OpenGL 프로그래밍 가이드 : OpenGL 1.2 공식 학습 가이드 제3판

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1 OpenGL, (OpenGL GL, Graphics Library ). OpenGL 3.,,. OpenGL , OpenGL OpenGL., OpenGL. 2, 3. 3, ,.

2 26 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 5,, (, ) OpenGL.. 6,,,.,,. 7, OpenGL. OpenGL. 8,,,, 2.. 9, , OpenGL.,,,, DOF. 11, GLU(OpenGL Utility Library). 12, NURBS.

3 27 13, OpenGL.,, OpenGL. 14, OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL IRIS Graphics Library.,. A, OpenGL,. B, OpenGL,. C, OpenGL OpenGL. X Window System Apple Macintosh, IBM OS/2, MS Windows NT, Windows 95. D, GLUT OpenGL. GLUT,. E,. F,. G, OpenGL OpenGL. H, OpenGL OpenGL, OpenGL.

4 28 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 OpenGL 3. OpenGL rescaling - (packed BGRA) - 3D,, LOD, specular highlights OpenGL OpenGL - GLU(OpenGL Utility Library) 1.3 GLX(OpenGL Extension to the X Window System) C, (,,,, ).,.,. Computer Graphics : Principles and Practices, James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, John F. Hughes (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990) -.,. 3D Computer Graphics : A User's Guide f or Artists and Designers, Andrew S. Glassner (New York: Design Press, 1989) -

5 29.,. OpenGL OpenGL., FAQ,. OpenGL. ht t p :/ / OpenGL OpenGL ARB OpenGL Reference Manual ( Addison-Wesley ). Reference Manual OpenGL., OpenGL (,, ). OpenGL., OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL. OpenGL. (, )., OpenGL,,,,. OpenGL. Mark Kilgard GLUT(OpenGL Utility Toolkit). GLUT Mark Kilgard OpenGL Programming for the X Window System (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996). 1 OpenGL D GLUT. GLUT ftp.

6 30 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2. ft p :/ / ft p.sgi.com/ opengl / opengl 12.t ar.z ft p :/ / ft p.sgi.com/ opengl / opengl 12. zi p (MS Windows 95/98/NT X Window System ) GLUT GLUT. ht t p :/ / devel oper s/ document at i on/ gl ut / OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL. OpenGL. Na te Robins Ope ngl OpenGL Nate Robins (OpenGL Tutors).,.,,. GLUT,. ht t p :/ / www. cs.ut ah.edu/ ~nar obi ns/ opengl.ht ml. (errata). ht t p :/ / com/ er rat a.ht ml.,.

7 ,,, -, (brace). glcommand s, i, f, d, GLshort, GLint, GLfloat, GLdouble. glcommand TYPE. void g lco mmand{sifd}(type x1, TYPE y1, TYPE x2, TYPE y2);

8 1 Ope ngl OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL

9 34 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 OpenGL 6. OpenGL? OpenGL, OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL,. OpenGL OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL. OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL, GLUT(Graphics Library Utility Toolkit).. Ope ngl? OpenGL (200 OpenGL, 50 OpenGL Utility Library ). OpenGL., OpenGL.., OpenGL 3.,,, OpenGL,,. GLU(OpenGL Utility Library), OpenGL. GLU NURBS. GLU OpenGL., (Fahrenheit Scene Graph, FSG) OpenGL

10 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 35, OpenGL ( OpenGL ). OpenGL., OpenGL.. OpenGL. OpenGL.. 1 (wireframe).,. (, ).,..,.,,,.. 2 (depth-cue).. OpenGL ( (fog) ). 3 (antialias ing). (pixel, picture element ),..

11 36 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL (lighting) (flat-s hading).... 5, (smooth-shading) (shadow) (texture). OpenGL, ,,. 7 (motion-blur). ( ) DOF(depth-of-field)... OpenGL. OpenGL ( OpenGL ). 1.., (OpenGL,,,, ).

12 Chapter 1 Ope ngl ,. 3..,,,. 4.. (rasterization)..,,. X Window System OpenGL., OpenGL,. OpenGL ( ) OpenGL. OpenGL,. Ope ngl OpenGL.., OpenGL,. OpenGL,. (rendering). (model) (vertice) (,, ).

$h> mai n () { Ini t i al i zeawi ndowpl ease (); gl Cl earcol or (0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0); gl Cl ear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BI T); gl Col or 3f (1. 0, 1. 0, 1. 0); gl Ort ho (0.$

13 38 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2. (pixel),.. (bitplane),..,., OpenGL. [ 1-1] [ 1-1] OpenGL #i ncl ude <what everyouneed.h> mai n () { Ini t i al i zeawi ndowpl ease (); gl Cl earcol or (0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0); gl Cl ear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BI T); gl Col or 3f (1. 0, 1. 0, 1. 0); gl Ort ho (0. 0, 1. 0, 0. 0, 1. 0, , 1. 0);

14 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 39 } glbegin(gl_ POLYGON); gl Vert ex3f (0.25, 0.25, 0. 0); gl Vert ex3f (0.75, 0.25, 0. 0); gl Vert ex3f (0.75, 0.75, 0. 0); gl Vert ex3f (0.25, 0.75, 0. 0); gl End (); gl Fl ush (); Updat ethewi ndowandcheckforevent s (); main() ( ) (window). InitializeAWindowPlease() OpenGL. OpenGL. glclearcolor(), glclear(). glclear()., glcolor3f() ( ).. OpenGL glortho(), (coordinate system) OpenGL., glbegin() glend().. glvertex3f(). (x, y, z), z=0., glflush() (buff er). UpdateTheWindowAndCheckForEvents(). OpenGL.,., InitializeAWindowPlease() UpdateTheWindowAndCheckForEvents() [ 1-1].

15 40 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 Ope ngl glclearcolor() OpenGL gl (prefix). GL_,, _ (, GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)., glcolor3f() glvertex3f() 3f (suffix). glcolor3f() Color OpenGL, OpenGL., 3., Color. f (floating-point). OpenGL. OpenGL 8. [ 1-1] ISO C OpenGL OpenGL. C++ Ada OpenGL. 1-1 C OpenGL b 8 integer signed char GLbyte s 16 integer short GLshort i 32 integer int long GLint, GLsizei f 32 floating-point float GLfloat, GLclampf d 64 floating-point double GLdouble, GLclampd ub 8 unsigned integer unsigned char GLubyte, GLboolean us 16 unsigned integer unsigned short GLushort ui 32 unsigned integer unsigned int unsigned long GLuint, GLenum, GLbitfield

16 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 41, gl Ver t ex2i (1, 3); gl Ver t ex2f (1. 0, 3. 0); (vertex) 32 integer, (single-precision floating-point). NOTE OpenGL C OpenGL. OpenGL. OpenGL v, ( ).,,.. gl Col or 3f (1. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0); GLfloat col or_array [] = {1. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0}; glcol or3fv (color_array);, OpenGL GLvoid. OpenGL. OpenGL, (*)., glcolor*().., glvertex*v(). Ope ngl OpenGL (state machine)...,

17 42 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2. OpenGL,,,,,,,,. glenable() gldisable().,. glgetbooleanv(), glgetdoublev(), glgetfloatv(), glgetintegerv(), glgetpointerv(), glisenabled().. (, glgetlight*(), glgeterror(), glgetpolygonstipple())., glpushattrib(), glpushclientattrib(), glpopattrib() glpopclientattrib().. B OpenGL. glget*(). Ope ngl OpenGL OpenGL (OpenGL Rendering Pipeline). [ 1-2] OpenGL, OpenGL. 3,. OpenGL.,, (evaluator) pre-vertex,,,.

18 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 43 ( per-fragment, per-fragment ),. 1-2, OpenGL., (display list) (, (immediate mode) ). ( 7 ).. (basis function). (evaluator)

19 44 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2. (polynomial mapping),,,, ( 12 ). Per-Vertex, (per-vertex Operation) D (projection) ( 3 )..,.,,,,.. (clipping),.,,. (perspective division)., (viewport) (depth, z- ). (culling). (2 ).,,,,.

20 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 45 OpenGL,.,. (scale), (bias)., (clamp), (8 ).,, (mapping), (clamping) (pixel-transfer operation).,..,. OpenGL.. OpenGL. (9 ). (rasterization) (f ragment).,. (filled polygon),,,, (coverage)..

21 46 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2,.. (texturing) (texel, texture element)., (scissor),,, ( )..,,,, (6 10 ).,,. Ope ngl OpenGL,., OpenGL.. OpenGL (GLU, OpenGL Utility Library) OpenGL, (tessellation),. OpenGL. GLU OpenGL Ref erence Manual. GLU GLU NURBS. GLU glu. OpenGL. X Window System, GLX (OpenGL Extension to the X Window System) OpenGL. GLX glx. MS Windows 95/98/NT, OpenGL WGL. WGL wgl., IBM OS/2 PGL(Presentation Manager to OpenGL

22 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 47 interface), pgl. Apple, AGL, agl. C. GLX OpenGL Ref erence Manual. OpenGL (GLUT, OpenGL Utility Toolkit) Mark Kilgard API. GLUT, Mark Kilgard OpenGL Programming for the X Window System (ISBN ). GLUT glut. GLUT. (FSG, Fahrenheit Scene Graph) OpenGL 3. FSG C++, 3,. FSG OpenGL. include, OpenGL gl.h., OpenGL GLU glu.h., OpenGL. #i ncl ude <GL/ gl.h> #i ncl ude <GL/ gl u.h> MS Windows, MS Windows gl.h glu.h windows.h windows.h gl.h glu.h., GLX, AGL, PGL, WGL., GLX.

23 48 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 #i ncl ude <X11/ Xl i b.h> #i ncl ude <GL/ gl x.h> MS Windows WGL. #i ncl ude <wi ndows.h> GLUT. #i ncl ude <GL/ gl ut.h> NOTE glut.h gl.h glu.h include. glut.h MS Windows,. GLUT glut.h, gl.h glu.h., OpenGL C. #i ncl ude <st dl i b.h> #i ncl ude <st di o.h> GLUT - OpenGL OpenGL., OpenGL.,,, Windows., GLUT. OpenGL GLUT., OpenGL,, GLUT, 3.

24 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 49 (OpenGL (GLU) GLUT, 3 ). OpenGL GLUT, OpenGL. GLUT ( GLUT D Kilgard OpenGL Programming for the X Window System 4 5 ).. glutinit(int *argc, char **argv) - GLUT (X Window System, -display -geometry ). GLUT glutinit(). glutinitdisplaymode (uns igned int mode) - RGBA,.,, ( glutsetcolor() ).,,., RGBA,, glutinitdisplaymode (GLUT_DOUBLE GLUT_RGB GLUT_DEPTH). glutinitwindowpos ition(int x, int y) -. glutinitwindowsize (int width, int size) -. int glutcreatewindow(char *string) - OpenGL.. glutmainloop().

25 50 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 glutdisplayfunc(void (*f unc)(void)). GLUT.,. glutmainloop() glutpostredisplay(). glutmainloop(void)..,.. [ 1-2] GLUT [ 1-1].. init(). display(), GLUT. 1-2 GLUT OpenGL : hello.c #i ncl ude <GL/ gl ut.h> #i ncl ude <st dl i b.h> voi d di spl ay (voi d ) { / *. */ gl Cl ear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BI T) ; / * (0. 25, 0. 25, 0. 0) (0 75, 0.75, 0. 0) * ( ). */ gl Col or 3f (1. 0, 1. 0, 1. 0) ;

26 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 51 gl Begi n (GL_POLYGON) ; gl Vert ex3f (0.25, 0.25, 0. 0) ; glvert ex3f (0 75, 0.25, 0. 0) ; gl Vert ex3f (0.75, 0.75, 0. 0) ; gl vert ex3f (0.25, 0.75, 0. 0) ; gl End () ; / *, * OpenGL. */ gl Fl ush (); } voi d i ni t (voi d ) { / *. */ gl Cl ear Col or (0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0) ; / *. */ glmat r i xmode (GL_PROJECTION) ; gl LoadIdent i t y () ; glort ho (0. 0, 1. 0, 0. 0, 1. 0, , 1. 0) ; } / *, ( RGBA ). * "hel l o".. *. *,. */ i nt mai n (i nt argc, char ** argv ) { gl ut Ini t (&argc, argv ) ; glutinitdisplaymode (GLUT_SINGLE GLUT_RGB) ; gl ut I ni t Wi ndowsi ze (250, 250) ; gl ut Ini twi ndowposi t i on (100, 100) ; gl ut Creat ewi ndow("hel l o" ) ; i ni t () ; gl ut Di spl ayfunc (di spl ay ) ; glutmai nloop () ; r et ur n 0; / * I SO C mai n i nt. */ }

27 52 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2. glutreshape Func(void (*func)(int w, int h)) -. glutkeyboardfunc (void (*func)(unsigned char key, int x, int y)) -. glutmouse Func (void (*func)(int button, int state, int x, int y)) -. glutmotionfunc(void (*func)(int x, int y)) -., (idle) glutidlefunc(void (*f unc)(void)).. NULL. 3 GLUT 3. (cone) (cube) 12 (dodecahedron) 20 (icosahedron) 8 (octahedron) (sphere) (teapot) (tetrahedron) (torus),.,. void gl utwi recube (GLdouble si ze ); void gl ut Sol i dcube (GLdouble si ze ); void gl utwi resphere (GLdouble radi us, GLint sl i ces, GLint s t acks ); void gl ut Sol i dsphere (GLdouble radi us, GLint sl i ces, GLint s tacks );

28 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 53 ( D )..,, , ( 16 ) (refresh), open_wi ndow(); for (i = 0; i < ; i ++) { cl ear_t he_wi ndow(); draw_fr ame (i ); wai t _unt i l_a_24t h_of_a_second_i s_over (); }, 1/24. 1/24,

29 54 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL /24.,. OpenGL (double-buff ering)..,,..,.,... open_wi ndow_i n_doubl e_buf fer_mode (); for (i = 0; i < ; i ++) { cl ear_t he_wi ndow(); dr aw_f rame (i ); swap_t he_buf fer s (); } OpenGL, swap_the_buffers()., fps(frames per second), 1/60. 1/60,., 1/45, 30fps 1/30-1/45=1/90.

30 Chapter 1 Ope ngl 55,., 1/60, 60fps, 30fps, 20fps, 15fps, 12fps (60/1, 60/2, 60/3, 60/4, 60/5,...)., 60fps, 1/60 60fps 30fps. 1/ fps. (1/60, 2/60, 3/60 ),,.,.. = +.,. 3.., (viewpoint),,.. swap_the_buffers(). swap_the_buffers(), OpenGL., X Window System, GLX. voi d gl xswapbuf fers (Di spl ay *dpy, Wi ndow wi ndow);

31 56 Ope ngl Progra mming Guide - OpenGL 1.2 ( C.) GLUT,. voi d gl ut SwapBuffer s (void ); [ 1-3] [ 1-3] glutswapbuffers()., GLUT idle : double.c #i ncl ude <st dl i b.h> #i ncl ude <GL/ gl ut.h> st at i c GLfl oat spi n = 0. 0; voi d i ni t (voi d ) { gl Cl earcol or (0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0) ; gl ShadeModel (GL_ FLAT) ; } voi d di spl ay (voi d ) { gl Cl ear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BI T) ; gl PushMat r i x () ; gl Rot at ef (spi n, 0. 0, 0. 0, 1. 0) ; gl Col or 3f (1. 0, 1. 0, 1. 0) ; } gl Rect f ( , , 25. 0, 25. 0) ; gl PopMat r i x () ; gl ut SwapBuf fer s () ;

OpenGL 프로그래밍 가이드 제4판

OpenGL 프로그래밍 가이드 제4판 1 Ope ngl OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL OpenGL Chapter 1 Ope ngl 31 OpenGL,. Ope ngl? OpenGL, OpenGL,. Ope ngl OpenGL,. Ope ngl OpenGL. Ope ngl OpenGL,. OpenGL. OpenGL OpenGL, GLUT(Graphi cs Li brary Ut