C H A P T E R 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
13.1 ( ) 12 000 psi [ 13 1] 6in 10 [ 13 2] (stamping) 500
501
(pressure regulator) (oil mist) (lubricator) (air dryer) (muffler) 13.2 21 % 78 % 1 % 4 % 14 7 psia (10 kpa abs) [ 13 3] 20 000 ft(6 1 km) 1 000 ft 0 5 psi( km 11 kpa) 14 7 psia (standard specific weight) 14 7 psia68 F 0 0752 lb/ft 3 (101 kpa abs20 C 11 8 N/m 3 )13 3 502
(free air) (standard air) 68 F 14 7 psia (20 C101 kpa abs) 36 % (13 1) (13 2) (psia) (psig) 14 7 (Pa abs) (Pa gage) 101 000 ( R) ( F) 460 (K) ( C) 273 (13 1) (13 1M) (13 2) (13 2M) (Rankine) R 0 R ( 460 F) 0 (Kelvin) K (13 2M) 0 K( 0 )273 C [ 13 4] 68 F (20 C528 R293 K) 0 R 2460 F 273 C 0K 503
13.3 16 (perfect gas low) ( ) (Boyle s law) 504
(13 3) [ 13 5] F 1 F 2 V 1 V 2 [ 13 6] 2in (p 1 20 psigv 1 20 in 3 ) 4 in p 2 (13 3) 505
(Charles law) (13 4) [ 13 7] W [ 13 6] p 1 20 psigv 1 20 in 3 60 F 120 F V 2 (13 4) (Gay Lussac s law) (13 5) 506
[ 13 8] 507
[ 13 6] (V 1 ) p 1 20 psigt 1 60 F 160 F? (13 5) p 2 41 4 psia 26 7psig (general gas law) (13 6) 1 2 () Tp V T 1 T 2 p 1 V 1 p 2 V 2 14 [ 13 4] [13 5] 508
[ 13 9] 2 000 in 3 1 000 psig100 F 200 F 1 500 in 3? (13 6) p 2 [ 13 9] 12 900 cm 3 70 bar37 8 C 93 3 C 9 680 cm 3? (13 6) p 2 509
13.4 ( ) (air compressor) [ 13 10] (air fin) [ 13 11] 2 () 10 HP 120 gal 46 3 cfm( ft 3 ) 145 175 psi [ 13 12] 2 150 psi 150 psi (staging) (multistage compressor) (intercooling) 510
511
[ 13 13] (pressure capacity) 512
(starting unloader control) (starting unloader) [ 13 14] (release valve) [ 13 15] (unloader valve) (unloader) [ 13 16] 50 80 % ( 6 ) 80 % [ 13 17] 1 [ 13 18] 513
514
(rotor) 1 1 450 cfm 120 psi [ 13 19] (sliding vane type) (slot) (vane) 515
(port) 1 50 psi 2 150 psi (air capacity rating) cfm 14 7 psia68 F cfm scfm scfm (standard cubic feet per minute) cfm() scfm m 3 /min( ) m 3 /min 101 000 Pa abs20 C (13 6) V 1 1 ( ) 2 (t) V 1 V 2 Q 1 Q 2 (13 7) 516
(13 7) 90 F125 psi 30 cfm 14 7 psia 70 F cfm? (13 7) = 275 cfm() (125 psi90 ) 30 cfm (14 7 psia70 F) 275 cfm (air receiver) (receiver) (air reservoir) (air reservoir) (13 8)(13 8M) (13 8) (13 8M) t = (min) Q r = (scfm m 3 /min) 517
Q c = (scfm m 3 /min) p max = (psikpa) p min = (psikpa) V r = (ft 3 m 3 ) a80 100 psi 620 scfm b 5 scfm? a b 25 % 25 % (13 9)(13 9M) (HP) (13 9) (kw) (13 9M) p in = (psiakpa abs) p out = (psiakpa abs) Q = (scfm m 3 /min) 518
(actual power) (13 9) (overall efficiency) 100 psig 100 scfm 75 % (13 9) pin = 14 7 psiapout = 114 7 psia (13 9) 13.5 (fluid conditioner) (pressure regulator regulator) (lubricator) (muffler)(air dryer) (actuator) (in line filter) 5 50 (filter element) [ 13 20] 5 (surface type) 519
(bypass) (gasket) (ratio of air to filter media) (baffling system) (quiet zone) ANSI [ 13 20] (pressure regulator) [ 13 21] A B ( ) C (diaphragm) D (main valve) E (aspirator tube) F D H C 520
DE C H CE D (valve stem) J B ANSI [ 13 21] (lubricator) (moving parts) [ 13 22] (sight dome) (drip tube) 521
(oil mist) 20 ft 300 ft 522
(mist generator) (bowl) (siphon tube) (adjustment screw) (bowl pressure control valve) (mainstream) (reservoir) (fill plug) (refilling) ANSI [ 13 22] [ 13 23] [ 13 24] (filter regulator lubricator unit: FRL) ANSI [ 13 23] [ 13 24] 523
2 2 (pneumatic indicator) [ 13 25(a)] 180 (panel) (pilot light) (spring return) (single inputspring return mode) (two input maintained mode) [ 13 25(b)] () 0 5 30 psi25 150 psi45 150 psi 524
(0 52545 psi) 1 (pneumatic exhaust silencer) (exhaust muffler) (sound energy) (pneumatic silencer) [ 13 26] (exhaust silencer) 525
( 80~100 F) [ 13 27] (baffles) (chiller air dryer) 85 % (air dryer) (chemical air dryer) (pallet) (adsorption dryer) (activated alumina) (silica gel) (bed) 526
(refrigeration dryer) (dew point) (chiller dryer) [ 13 28] (chiller air dryer) 40 F 527
13.6 (relative humidity) 100 % (dew point) ( ) [ 13 29] 80 F14 7 psia(0 ) 1 000 ft 3 1 58 lb 1 58 528
80 F (0 ) Y 1 000 ft 3 100 psig 80 F () 0 2 lb 0 2 X 100 psig 80 F Y 0 2 1 000 ft 3 1 58 lb 1 38 lb (87 3 %) 529
100 psig100 scfm 80 F a 8 b 80 F? c 40 F? a[ 13 29] 1 000 ft 3 1 58 lb (moisture rate) (lb/min) = (lb/ft 3 ) scfm(ft 3 /min) 8 34 lb/gal (gal/day) b[ 13 29] 80 F ( ) 1 000 ft 3 () 0 2lb (1 58 0 20)/1 58 0 873 87 3 % (gal/day) c[ 13 29] 1 000 ft 3 () 0 05 lb 96 8 % 530
40 F 40 F ( ) 0 29 gal/day 35 F 13.7 8 (13 10)(13 10M) (13 10) (13 10M) Q = (scfm m 3 /min) C v = (flow capacity constant) p 1 = (psiakpa abs) p 2 = (psiakpa abs) T 1 = ( RK) p 2 0 53 p 1 ( p 2 p 1 53 % ) (choked) p 2 0 53 p 1 531
p 1 p 2 p 2 0 53 p 1 (13 10) (13 10M) (13 10)(13 10M) p 2 /p 1 53 % 100 psia 53 psia 53 psia 100 psia 53 psia 53 psia (13 10) (13 10M) p 2 0 53p 1 p 1 p 1 /p 2 1/0 53( 1 89) p 1 1 89p 2 p 1 1 89p 2 C v (Q) (T 1 ) (p 1 p 2 ) (p 2 ) (C v ) (13 10) (13 10M) (13 10) (13 10M) C v C v C v 1 2 in 7 4 80 F 80 psi scfm? 532
(p 2 =0 53p 1 ) (13 10) = 341 scfm () 13.8 (air control valves) (pressure control valve) (air line regulator) (working pressure) (pressure regulator) [ 13 30] ( 13 5 ) T T [ 13 31] (check valve) (cracking pressure) 533
(fittings) [ 13 32(a)] (shuttle valve) 534
(sleeve port) 1 5 psig 535
[ 13 32(b)] 1 [ 13 32(c)] ANSI [ 13 33] ( )2 536
(normally open) (normally closed) [ 13 34] 3 4 (open exhaust four way) (push button) (directional control valve) 3 3 4 3 2 5lb 537
[ 13 35] (palm button) [ 13 36] (roller lever) (limit valve) 3 4 [ 13 37] (hand lever operated) 4 2 3 538
(detents) [ 13 38] 42(solenoid operated) (solenoid operator) 2 3 (flow control valve) [ 13 39] (stem) (thumb latch pawl) 539
(bonnet) 90 (13 10) (13 10) Cv [ 13 11] 100 psig 50 scfm 80 F 12 psi (C )? T 1 80 460 540 R 540
P 2 100 14 7 114 7psia C v (13 10) C 1 38 C 1 38 C 1 38 13.9 [ 13 40] 200 psi (pressure energized) U (U cup seal) (end plate) (self aligning) N (Buna N seal) (cushion) (self locking needle) 20 in (stroke) [ 13 41] (rotary index table) 541
542
90604530 15 [ 13 42] 100 psi 100 10 000 in lb (rotary actuator) 94 184 364 (stop) (rotary air motor) (stall) [ 13 43] 100 psi 1 7 hp (self sealing) 3 000 rpm (housing cam ring) 250 F (mixing equipmnet) 543
544
(tension device) [ 13 44] [ 13 43] 5 0 250 rpm 250 rpm 3 000 rpm ( 0 ) ( ) 100 psi 3 000 rpm 72 cfm [ 13 45] 5 5 (power impulse) (power stroke) 100 psi 15 hp 545
[ 13 46] 100 psi 3hp 5 [ 13 47] 100 psig(687kpa gage) scfm m 3 /min 1 75 in 6in 80 F 100 psig 30 cycles/min scfm(14 7 psia68 F cfm) 100 psig80 F (Q 2 ) Q 2 (ft 3 /min) = (ft 3 ) (cycle/min) = (ft 2 ) (ft) (cycle/min) = 546
(Q 1 ) scfm (13 7) (68 F) (80 F) 1 2% 196. 2 191. 3100% 191. 180 F 21 % 547
[ 13 12] (reciprocation rate)? a = 44 5mm b = 152 mm c( ) = 687 kpa gage27 C d =0 0555 m 3 /min (101 kpa abs20 C m 3 /min) 687 kpa gage27 C Q 2 (13 7) Q 2 Q 2 (m 3 /min) = (m 2 ) (m) (cycle/min) 0 00728 = 4 (0 0445) 2 0 152 reciprate(cycle/min) = 30 cycle/min 548
13.10 : (psia) (psig) 14 7 (13 1) : (Pa abs) (Pa gage) 101 000 (13 1M) : ( R) ( F) 460 (13 2) : (K) ( C) 273 (13 2M) : (13 6) : (13 7) : : (13 8) : (13 8M) : : (HP) (13 9) : (kw) (13 9M) p in (psiakpa abs) p out (psiakpa abs) Q (scfmm 3 /min) : : (13 10) :Q( m 3 /min) (13 10M) 549
13 1 13 2? 13 3 13 4 13 5 (multistage compressor)? 13 6 13 7 13 8? 13 9? 13 10? 13 11? 13 12 (dew point)? 13 13? 13 14? 13 15 13 16 13 17 13 18 : E M 13 19E 13 20E [ 13 6] 2in (p 1 = 30 psigv 1 =20in 3 ) 5 in p 2 [ 13 6] p 1 = 30 psigv 1 =20in 3 550
80 F 150 F V 2 13 21E [ 13 6] (V 1 = ) p 1 = 30 psigt 1 =80 F 160 F? 13 22E [ 13 9] 2 000 in 3 1 200 psig120 F 250 F 1 500 in 3? 13 23M [ 13 6] 50 mm (p 1 =2 bar gage V 1 =130 cm 3 ) 130 mm p 2 13 24M [ 13 6] p 1 =2 bar gagev 1 =130 cm 3 30 C 65 C V 2 13 25M [ 13 6] (V 1 = ) p 1 = 2 bar gage T 1 =25 C 70 C? 13 26M [ 13 9] 1 290 cm 3 80 bar gage50 C 120 C 1 000 cm 3? 13 27 160 F 13 28E 100 F150 psi 30 cfm 14 7 psia 80 F cfm? 551
13 29E a100 120 psi 10 30 scfm b 6 scfm? 13 30M 40 C1 000 Kpa gage 1 0m 3 /min 101 kpa abs 20 C m 3 /min( m 3 /min)? 13 31M 13 29E a b 13 32E 120 psig 200 scfm 72 % 13 33M a 20 kw b 75 % c 4 m 3 /min d 100 kpa abs 13 34E 13 35E 125 psig50 scfm 80 F 16 a b 80 F? c 40 F? 85 %? 90 F 90 F 552
13 36E in 7 100 F 125 psi scfm? 13 37M 10 m 3 /min 400 kpa abs 180 kpa abs? 13 38E 2in 12 in 100 psig 30 scfm 13 39M 6cm 30 cm 700 kpa 30 m 3 /min 13 40M 50 mm 2 5 cm 600 kpa 80 cycle/min 100 m 3 13 41E 2in 12 in 100 psig 200 cycle/min scfm? 13 42E 4in 3 /rev 100 psig 1 750 rpm scfm hp 13 43M 80 cm 3 /rev 700 kpa 1 750 rpm m 3 /min kw 13 44E 12 000 lb [ 13 48] 1 5 in =8in =1in 553
= 2 in = 1 stroke/s a b c d e fscfm 13 45M 13 44 a f 554