오천환 이용기 이수문 임한수 박관서 권경안 이재성대기조사팀 Cheon-Hwan Oh, Yong-Ki Lee, Soo-Moon Lee, Han-Su Lim, Kwan-Seo Park, Kyung-Ahn Kwon and Jae-Sung Lee Ambient Air Research Team - 1 -
1. 서론 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구자료 Group VOCs Compounds Isobutyl alcohol, isobutyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, benzene, toluene, butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, isopropylbenzene, orthoxylene, n-propylbenzene, orthoethyltoluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, styrene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, m-diethyl benzene, p-diethyl benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethyl pentane, n-heptane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2-methyl heptane, methyl cyclohexane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-undecane and n-dodecane 2.2 시료채취및분석방범 - 2 -
Table 2, Table 3. Compounds Methyl ethyl linearity(3 points Precision (10 ppb, (1~100 ppb) 3 times) Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and Minimum Detection Limit (7 times) 10 ppb and ketone Result 0.9850 1.98 0.82 Methyl isobutyl Standard 0.98 and over 10 % 이내 10 ppb and ketone Result 0.9820 2.27 0.81 Toluene Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and 10 ppb and Instrument Analytical conditions Butyl acetate Result 0.9920 1.29 0.69 10 ppb and Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and Result 0.9880 2.32 0.86 GC/FID (Varian, CP-3800) TD 2.3 정도관리 Column : VF - 1ms (60 m 0.25 mm, 1.0 μm ) Oven Temp : 45 (15 min), 5 /min 170 15 /min 200 (12 min) Total 54 min FID : 250 (Range = 12, AZ = Yes) Make up = 29 ml/min, H2 Air = 300 ml/min Unity air server Cold trap :Hydrophobic Concentration Temp:-10 DesorbTemp:300, Desorb time: 5min = 30 ml/min Samping flow : 25 ml/min 40 min Carrier pressure : 20 psi 10 ppb and Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and mp-xylene Result 0.9870 2.38 1.65 1 ppb and Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and Styrene Result 0.9860 2.48 0.94 Standard 0.98 and over 10 % and 10 ppb and o-xylene Result 0.9820 2.25 0.86 3. 결과및고찰 - 3 -
Concentration Butyl Ethyl Benzene Toluene (ppb) acetate benzene 0.0 ~ 0.5 1420 1819 2896 1514 0.6 ~ 1.0 2771 609 1914 1444 1.1 ~ 2.0 3266 794 2492 2361 2.1 ~ 3.0 463 456 535 1356 3.1 ~ 4.0 76 404 113 562 4.1 ~ 5.0 14 390 28 262 5.1 ~ 10.0 9 1397 29 401 10.1 ~ 20.0 0 1243 9 90 20.1 ~ 50.0 0 781 3 28 50.1 ~ 100.0 0 115 0 1 100.1 ~ 300.0 0 12 0 0 Concentration (ppb) Xylene Styrene Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone 0.0 ~ 0.5 2003 1437 2521 4638 0.6 ~ 1.0 1353 1204 386 1664 1.1 ~ 2.0 1297 2801 759 1229 2.1 ~ 3.0 634 1566 437 279 3.1 ~ 4.0 501 533 404 94 4.1 ~ 5.0 500 239 416 45 5.1 ~ 10.0 1390 187 1527 61 10.1 ~ 20.0 280 42 1015 7 20.1 ~ 50.0 52 10 488 1 50.1 ~ 100.0 9 0 63 1 100.1 ~ 300.0 0 0 3 0-4 -
Shihwa Monitoring Station Compounds (n=8019) (ppb) Average Maximum Benzene 1.03 6.27 Toluene 8.22 258.41 Butyl acetate 0.92 24.81 Ethylbenzene 1.99 64.14 Xylene 2.93 85.06 Styrene 1.74 42.16 Methyl ethyl ketone 6.16 139.01 Shiheung City 3.1.1 시간대별농도분포 Compounds (ppb) Jungwang2-dong (n=96) Jungwangbon-dong (n=96) Average Maximum Average Maximum Benzene 0.73 4.08 0.63 4.75 Toluene 15.40 72.75 7.68 44.40 Butyl acetate 1.01 5.17 0.51 5.26 Ethylbenzene 1.79 8.59 0.82 8.06 m,p-xylene 3.52 23.18 1.52 12.84 Styrene 0.39 13.13 0.67 52.44 Methyl ethyl ketone 4.34 26.70 5.12 42.90 o-xylene 0.99 5.94 0.64 21.52-5 -
Time Benzene Toluene Butylacetate Ethylbe nzene Xylene Styrene Methylethyl ketone 1 0.98 7.20 0.79 1.77 2.78 1.65 4.76 2 1.00 7.13 0.74 1.79 2.75 1.58 4.71 3 0.99 6.54 0.75 1.81 2.88 1.56 4.95 4 0.96 6.58 0.71 1.71 2.65 1.52 4.76 5 0.93 6.34 0.72 1.59 2.41 1.40 4.51 6 0.92 6.48 0.72 1.54 2.48 1.39 4.38 7 0.91 6.81 0.66 1.47 2.46 1.35 5.01 8 0.92 5.80 0.67 1.34 2.09 1.21 4.64 9 1.00 6.11 0.67 1.43 2.25 1.21 5.02 10 1.00 7.24 0.75 1.51 2.36 1.26 5.12 11 1.02 8.94 0.82 1.72 2.75 1.45 6.39 12 0.98 9.86 0.89 1.89 3.13 1.58 6.43 13 0.90 8.01 0.85 1.76 2.51 1.47 6.46 14 0.86 7.69 0.82 1.64 2.39 1.38 5.94 15 0.88 7.94 0.94 1.73 2.60 1.51 5.43 16 0.87 7.66 0.92 2.06 2.78 1.60 6.24 17 0.87 8.86 0.98 2.54 3.18 1.72 6.45 18 0.87 7.68 0.99 2.17 2.72 1.71 6.79 19 0.88 7.84 1.02 2.16 2.78 1.85 6.72 20 0.91 9.10 1.02 2.20 2.77 2.07 7.03 21 0.94 8.30 0.98 2.20 3.25 2.18 6.70 Compounds (ppb) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 22 1.01 7.73 0.96 2.03 2.92 1.96 6.13 23 0.98 8.12 0.91 1.94 2.79 1.91 5.87 24 0.96 7.01 0.87 1.86 2.71 1.70 5.02 Benzene 0.90 0.88 0.93 0.89 0.92 1.02 1.03 Toluene 5.23 7.70 8.01 6.57 8.23 9.17 7.85 3.1.2 요일별농도분포 Butyl acetate 0.64 0.81 0.91 0.83 0.88 0.95 0.87 Ethylbenzene 1.66 1.66 1.55 1.55 2.01 2.17 2.18 Xylene 2.29 2.53 2.29 2.41 2.66 3.33 3.27 Styrene 1.30 1.37 1.64 1.56 1.66 1.83 1.79 Methyl ethyl ketone 3.20 6.23 7.41 5.93 5.86 5.88 4.99 3.1.3 계절별농도분포 - 6 -
Compounds (ppb) 봄 여름 가을 겨울 Benzene 0.68 0.80 1.32 0.98 Toluene 7.46 9.53 5.27 8.00 Butyl acetate 1.11 0.49 0.84 0.94 Ethylbenzene 2.03 2.00 1.71 1.57 Xylene 1.44 1.50 2.01 1.43 Styrene 1.53 3.42 4.65 1.09 Methyl ethyl ketone 6.51 5.29 1.05 9.98-7 -
Dose and reaction data Carcinogenic VOCs Main symptom grade Tumor Exposure type Path Factor Distribution Type and contents Benzene A Lymphocyte cell reduction, and immune thrombocytopenia Leukemia Inhalation Pollutant Concentration Lognormal measurement data Toluene Ethylbenzene D D Central nervous system disorder, growth inactivity, growth retardation, and kidney weight increase Central nerve suppression and growth toxicity - - - - Daily Respiration Rate Average Exposure Frequency Exposure Period 20 m3/day EPA Min= 180, max 365 likeliest 345 EPA 70 year (Korea National Statistical Office) Styrene 2B IRAC Central nervous system disorde Body Weight 60 kg (Korea National Statistical Office) Methylethyl ketone - Growth toxicity (bone change) - - Average Exposure Time 25,550 day (70 365day) 인체노출량 (LADD ; mg/kg/day) = 오염도 단위환산계수 일일호흡률 노출빈도 노출기간 ( μg /m 3 ) (0.001mg/ μg ) (m 3 /day) (day/year) (year) 체중 기대수명 평균노출시간 ( kg ) (year) (day/year) - 8 -
Air unit risk inhalation RfC Carcinogenic VOCs grade ug/m 3 mg/m 3 Benzene A 2.2 ~7.8 10-6 per 0.06 Toluene D - 5.0 Ethylbenzene D - 1.0 Styrene 2B IRAC - 0.1 개인초과발암위해도 = 현오염도수준 ( μg /m3 ) 단위위해도추계치 [( μg /m 3 )-1] 위험값 = 인체노출량 (mg/kg/day) 호흡참고치 (mg/m 3 ) 체중 (kg) / 일일호흡율 (m 3 /day) Xylenes - 0.1 Methyl ethyl ketone - 5.0-9 -
Statistics: 발암위해도 Trials 10,000 Mean 8.39E-06 Median Standard Deviation 8.22E-06 1.71E-06 5% 5.84E-06 50% 8.20E-06 Percentiles 75% 9.42E-06 90% 1.06E-05 95% 1.15E-05 97.5% 1.22E-05-10 -
Percentiles Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene Xylene Methylethlyketone 5% 8.98E-07 1.45E-06 1.35E-05 2.08E-05 4.12E-07 10% 1.04E-06 1.65E-06 1.50E-05 2.37E-05 5.03E-07 25% 1.35E-06 2.03E-06 1.83E-05 2.94E-05 6.95E-07 50% 1.79E-06 2.57E-06 2.24E-05 3.76E-05 9.95E-07 75% 2.36E-06 3.25E-06 2.75E-05 4.80E-05 1.41E-06 90% 3.03E-06 3.99E-06 3.32E-05 5.99E-05 1.96E-06 95% 3.53E-06 4.50E-06 3.69E-05 6.80E-05 2.37E-06 97.5% 4.05E-06 5.00E-06 4.05E-05 7.57E-05 2.74E-06 4. 결론시화공단에설치한악취측정소의 2010. 7. 1 ~ 2011. 6.30 까지 24시간연속측정자료를 VOCs 33 항목을대상으로하여대기오염유해물질의특성을시간대별, 요일별, 계절별로분석하고인체건강위해성평가를크리스탈볼소프트웨어를이용하여몬테카를로시뮤레이션한결과발암위해도와비발암위해도지수에대하여다음과같은결론을얻었다. - 11 -
공단지역은다른지역과달리유해대기오염에대한오염원을비교적명확하게알수있는지역이다. 본연구에서벤젠의발암위해도평가결과 EPA 기준인 10-6 허용위해도를초과하였다. 따라서발암위해도를효과적이고낮은비용으로감소시키기위한포괄적인위해도관리모형을제시하여오염도개선대책을적극시행하여야할것으로판단된다. 특정유해물질은극미량으로도인체에치명적인영향을줄수있으므로오염예방의원칙에기초하여관리대책수립하여야한다. 다음에건강위해도가큰물질과대형배출원에대한관리대책이필요하며현재이용가능한최고의방지기술을적용하여배출원을관리하는것이필요한것으로판단된다. 참고문헌 - 12 -