http://doi.org/10.5909/jeb.2011.16.5.834 HFC a), a), b), b), a) Transmission Method and Simulator Development with Channel bonding for a Mass Broadcasting Service in HFC Networks Hyunchul Shin a), Dongyul Lee a), Woongshik You b), Dongjoon Choi b), and Chaewoo Lee a) UHD(Ultra High Definition).. HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) DOCSIS 3.0(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 3.0) /. DOCSIS 3.0., CBR(Constant Bit Rate) VBR(Variable Bit Rate).. HFC UHD(Ultra High Definition) VBR, OPNET., HFC,. HFC VBR.. Abstract Massive broadcasting contents such as UHD(Ultra High Definition) TV which requires multi-channel capacity for transmission has been introduced in recent years. A transmission scheme with channel bonding has been considered for transmission of massive broadcasting contents. In HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) networks, DOCSIS 3.0(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 3.0) has already applied channel bonding schemes for up/downstream of data service. A method unlike DOCSIS 3.0 is required to introduce a channel bonding scheme in the broadcasting service having unidirectional transmission with a downstream. Since a massive broadcasting content requires several channels for transmission, VBR(Variable Bit Rate) transmission has been emerging for the bandwidth efficiency. In addition, research on channel allocation and resource scheduling is required to guarantee QoS(Quality of Service) for the broadcasting service based on VBR. In this paper, we propose a transmission method for mass broadcasting service in HFC network and show the UHD transmission simulator developed to evaluate the performance. In order to evaluate the performance, we define various scenarios. Using the simulator, we assess the possibility of channel bonding and VBR transmission for UHD broadcasting system to provide mass broadcasting service efficiently. The developed simulator is expected to contribute to the efficient transmission system development of mass broadcasting service. Keyword : UHDTV, Channel Bonding, HFC, CATV, Broadcasting
. HD(High Definition). HD 1024x720, 1280x720 HD, 1980x1020 60 [1]., UHD(Ultra High Definition) [1]. HD (1280x720 ) 4 (4K UHD:3840x2160 ) 16 (8K UHD:7680x4320 ),,,, STB(Set-Top Box) [2]. 80% TV HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) 6MHz, 256QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Mo- dulation) 38.8Mbps MPEG- 2 TS(Transport Stream) [3]., TV MPEG-2 HD (19.4 Mbps) 16 310Mbps. H.264 160Mbps [4]. HFC. HFC a) Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University b) CATV Digital CATV System Research Team, ETRI : (cwlee@ajou.ac.kr) (2011 5 17 ), (2011 8 9 ), (2011 8 16 )..,. (channel bonding).,., HFC DOCSIS 3.0(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 3.0) [5], HFC.., HFC DOCSIS 3.0., HFC DOCSIS 3.0., (throughput), (QoS),,. DOCSIS 3.0. VBR(Variable Bit Rate). VBR CBR(Constant Bit Rate). VBR. HFC UHD(Ultra High Definition), OPNET
. HFC VBR,.. 2 HFC. 3 HFC VBR,. 4.... HFC. HFC DOCSIS 3.0. DOCSIS 3.0 HFC, VBR. [6]. 1. Fig. 1. Structure of cable network HFC (CableLabs) (OpenCable)., [6]. 2. 1. HFC 1 HFC.. 1 CMTS(Cable Modem Termination System) (ONU;Optical Network Unit). 2. HFC Fig. 2. Transmission stack of digital broadcasting and data in HFC network 6MHz, MPEG-2 TS 256QAM 38.8Mbps [3]. HFC HD CBR 19.4Mbps
. HD 16., HFC 310Mbps.. VBR [7]. 2. DOCSIS 3.0 MAC /. HFC DOCSIS 3.0 CMTS (Cable Modem) [5]. DOCSIS 3.0 4 6MHz / 120Mbps, 160Mbps. /, /. DOCSIS 3.0 DOCSIS 3.0. DOCSIS 3.0,, [8~10]. DOCSIS 3.0., QoS DOCSIS 3.0. HFC IP DOCSIS 3.0 MAC MPEG-2 TS 3. DOCSIS 3.0 Fig. 3. Channel bonding concept of DOCSIS 3.0, 2 IP DOCSIS MAC MPEG-2 TS., DOCSIS 3.0.,.. 3. VBR SD(Standard Definition)TV HDTV CBR. CBR VBR. VBR CBR. VBR.. HFC
VBR.. 1. HFC VBR. 4. 4 (Stream Splitt- er)., QoS,. 4 HFC HFC. 4 (Stream Decoder) TS. VBR, TS FCFS (First-Come First-Served). DOCSIS 3.0 MAC, MEPG-2 TS continuity counter. 2. 5,, GUI.. 5 4. I QoS,, CBR VBR. TS OPNET. OPNET 4. Fig. 4. Transmission structure of massive broadcasting contents
.,. 6. 5. Fig. 5. The composition of the massive broadcasting contents transmission simulator IV..,,. I QoS., QoS,.. Full HD Sista Push Push, 20.21Mbps, 17.29Mbps. 38.8Mbps, ITU-T Y.1541 QoS 100ms, 50ms [11].. 1 Sista Push 6. UI Fig. 6. UI of the massive broadcasting contents transmission simulator
Push. 1. I Table 1. Simulation characteristics of part I Source Source Peak rate Source Avg. rate Delay Jitter Delay Bound Jitter Bound Channel Capacity Simulation Duration Part I Simulation Characteristics Full HD Sista <Push Push> 20.21 Mbps 17.29 Mbps 60~150 ms 10~100 ms 100 ms 50 ms 38.8 Mbps 10 sec 7,8. 7,, 8,. 7(a) 10msec 80msec, 7(b) 60msec. 8 10msec 8(b),(c) 70msec.. MPEG-2 H.264/AVC (a) 10msec Delay (b) 60msec Jitter 7. Fig. 7. Packet loss ratio for delay and jitter (a) Delay: 60 msec Jitter: 10 msec 8. Fig. 8. Image degradation for delay (b) Delay: 70 msec Jitter: 10 msec (c) Delay: 80 msec Jitter: 10 msec
2. II Table 2. Simulation characteristics of part II Source Pareto On-Off Model II Simulation Characteristics Gamma Distribution Model Full HD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> 4K UHD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> Source Peak rate 47Mbps 49 Mbps 43 Mbps 87 Mbps Source Avg. rate 34Mbps 37 Mbps 34.56 Mbps 69.12 Mbps Delay Bound Channel Capacity 100 ms 38.8 Mbps Simulation Duration 20 sec 10 sec [12][13].. 4., FIFO... 2. 9(a), (b) MPEG-2. MPEG-2 -, 47Mbps, 34Mbps. 1,2,3,4,, 4 4.. 9(c), (d) H.264,. 2, -. 9(e), (f) FHD, 9(g), (h) UHD. UHD. 9(g) 90ms, 9(h). 9,. CBR VBR VBR. VBR 43Mbps, 34.56 Mbps, CBR 38.8Mbps. 38.8Mbps 9, VBR CBR. 10 (a) VBR CBR, 10(b) VBR CBR. 10 VBR 11 CBR 9, VBR. Full HD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl>.
(a) Delay (b) (c) Delay (d) (e) FHD Delay (f) FHD (g) UHD Delay (h) UHD 9. Fig. 9. Delay and packet loss for video compression and contents (a) CBR VBR Delay (b) CBR VBR 10. CBR VBR Delay Fig. 10. Delay and packet loss for CBR and VBR
3. FHD Table 3. FHD traffic characteristics of part Simulation Characteristics Source HD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> Full HD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> 4K UHD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> 8K UHD MissA <Bad Girl Good Girl> Source Peak rate 21Mbps 43 Mbps 87 Mbps 174 Mbps Source Avg. rate 17.28 Mbps 34.56 Mbps 69.12 Mbps 138.24 Mbps Delay Bound Channel Capacity Simulation Duration 100 ms 38.8 Mbps 10 sec (a) (b) 11. Fig. 11. Animation and transmission monitoring system of the simulator. 8 (HD 2, FHD 2, 4K UHD 2, 8K UHD 2 ) 11. UHD FHD 4 16 4K UHD 8K UHD. FHD 3.,.. OPNET. UHDTV,., HD QoS.
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