently than diagnostic tests. The prognosis is usually subordinate to the progression of the underlying illness, and especially in case of MRPE. The occurrence of constrictive pericarditis should be monitored carefully. (Korean J Med :-6, 8) Key Words : Pericardial effusion; Etiology; Long-term follow-up 서론심낭삼출 (pericardial effusion) 은심초음파검사를이용할경우약 8~% 정도에서관찰되며, 이중상당수는우연히 발견되는것으로알려져있다 ). 이중증상이뚜렷하지않고, 양이적은경우는특이적치료없이도대부분관해가되는양호한임상경과를보이는것으로되어있으나 -), 심낭삼출의정도가중등도이상이거나전신증상및혈역학적증 Received :.. Accepted :. 6. Correspondence to : Byung-Chun Jung, M.D., Department of Cardiology, Fatima General Hospital, 6- Shinam-dong, Daegu -, Korea augustjbc@yahoo.co.kr - -

2 - Dae Young Kim, et al : Long-term follow-up results of moderate pericardial effusion - Table. Demographic findings and underlying diseases of the patients with pericardial effusion Parameters Etiology Total (n=6) Miscellaneous (n=) Malignancy (n=9) Subgroup Tuberculosis (n=6) Idiopathic (n=) p Age (year) 66.±. 66.±. 6.± ±. 69.±. Gender (M/F) / / /9 / / - Underlying disease Malignancy * (6.9%) 8 (.9%) (.9%) (6.%) (.%) <. Old tuberculosis CHF Liver cirrhosis CRF Aortic dissection CTD CHF, congestive heart failure; CRF, chronic renal failure; CTD, connective disease;, not significant * : means malignancy has already been diagnosed before the detection of pericardial effusion. Statistic analyses were performed among the subgroups, which were malignancy-related, tuberculous and idiopathic PE. p: Age was analyzed by ANOVA test. The other parameters were analyzed by chi-squre tests. 상이있는경우에는다양한기저질환을동반하고, 심낭천자 (pericardiocentesis) 와같은침습적인수기를요하는경우가많은것으로알려져있다, ). 중등도이상인심낭삼출의원인으로는악성종양과원인미상인경우가흔하며 6, ), 국내에서는결핵도주요한원인으로알려져있다 8). 그러나경우에따라심낭삼출의원인진단은어려워초기에확진되는경우보다는임상경과나치료결과에따른잠정적진단 (tentative diagnosis) 에의존하는경우가적지않다. 이에저자들은중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는환자를대상으로하여그원인질환과이에따른천자와생검 (pericardial biopsy) 소견및심낭삼출의특성을관찰하고치료결과및장기적임상경과를파악하고자본연구를시행하였다. 대상및방법. 대상본연구는 년 월부터 6년 6월까지본원에내원하여임상증상, 흉부 X-선검사와심전도소견등에서심낭삼출이의심되어시행한심초음파검사상중등도이상의심낭삼출소견을보인 6명의환자를대상으로하였다. 내원당시환자의기저질환 (underlying illness) 은악성종양이 8예 (.%), 진구성폐결핵이 예 (.%), 심부전이 예 (.9%) 였고, 간경화, 만성신부전, 대동맥박리및결체조직질환등이각각 예였고, 나머지 명의환자는심낭삼출을유발할만한뚜렷한기저질환이없었다 ( 표 ).. 방법문진및이학적검사후심전도, 흉부 X-선촬영, 갑상선기능검사등을포함한기본적인혈액검사와심초음파검사를시행하였다. 심낭액의양은흉골연장축단면도 (parasternal long axis view) 나심첨도 (apical view) 에서확장기말에측정하여, 좌심실후벽이나우심실전벽의심외막과심낭사이의거리가 mm 이상인경우중등도이상의심낭삼출로분류하였으며 ), 심낭액의분포가한곳에치우쳐있는경우를국소성 (localized) 으로간주하였다. 심낭천자는심초음파를이용하여흉골하연에서시행하였으며, 심낭조직검사는원인이애매하거나, 심낭천자가곤란한국소성심낭삼출인경우에순응도가높은환자를대상으로시행하였으며, 교착성심낭염 (constrictive pericarditis) 이의심되는경우에는심낭절개술 (pericardiostomy) 을병행하여시행하였다. 삼출액 (exudate) 은총단백질농도가. g/dl 이상이면서, 심낭액 / 혈청단백질비가.이상이거나심낭액 / 혈청유산탈수소효소 (LDH) 비가.6이상인경우로하였고, 그외는여출액 (transudate) 으로분류하였다. 혈성은적혈구수가,/mm 이상인경우로하였다. 그리고 6년 월에환자의생존유 - -

3 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 권제 호통권제 호 8 - Table. Chemistry findings of patients with pericardial effusion Parameters Etiology LDHp LDHs LDH (p/s) TPp TPs TP (p/s) Glucose (mg/dl) ESR CRP Pro BNP D-Dimer Total (n=6) 8±6 9±6..±.8.±..8±..8±. 9±6..±8..±.9 8±9 ±9 Miscellaneous (n=) 6±. ±..±.68.±.9.9±.8.88±.6 ±.9.±.9.± Malignancy (n=9) 98±9. 68±6. #.9±. #.6±..6±..8±.6 8±6..±.8 6.±.8 ± 69±8 Subgroup Tuberculosis (n=6) 89±. ±8..9±.8.8±..9±.6.8±.96 ±. 6.9±..±. 6±6 ±9 Idiopathic (n=) 98±9. * ±6..±..6 *.9±..9±.8.±. ±. # 8.8±8.8 *.±.6 * ± ±6 * ANOVA p, pericardial fluid; s, serum; (p/s), ratio between pericardial and serum level; TP, total protein # : means that the value is significantly high compared with the others * : means that the value is significantly low compared with the others. The miscellaneous subgroup is not included in the statistical analysis because of the various etiologies. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. 무를추적확인하였다. 심낭삼출의원인은 년 ESC (Eeuropean Society of Cardiology) 지침을준용하여 ), 임상양상및진찰소견과혈액검사결과와심낭액의생화학검사및세포진검사나생검결과를고려하여결정하였다.. 통계처리모든수치는평균 ± 표준편차로표시하였다. 결과는 SPSS version.k를이용하여, 카이제곱검정과아노바 (ANOVA) 검증을하였으며, Kaplan-Meier method (Log-Rank) 검증을이용해원인별예후를평가하였다. p는.이하를유의수준으로하였다. 결과. 임상양상및원인대상환자의연령분포는 세에서 9세, 평균연령은 66.±.세였고, 성별은남자 예 (.9%) 와여자 예 (6.%) 였으며, 대가 예로가장많았다 ( 표 ). 내원당시주증상은호흡곤란이 예 (6.%), 흉부통증이 6예 (.%) 였으며, 뚜렷한증상이없는경우도 예가있었다. 증상의기간은 일에서 일로비교적다양하였으며, 평균.8±.일이었다. 심전도소견은사지유도에서 mv이하의저전위가 예 (6.8%) 로가장많았고, 동성빈맥이 예 (.%), 심방세동이 예 (.8%) 였으며, 특이한소견이없는경우도 예가있었고, 저전위는아니었지만천자후뚜렷이전위가증가하는경우가 예있었다. 심낭삼출의원인으로는전체 6예중악성이의심되었던경우가 9예 (9.%), 결핵성심낭염이 6예 (.6%), 특발성심낭염 (idiopathic pericarditis) 이 예 (8.8%) 였고, 기타원인으로갑상선기능저하와동반된경우가 예 (.8%), 대동맥박리나결체조직질환과관련된경우가각각 예 (.%) 였다 ( 표 ).. 심낭액및혈액의생화학적분석심낭액의성상은삼출액소견을보인경우가 6예, 여출액소견을보인경우가 예였으며, 배액량은평균 66±.6 ml였다. 악성이의심되는경우에혈청 LDH 및심낭액 / 혈청 LDH비가높게나왔으며, 총단백질농도는서로유의한차이가없었다. 포도당치는악성이의심되거나결핵성인경우특발성에의한경우보다유의하게낮았으며, 혈청 ESR치및 CRP치는유의하게높았다. Pro-BNP 치와 D-dimer 치는세군모두에서정상치보다높았으며, 그중 D-dimer 치는악성이의심되거나결핵성인경우특발성에의한경우보다유의하 - 6 -

4 - 김대영외 9 인 : 중등도이상의심낭삼출의임상상 - Table. Diagnostic laboratory findings of patients with pericardial effusion Characteristics of several diagnostic findings Etiology pericardial effusion Nonhemorrhagic Lymphocyte /Hemorrhagic dominant cytology (dysplasia) of pericardial effusion tumor ADA culture marker (>6 IU/L) TB PCR Total number Malignancy / (6.8%) (68.%) (6.%) (.%) (.8%) (.%) 9 Lung / Breast / GIT / Lymphoma / Unknown / Tuberculosis / 8 (69.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) 6 (%) (.%) 6 Idiopathic 8/ (8.%) (.%) (8.%) (.%) (.%) (8.%) Miscellaneous / 6 (8.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) Hypothyroidism / CTD / Aortic dissection / Total / 8 (9.%) (.%) (6.6%) (.%) 9 (.%) (6.%) 6 GIT, gastrointestinal tract; CTD, connective tissue disease; ADA, adenosine deaminase 게높았다 ( 표 ). 심낭액의종양표지자 (tumor marker) 검사에서기준치보다높게나온경우는악성이의심되었던경우에서 예 (6.%) 였으며, 결핵성심낭염이의심되었던경우 예 (.%), 특발성에서 예가있었다 ( 표 ).. 심낭삼출액의세포진및생검소견심낭삼출액의현미경적검사에서혈성인경우및임파구가주종을이루는경우는임상적으로악성이의심되었던 9예중에서각각 예 (.%) 및 예 (.%), 결핵성심낭염이의심되었던 6예중에서각각 예 (8.%) 및 8예 (69.%) 였다. 심낭액의세포진검사에서임상적으로악성이의심되었던 9예에서악성세포 (malignant cell) 가 예, 이형성세포 (atypical cell) 가 예, 급성이나만성염증세포가 예였으며, 비특이적소견을보인경우도 예가있어악성심낭삼출을확진할수있었던경우는 68.% 정도였으며, 또한세포진검사및종양표지자검사모두에서음성인예는 예가있었다. 결핵성심낭염이의심되었던예에서의세포진검사소견은중피세포 (mesothelial cell) 가 예였고, 나머지는모두급성이나만성염증세포가검출되었고, 특발성인경우와그밖의다른원인으로분류된 9예에서는만성염증세포가 6예, 중피세포가 예, 비특이적소견을보인경우가 예 등으로원인질환의추정에는도움이되지못했다. 그러나심낭삼출액을이용한도말검사및배양검사에서결핵균이 예에서관찰되어.% 에서결핵성심낭염을확진할수있었다. 심낭조직검사는악성이의심되었던예중세포진검사와종양표지자검사모두에서음성인 예중 예에서시행되었으나종양세포는발견되지않았다. 결핵성심낭염으로치료한경우는 9예에서조직검사가시행되었고, 그중육아종성병변은 예였고, 나머지 예는만성염증소견만있었다. 그밖에특발성심낭염 예와결체조직질환 예에서시행하였으나, 특이한소견은없었다 ( 표 ).. 임상경과및예후심낭삼출로내원후추적기간은 일에서.9년정도였으며, 평균.9년 ±.8년이였다. 심낭삼출이악성으로의심되었던 9예중 예가사망하였으며평균생존기간은악성종양진단후 일 ±.9일이였고, 심낭천자술후 일 ±.일이였으며, 나머지 예는추적확인시생존하였다. 결핵성심낭염으로진단한 6예에서치료중심낭액이다시증가하여재천자를한경우는 예였으며, 교착성심낭염은내원시 예및추적조사시 예가발생하여모두 6예 (.%) 가관찰되었다. 그리고추적조사시 예가질병과관련없는 - -

5 - The Korean Journal of Medicine : Vol., No., 8 - Table. Clinical complications and prognosis of the patients with pericardial effusion Etiology Pericardiocentesis Therapeutic/Diagnostic Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis Survival rate Total number Malignancy /8 (.%) 9 Lung 9 Breast GIT Lymphoma Unknown Tuberculosis 6/ 6 (.%) (9.%) 6 Idiopathic / (.%) (9.%) Miscellaneous / 6 (8.%) Hypothyroidism CTD Aortic dissection Total 8 (9.%) / 6 (.6%) (.%) 9 (.%) (.%) 6 GIT, gastrointestinal tract; CTD, connective tissue disease. 발성심낭염에서 예 (%) 였으며, 재천자를요하는재발성심낭삼출 (recurrent pericardial effusion) 을보이는경우는결핵성심낭염으로치료한예에서 예, 특발성심낭염으로진단한예에서 예가관찰되었다. 내원당시심낭압전소견이있어응급으로심낭천자를시행한경우는악성으로의심되었던 예, 결핵성심낭염 예, 갑상선기능저하로인한 예및특발성심낭염 예등모두 예였다 ( 표 ). 고 찰 Figure. There were presented the cumulative survival rate of three subgroups, which were composed of malignancy-related pericardial effusion (MRPE), tuberculosis pericardial effusion (TPE), and idiopathic pericardial effusion (IPE) respectively. Kaplan-Meier method (Log-Rank) was applied for analysis. 원인으로사망하였으며, 다른 예는 년후폐암이발생하였다. 그리고기타의경우로대동맥박리가동반된경우 예와원인미상인특발성심낭염 (idiopathic pericarditis) 으로진단한 예 (8.%) 가사망하였다. 이와같이악성종양과관련된심낭삼출을보인군에서다른군에비하여유의한생존율의저하를보였다 (p<.) ( 그림 ). 교착성심낭염의발생은특 심낭질환의다양한임상상과여러원인들은잘알려져있지만, 개별환자에서그원인을진단하는것은곤란한경우가있고, 또한뚜렷한진단지침이설정되어있지도않다 9). 그러므로심낭삼출을일으키는질환은적지않은수에서원인을추정하고, 치료방침을결정한후경과를추적하여본후확진을해야하는경우가있으며, 그럼에도불구하고원인미상의심낭삼출로분류되는경우가있다. 그리고흔히임상적으로삼출을일으킬수있는기저질환이있거나기왕력이있는경우심낭삼출의잠정적원인으로추정하는경우도있다 (Principle of guilty by association ) 9). 그러나저자들의경우에중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는경우악성이의심되는경우를제외하고는기저질환과의연관성을볼수없었고, 결핵의기왕력은결핵성심낭염의발생과는연관성이없어서구에서와는달리결핵의유병율이높은국내현실에는결핵성심낭삼출의진단에보다적극적인증거를 - 8 -

6 - Dae Young Kim, et al : Long-term follow-up results of moderate pericardial effusion - 필요로할것으로사료되었다. 또한심낭삼출의치료는 Horowitz 등 ) 이제시한 D형이하의소량심낭삼출을보이며임상증상이거의없는경우에는대부분특별한치료없이도자연적인회복이이루어지는것으로알려져있고, ), 배등 ) 의국내연구에서도 ~6개월내에자연관해되어주기적인추적관찰이외에심낭천자등의침습적인진단수기는거의필요없음을보고하였다. 그러나저자들은중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는환자를대상으로하여침습적인검사를배제하고, 일차적으로임상증상, 이학적소견및흉부방사선촬영과혈액검사결과만으로원인을진단하고자하였을때임상적으로악성이의심되는경우는악성종양이이미진단된 8예와흉부방사선촬영에전이성결절이나원발성종양이의심되는 8예, 갑상선기능저하와관련된심낭삼출 예, 및객담에서결핵균이검출된 예등 예 (.%) 에서만원인추정이가능하였다. 심낭염환자 명을대상으로한 Permanyer 등 9) 의연구에서도대상환자중에특발성심낭염 (acute idiopathic pericarditis) 환자가많이포함되어있었지만, 이러한방법만으로는약 % 정도의낮은진단율을보인다고하였다. 이와같이낮은진단율때문에임상에서는증상의완화를목적으로하지않더라도중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는경우에대개증상발현후 주정도의경과관찰후에도호전이없고뚜렷한원인을추정할수없다면, 진단을목적으로한심낭천자가필요한것으로사료되었다. 악성종양에서심낭삼출이발생하는기전은원발성종양의전이가가장많은원인이고, 그밖의기전으로는심낭을비롯한주위조직의임파액배액 (lymphatic fluid drainage) 에지장이초래되거나, 방사선치료로인한주위조직의변성이나면역저하로인한균감염등이제안되고있다. 또한심낭으로종양전이가있더라도그수가충분하지않거나, 삼출액내에백혈구나특히중피세포가많은경우위음성으로판단되는경우가드물지않은것으로알려져있다 ). Wilkes 등 ) 의연구에서세포진검사는.% 정도에서만악성세포를확인할수있다고보고하였고, 다른연구등에서도평균 ~8% 정도에양성이라고보고하여 ), 세포진검사를통한악성종양의전이로인한심낭삼출의진단에는제한점이있는것으로알려져있다. 종양표지자는종양마다발현하는정도가다양하고, 삼출액인경우분자량이큰단백질도투과될수있으므로혈청으로부터수동적으로투과되어검출될가능성이있어종양의심낭으로직접적인전이를시사하는데는부족한면이있는것으로알려져있다 ). 저자 들의경우에서도악성심낭삼출로추정한예중세포진검사로확진되었던경우는 예 (68.%) 였고, 나머지 예중 예에서는종양표지자검사에서조차음성으로원발성종양은진단되었지만심낭삼출의원인이종양과관련이있다는직접적인증거는없었다. 그러나전술한이유로단순히원인미상의경우로분류하는데도문제가있는것으로생각되어악성이의심되는예로분류하였으며 예모두추적조사시사망한것으로확인되었다. 그러므로저자들은악성종양과관련된심낭삼출은나쁜예후를시사하며, 그경과는기저종양의임상적특성및치료에대한반응에의존하지만, 심낭압전 (cardiac tampon) 으로응급심낭천자를한경우가 예 (6.8%) 나있어환자의사망률을높이는중요한합병증으로사료되었다. ADA (adenosine deaminase) 는퓨린대사 (purine metabolism) 에관여하는효소로 T-임파구에높은농도로존재하며, 결핵성삼출액에약 ~ IU/L 정도의농도를보인다. IU/L를제한치 (cut-off value) 로했을때결핵진단의예민도는 9%, 특이도는 68% 정도로보고되며, IU/L 로제한치가높아지면특이도는 8% 정도로높아지는것으로알려져있다, 6). 실제임상에서사용하는제한치는 ~6 IU/L 로다양하며, 저자들은제한치를 6 IU/L 이상으로하여세포진검사에서음성인경우 (예) 를결핵성심낭염으로추정하고항결핵제를투여하였고, 이중 예는최근병력상위선암으로진단되어외과적치료를한경우로악성심낭삼출을배제할수있었던경우였다. 그러나이외의다른 예는 ADA치는낮았지만 (.6 IU/L) 심낭생검에서만성육아종성병변이발견되어결핵성심낭염으로항결핵제를투여한경우로드물지만전적으로 ADA치만으로결핵성심낭염을진단하는데는제한이있을것으로판단되었다. 또한이는 ADA치가 T-임파구의활성에의존하므로면역저하상태나종양및기타감염등으로인한면역자극상태에따라별개로높거나낮게나올수있어 ) 세포진검사나조직검사소견과함께해석해야할것으로판단되었다. 그러나결핵성심낭염으로치료한전체 6예중세균학적으로증명된경우는 예 (.%) 밖에안되어도말검사와배양검사의민감도가낮은현실에서 ADA를기준으로한결핵성심낭염의진단은매우유용한방법으로사료되었다. 치료종결후심낭삼출은모든예에서재발되지않았으나, 구축성심낭염은추적조사시 예 (9.%) 에서발생하였고, 이중 예에서심낭절제술을하여이에대한주기적경과관찰이필요할것으로판단되었다

7 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 권제 호통권제 호 8 - 치료하지않은갑상선기능저하증의약 ~8% 에서심낭삼출이발견된다고하며 ), 다량의심낭삼출이있는경우는드문것으로알려져있다. 저자들의경우에는중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는환자중 예에서갑상선기능저하증이있었으며심근증이나자가면역항체및갑상선종양등의소견은없었다. 예모두에서갑상선호르몬투여후약 ~주사이에전신증상의호전과함께뚜렷한심낭액의감소가있었으며좋은예후를보였다. 특발성심낭염은국내에서도악성및결핵성인경우와함께심낭삼출의흔한원인으로알려져있으며, 적지않은예에서바이러스감염과관련이있을것으로생각되어진다. 그러므로다양한면역학적혈청검사를한다면특이적인원인을찾을가능성이높지만, 적절한시기가지난후환자가내원하면뚜렷한결과를얻기가어렵다는제한점이있다. 그러므로임상에서는대부분심낭염의합병증으로중등도이상의심낭삼출이있는경우결핵을포함한세균성이나악성에의할가능성이낮으면추적관찰과대증적치료를하는것으로되어있다. 저자들의경우에서추적조사시심낭질환과무관한원인으로 예가사망하였으며, 수차례의재천자를요하는재발성심낭삼출이 예에서발생하였고, 교착성심낭염은 예에서발생하여중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는특발성심낭염의경우예후는비교적양호하지만합병증의빈도는낮지않은것으로사료되었다. 결론적으로저자들은본연구에서중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는경우대부분이삼출액이며이중상당수는혈성이였고, 호흡곤란이나심낭압전과같은혈역학적합병증을보이는경우가많아진단적심낭천자보다는치료적심낭천자를서둘러해야하는경우가많음을확인할수있었다. 천자액을이용한세포진검사외에도말검사나배양검사및생화학적검사는원인을규명하는데큰도움은되지않았다. 예후는악성이의심되는심낭삼출에서가장나빴으며, 주로기저질환의진행에의해결정되었다. 그리고중등도이상의심낭염에서는교착성심낭염의발생빈도가.% 전후로이에대한추후경과관찰이필요한것으로사료되었다. 요약목적 : 심낭삼출은소량인경우대부분자연적으로관해가되지만, 중등도이상인경우심낭압전과같은응급한합병증뿐아니라다양한기저질환을가지는것으로알려져있다. 이에저자들은중등도이상의심낭삼출을보이는환자 를대상으로하여그원인질환과이에따른천자와생검소견및심낭삼출의특성을관찰하고치료결과및장기적임상경과를파악하고자본연구를시행하였다. 방법 : 년 월부터 6년 6월까지내원하여심초음파검사에서중등도이상의심낭삼출소견을보인 6명의환자를대상으로하여심낭천자를시행하고일부에서는심낭생검을시행하였으며, 심낭삼출의원인은 년 ESC 지침을준용하여이학적소견, 임상양상및혈액검사와심낭액의생화학검사및세포진검사나생검결과등을모두고려하여결정하였다. 추적기간은평균.9년 ±.8년이였고, 6년 월에생존유무를추적확인하였다. 결과 : 심낭삼출의원인으로는악성이의심되는경우가 9예, 결핵성심낭염이 6예, 특발성심낭염이 예였으며, 기타원인으로갑상선기능저하가 예, 대동맥박리나결체조직질환과관련된경우가각각 예였고, 배액량은평균 66±.6 ml였다. 악성이의심된예중 예가사망하여평균생존기간은진단후 일 ±.9일, 심낭천자술후 일 ±.일이였으며, 나머지 예는추적확인시생존하였다. 종양표지자양성인 예중 예는세포진검사음성이였고, 세포진검사양성을보인 예중 예에서는종양표지자음성이였으며, 예는세포진검사및종양표지자모두에서음성이였다. 결핵성심낭염은 ADA치가 6 IU/L 이상인경우로하였으며, 치료중재천자를한경우는 예, 교착성심낭염은내원시 예및추적조사시 예로모두 6예 (.%) 가발생하였다. 그리고 예가사망하였으며, 다른 예는 년후폐암이발생하였다. 기타의경우로대동맥박리가동반된경우 예와원인미상인특발성심낭염으로진단한 예 (8.%) 가사망하였다. 결론 : 중등도이상의심낭삼출의경우대부분이삼출액이며상당수는혈성이였다. 호흡곤란이나심낭압전등의합병증을보이는경우가많아치료적심낭천자를요하는경우가많았고, 세포진검사외에도말검사와배양검사및생화학적검사는원인을규명하는데큰도움은되지않았다. 예후는악성이의심되는심낭삼출에서가장나빴으며, 주로기저질환의진행에의해결정되었다. 그리고교착성심낭염의발생빈도가전체에서.% 전후로추후주의깊은경과관찰이필요한것으로사료되었다. 중심단어 : 심낭삼출 ; 원인 ; 장기추적 - 6 -

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