- 2001. 9 (nhcyang@kaeri.re.kr)
1....., PCB, POPs (persistent organic pollutants) sludge,.. (non-thermal alternative oxidation technology) Delphy Detox, (Direct Chemical Oxidation), (Acid Digestion) (thermal alternative oxidation technology) (Steam Reforming) (Catalytic Chemical Oxidation),. 2. (Alternative Oxidation Technologies: AOTs), (free oxygen). (flue gas), (Products of Recombinations PRs) (PCDD/Fs),,, (semi-volatile).
.. [1]. - (products of incomplete combustion: PICs), (products of recombination: PRs) - ( ) -, - DOE shutdown. MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology), DOE 3 MACT (trial burn). AOTs PCDD/Fs( ), HCl/Cl 2, CO THC(Total Hydrocarbon) MACT(Maximum Achievable Control Technology). AOTs niche waste. (Mixed Waste: / ). AOTs DOE
... AOT niche..,,.. 1995,, [1, 2].. DOE SRS (Savannah River Site) Delphi DETOX (acid digestion), LLNL(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) (direct chemical oxidation) [3-6].. LBNL(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) (nonflame thermal technology) (Catalytic Chemical Oxidation: CCO), (steam reforming) DOE [7-8]. Montana Butte MSE, inc. (low-flow) Phoenix Unit Thermatrix Unit., [1]. 3. (Nonthermal Alternative Oxidation Technology)
. Delphi DETOX [1, 2, 3] New Mexico Albuquerque Delphi Research DETOX 1.. 150-250 C. Pt Ru FeCl 3 (reagent solution).. Fe(II) + O 2 + H 2 O + e - = Fe(III) + 2OH - (1) PCB 98.9%, 99.999%. 20-200 psig, (working fluid). 25 kg/h ( ). 1998 (1), (2) (combustible debris) (3) (organic sludge) (4) (5) scintillation fluids Trimsol. DETOX. 190-L 5-25 kg/h.. (Direct Chemical Oxidation: DCO) [1, 2, 4] LLNL DCO (aqueous based technology). peroxydisulfate salts ( sodium
ammonium).. (net). S 2 O 8 2- + (Organics) = 2HSO 4- + (CO 2, H 2 O, inorganic residues) (2) peroxydisulfate. ammonium peroxydisulfate, oxyfluoride. Peroxydisulfate oxidation potential. 80-100 C, PVC peroxydisulfate 140-180 C. (chlorinated organic liquid) bench-scale (DCO system) LLNL. (hydrolysis reaction).. DCO. LLNL. 300 kg, acetic acid, formamide, ethylene glycol, trybutyl posphate, methyl chloroform, carbon tetra chloride carbon. LLNL. DCO.,,, (water-insoluble oil) (grease), charcoal filter media, incinerator chars tars,,,,,, /.
, Glove Box, (propellants). Ammonium peroxysulfate. scale.. (A id Digestion) [1, 2, 5] SRS acid digestion (nitric-phosphoric acid),, (resins) (munitions)., carrier. (retention). NO 2 NO (organic radical). CH 3 (CH)CH 2 + NO 2 CH 3 (OH)CH + HNO 2 (3) 130-180 C,., 1.. 3. 0-5 psig 130-150 C. Polystyrene 175 C 5-10. NO NO 2 NO x 100 ppm. 4. (Thermal AOT Technology). (Steam Reforming) [1, 2. 7]. C n H 2n+2 + n H 2 O nco + (2n+1)H 2 (5) CO.
CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 (6) CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O (7) steam reforming (inorganic nitrates).. : (1) (300-800 C). (2) 1200 C (synthetic gas). 4 thermochem Na 2 CO 3 ( ) 550-600 C. Thermatrix (flameless thermal oxidizer),. dry salts, bag house (HEPA filter). PCB (destruction and removal efficiency) 99.9999%.. [Catalytic Chemical Oxidation: CCO) [1, 2, 8] (CCO) (high-temperature, non-flame process). (life science) (biomedical study) (H-3).,. 5 CCO (preheater), (oxidation chamber),. 450-750 C. (treatability study) 99.999% DRE ( ).
5. 5.,,. 1. W. E. Schwinkendore, B. C. Musgrave, and R. N. Drake, "Evaluation of Alternative Nonflame Oxidation Technologies for Destruction of Hazardous Organics Waste," INEL/EXT-97-00123, INEL (1997) 2. DOE/EM-0322, "Summary of Comparative Results: Integrated Nonthermal Treatment and Integrated Thermal Treatment Systems Studies" (1996). 3. P. M. DHOOGE, S. D. GOLDBLATT, J. E. MOSLANDER, D. T. ROBERSTON, T. W. ROGERS, AND J. A. ZIGMOND, "Engineering Development and Demonstration of DETOX SM Wet Oxidation for Mixed Waste Treatment," WM'97 Proceedings, Tucson, Arisona (1997). 4. J. F. COOPER, F. WANG, R. KREUGER, K. KING, J. C. FARMER, AND M. ADAMSON, "Destruction of Organic Wastes by Ammonium Peroxydisulfate with Electrolytic Regeneration of the Oxidant," UCRL-JC-121979-Rev 2(1996) 5. R. A. PIERCE AND J. R. SMITH, "Nitric-Phosphoric Acid Oxidation of Organic Waste Materials," WSRC-MS-95-0080 (1995). 6. R. A. PIERCE, C. A. CICERO, AND W. G. RAMSEY, "Mixed Acid Remediation and Stablization of Low Level Waste from the Nuclear Industry," Presented at the ACS I&EC Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VIII, Birmingham, Alabama (1996). 7. G. E. VOELKER, W. G. STEEDMAN, AND R. R. CHANDRAN, "Steam Reforming of Low Level Mixed Waste," DOE/FETC conference entitled "Industry Partnerships to Deploy Environmental Technology," Morgantown, West Virginia (1997). 8. L. Y. CHANG, C. THAN, H. MORIMOTO, AND P. G. WILLIAMS, "Tritiated Mixed Waste: Why Can't We Deal With It?-Catalytic Oxidation of Tritiated Mixed Waste. Presented at the ASME 4th Mixed Waste Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland (1997).
Fig. 1. DETOX SM Wet Oxidation Process
Fig. 2. Process Flow Diagram of DCO(direct chemical oxidation) system
Fig. 3. Process Flow Diagram of Acid Digestion Process
Fig. 4. Process Flow Diagram of Catalytic Chemical Oxidation Process
Fig. 5. Process Flow Diagram of Steam Reforming Process