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Transcription:

Counter Pulse Generator TRX(Thyratron) Oscilloscope Pump Chamber Power Supply

Oscilloscope Controller Inductor High Voltage Pulse Generator

(-) 펄스폭:-0.5uS, 승압비:-1:2(GND) (-) 펄스폭:-2uS, 승압비:-1:1(GND) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) 펄스폭:-1uS, 승압비:-1:2(GND) (-) 펄스폭:-4uS, 승압비:-1:1(GND) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) 펄스폭:-1.5uS, 승압비:-1:2(GND) (-) 펄스폭:-6uS, 승압비:-1:1(GND) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) 펄스폭:-2uS, 승압비:-1:2(GND) (-) 펄스폭:-8uS, 승압비:-1:1(GND) (-) OUTPUT (+) (-) OUTPUT (+)

저온살균-1605 SHUNT 전압,전류계 RELAY-2 방전저항 입 력 CAPACITOR RELAY START SMPS Off Key On PG CON'T FAN FAN H.V CON'T R POWER READY E-STOP OFF PS CON'T STOP PS(start) 전압,전류계

A--A Electrode Orifice site 6 site 4 site 2 thickness A A Electrode

High Field Treatment Zone Co-Fields Flow Tubular Treatment Chamber High Field Treatment Zone Inside of Chamber

14 12 10 V or I ratio 8 6 4 2 0 site 0 site 2 Location / cm site 4 site 6 site 8 10 30 50 70 90 110 Time /second

70 60 50 Temperature 40 30 20 10 0 site 0 site 1 site 2 site 3 Location / cm site 4 site 5 site 6 site 7 site 8 10 110 120 100 80 90 70 60 Time /second 50 40 30 20

붉게 염색된 세포수 총세포수

붉게 염색된 세포수 처리 후 를 넣어염색된세포수 총세포수

0.08 0.06 Absorbance( 260 nm ) 0.04 0.02 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Electric fields strength( kv/cm )

1 Survival Fraction(N/No) 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 10 20 30 40 50 Electric fields strength(kv/cm)

100 Percentage of poration(p) or recovery(r) (%) 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Electric fields strength ( kv/cm )

80 Total carotenoid conc. (μs/g of dried yeast) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1000 2000 3000 T i ( )

100 Total carotenoid conc. (μg/g of dried yeast) 90 80 70 60 50 40 50 60 70 80 90 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

A: Raw x100 B: Raw x500 C: Treated x100 D: Treated x500

650 600 Yields(mg pigments/g dry sample) 550 500 450 400 Control (nontreated) 10 20 25 30 35 40 Electric fields strength(kv/cm)

650 600 Yields(mg pigments/g dry sample) 550 500 450 400 Control (nontreated) 100 300 500 700 1000 Frequency(Hz)

650 600 Yields(mg pigments/g dry sample) 550 500 450 400 Control (nontreated) 100 200 300 400 500 treatment time (μs) 3000

A B C D

1E+00 1E-01 Survival fraction(n/no) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 Ec 1E-05 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Electric fields strength(kv/cm)

1E+00 1E-01 Survival fraction(n/no) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 tc 1E-05 1E-06 1E-05 1E-04 Treatment time(t)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs) Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs)

1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 50 55 60 65 70 Treatment time(μs ) 1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 50 55 60 65 70 Treatment time(μs )

1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs) 1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs)

1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs) 1.E+00 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 0 50 100 150 200 Treatment time(μs)

1.E+00 1.E-01 Survivor fraction(n/no) 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 20 30 40 50 Temperature( )

8 7 6 ph 5 4 3 2 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

8 7 6 ph 5 4 3 2 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

10 9 8 Brix(%) 7 6 5 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

10 9 8 7 Brix(%) 6 5 4 3 2 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

6 5 Titratable acid(%) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

6 5 Titratable acid(%) 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

45 40 Color(L value) 35 30 25 20 15 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

45 40 Color(L value) 35 30 25 20 15 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

25 20 Color(a value) 15 10 5 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

25 20 Color(a value) 15 10 5 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

50 45 Color(b value) 40 35 30 25 20 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

50 45 Color(b value) 40 35 30 25 20 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

5 4 α-carotene(re/ml) 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

5 4 α-carotene(re/ml ) 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

11 10 9 8 β -carotene(re/ml ) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

11 10 9 8 β -carotene(re/ml) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

1.E+10 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 Viable cell(cfu/ml ) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

1.E+10 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 Viable cell(cfu/ml ) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 Viable cell(cfu/ml) 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 Viable cell(cfu/ml ) 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Storage time(day)

적정산도 적정량 시료량

산도 젖산 적정량 역가 시료량

1E+00 1E-01 Survivability (N/No) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 Ec = 27 kv/cm 1E-08 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 30kV/cm 40kV/cm 50kV/cm

1E+00 1E-01 Survivability (N/No) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Treatment time (μs) 30kV/cm 40kV/cm 50kV/cm

1E+00 1E-01 Survivability (N/No) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Treatment time (μs) 30kV/cm 40kV/cm 50kV/cm

1E+00 1E-01 Survivability (N/No) 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Treatment time (μs) 35kV/cm 45kV/cm 50kV/cm

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 Ec 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Electric fields strength(kv/cm) Total aerobes Lactic acid bacteria Yeast

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 k 1 k 2 10-3 10-4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Pulse number

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Pulse number

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Pulse number

10 6 Viable cell count (CFU/mL) 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 No survival 0 2 4 6 8 10 Storage time (week) Control, total aerobes 40kV/cm, 3000μs PEF treated Control, yeast 50kV/cm, 2000μs PEF treated

4 3 ph 2 1 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) 35 kv/cm, 250 pulses (4 ) Control (30 ) 35 kv/cm, 250 pulses (30 )

Titratable acidity (% lactic acid) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) 35 kv/cm, 250 pulses (4 ) Control (30 ) 35 kv/cm, 250 pulses (30 )

10 8 10 7 Viable cell count (CFU/ml) 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) PEF treated (4 ) Control (30 ) PEF treated (30 )

10 8 10 7 Viable cell count (CFU/ml) 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) Control (30 ) PEF treated(4 ) PEF treated(30 )

10 0 10-1 Survivability (N/No) 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Treatment time (μs) 20kV/cm 30kV/cm 25kV/cm 35kV/cm

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 Ec = 16.0 kv/cm 10-5 0 10 20 30 40 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 500μs 1000μs 2000μs

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Treatment time (μs) 20kV/cm 30kV/cm 25kV/cm 35kV/cm

10 0 10-1 Survivability (N/No) 10-2 10-3 10-4 Ec = 16.9 kv/cm 10-5 0 10 20 30 40 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 500μs 1000μs 2000μs

10 0 Survivability (N/No) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Treatment time (μs) 25kV/cm 30kV/cm 35kV/cm

10 0 10-1 Survivability (N/No) 10-2 10-3 10-4 Ec = 19.3 kv/cm 10-5 0 10 20 30 40 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 500μs 1000μs 2000μs

5 4 ph 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 Storage time (week) Control 30kV/cm,6000μs 35kV/cm,5000μs

Titratable acidity (% lactic acid) 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 Storage time (week) Control 30 kv/cm, 6000 μs 35 kv/cm, 5000 μs

10 7 Viable cell count (CFU/mL) 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 ~ ~ No survival 0 2 4 6 8 10 Storage time (week) Total aerobes Lactic acid bacteria Yeast 30kV/cm, 6000μs 35kV/cm, 5000μs

10 0 10-1 A 10-2 10-3 10-4 Ec = 7.5 kv/cm 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Survivability (N/No) 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 B Ec = 8.5 kv/cm 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 0 10-1 C 10-2 10-3 Ec = 6.5 kv/cm 10-4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Electric field strength (kv/cm) A : Total aerobes C : Yeasts B : Lactic acid bacteria

10 0 Total 10-1 aerobes 10-2 10-3 Survivability (N/No) 10-4 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 0 Lactic acid bacteria 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 0 Yeast 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Pulse number 12.5kV/cm 25.0kV/cm

0-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6-7 -8-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ln (n) 12.5 kv/cm : Total aerobes 25.0 kv/cm : Total aerobes Lactic acid bacteria Lactic acid bacteria Yeasts Yeasts

4 3 ph 2 1 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) PEF treated (4 ) Control (30 ) PEF treated (30 )

Titratable acidity (% lactic acid) 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 Storage time (week) Control (4 ) PEF treated (4 ) Control (30 ) PEF treated (30 )

10 3 Viable cell count (CFU/ml) 10 2 10 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Storage time (week) Control: Total aerobes PEF treated: Total aerobes Lactic acid bacteria Lactic acid bacteria Yeast Yeast

10 6 Viable cell count (CFU/ml) 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Storage time (week) Control: Total aerobes PEF treated: Total aerobes Lactic acid bacteria Lactic acid bacteria Yeast Yeast

0.0-0.2 Log (N/No) -0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2-1.4 20 30 40 50 kv 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Frequency (Hz)

0.0-0.2 Log (N/No) -0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2-1.4 20 30 40 50 kv 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time (μs)

0.0-0.2-0.4 Log (N/No) -0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2-1.4-1.6 20 30 40 50 kv 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time (μs)

0.0-0.2 Log (N/No) -0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2 20 30 40 50 kv 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time (μs)

0.0-0.2 Log (N/No) -0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.2 D PEF -value -1.4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time (μs)

4.0 3.5 3.0 Log D PEF 2.5 2.0 1.5 z PEF -value 1.0 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

1.2 1.0 0.8 N/No 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Recycle number Bacteria Yeast Lactic acid bacteria

0.0-0.5-1.0 Log(N/No) -1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5-1.0 Log(N/No) -1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5-1.0 Log(N/No) -1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

Log(N/No) 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5-5.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5-1.0 Log(N/No) -1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5-5.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5-1.0 Log(N/No) -1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0-4.5-5.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-1.0-2.0 Log (N/No) -3.0-4.0-5.0-6.0-7.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

4.0 3.5 3.0 Log DPEF 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 z PEF -value 0.5 0.0 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

11 10 9 8 log 3 FD log 3 FD 7 6 5 4 3 4 7 3 2 1 5 9 8 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 Retention Index

11 10 9 8 log 3 FD log 3 FD 7 6 5 4 3 4 7 3 2 1 6 5 9 10 8 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 Retention Index

11 10 9 8 7 log 3 FD log 3 FD 6 5 4 3 4 7 3 2 12 5 6 8 10 1 9 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 Retention Index

2.0 Titratable acidity (% lactic acid) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (week) 4 -control 25 -control 30 -control 4 -PEF 25 -PEF 30 -PEF

2.0 Turbidity (O.D.at 660nm) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (week) 4 -control 25 -control 30 -control 4 -PEF 25 -PEF 30 -PEF

7.0 6.0 Log N (CFU/mL) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (week) 4 -control 25 -control 30 -control 4 -PEF 25 -PEF 30 -PEF

7.0 6.0 Log N (CFU/mL) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (week) 4 -control 25 -control 30 -control 4 -PEF 25 -PEF 30 -PEF

7.0 6.0 Log N (CFU/mL) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Time (week) 4 -control 25 -control 30 -control 4 -PEF 25 -PEF 30 -PEF

0.0-0.5 Log (N/No) -1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 0 500 1000 1500 Frequecy (Hz) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5 Log (N/No) -1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5 Log (N/No) -1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5 Log (N/No) -1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs) 40 kv/cm 30 kv/cm 20 kv/cm

0.0-0.5 Log (N/No) -1.0-1.5-2.0 D PEF -value -2.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Cumulative treatment time(μs)

4.5 4.0 Log (D PEF ) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 z PEF -value 1.5 1.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

12 10 Brix (%) 8 6 4 2 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 Time (min) 40 50 60 70

100 90 80 70 60 Sterilization (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 Frequency (Hz) 1500 50 kv 40 kv 30 kv Electric field strength 20 kv

0.14 Log (N/No) -0.21-0.56-0.91-1.27-1.62-1.97-2.33 1500-2.68 1000-3.03 50 40 30 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 20 0 500 Frequency (Hz)

100 90 80 70 60 Sterilization (%) 50 40 30 20 10 50 kv 40 kv 0 0 500 1000 Frequency (Hz) 1500 30 kv Electric field 20 kv strength

0.22-0.34 Log (N/No) -0.90-1.47-2.03-2.60-3.16-3.73 1500-4.29 1000-4.86 50 40 30 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 20 0 500 Frequency (Hz)

100 90 80 70 60 Sterilization (%) 50 40 30 20 10 50 kv 40 kv 0 0 500 1000 Frequency (Hz) 1500 30 kv 20 kv Electric field strength

0.23-0.23 Log (N/No) -0.70-1.16-1.62-2.09-2.55-3.02 1500-3.48 1000-3.95 50 40 30 Electric field strength (kv/cm) 20 0 500 Frequency (Hz)

0.0-1.0 Log (N/No) -2.0-3.0 D PEF -value -4.0-5.0 0 100 200 300 Cumulative treatment time (μs)

5.0 4.0 Log D PEF 3.0 2.0 z PEF -value 1.0 0.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

1E+07 Viable cell number (CFU/ml) 1E+06 1E+05 1E+04 1E+03 1E+02 (a) PEF treatment 0 20 40 Treatment time (μs) (b) Recovery 0 1 2 3 4 Recovery time (h)

0.8 0.6 Absorbance 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Treatment time (μs)

1.4 1.2 1 Absorbance 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Electric field strength (kv/cm)

100 80 K, Na release (% of total) 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Treatment time (μs)

6.9 6.8 6.7 ph 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 0.1 0.05 Δ ph 0-0.05-0.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Treatment time (μs)

100 1E+00 Glucose catabolized (% of initial concentration) 80 60 40 20 1E-01 1E-02 1E-03 1E-04 1E-05 1E-06 Survival fraction (N/No) 0 1E-07 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Treatment time (μs)

100 ATPase activity (% of untreated) 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Treatment time (μs)

Phosphatase alkaline Phosphatase alkaline Esterase Esterase Lipase Lipase Esterase Esterase Lipase Lipase Leucine arylamidase Leucine arylamidase Valine arylamidase Cystein arylamidase Valine arylamidase Cystein arylamidase Phosphatase acid α glucosidase glucosidase α mannosidase mannosidase Phosphatase acid Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohysrolase Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohysrolase

Data logger Data analyzer (computer) Power supply Thermocouples (type T) Stainless-steel electrode Product (10 10 10 cm) Cooling water circulator

250 200 Time (min). 150 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Voltage (V)

4 3 210V Current (A). 2 160V 110V 1 60V 0 0 50 100 150 200 Time (min)

Time (min). 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Frequence (Hz)

Time (min) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 60 110 160 210 Voltage (V) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Temperature ( )

3 40 Drip loss (%) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Water holding capacity (%). 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 W.I.T* 60 110 160 210 Voltage (V) 0 W.I.T* 60 110 160 210 Voltage (V)

50 50 40 40 Temperature ( ). 30 20 10 0-10 Temperature ( ). 30 20 10 0-10 -20-20 -30 0 100 200 300-30 0 100 200 300 Time (min.) Time (min.)

E-waveguide Tuner Circulator Luncher High voltage control Motor Thermocouple (type T) Data logger Data analyzer (computer) Sample Cavity

Temperature ( ) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Time (hr) Temperature ( ) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (hr) Temperature ( ) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time (hr)

Tempe rature ( ) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (min) Tempe rature ( ) 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20 0 30 60 90 Time (sec)

20 18 16 14 Drip Loss (%) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4 28 50 2,450 MHz* 915 MHz Thawing Method

80 70 Water Holding Capacity (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 28 50 2,450MHz* 915MHz Thawing Method

1.2 1 Drip loss (%) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 5 10 15 Power (kw)

Water holding capacity (%) 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 5 10 15 power (kw)

120 100 frozen at -20 frozen at -70 immersed in LN 2 Relative activity (%) 80 60 40 20 0 4 27 915 MHz MW Thawing method

120 100 frozen at -20 frozen at -70 immersed in LN 2 Relative activity (%) 80 60 40 20 0 4 27 915 MHz MW Thawing method

120 100 frozen at -20 frozen at -70 immersed in LN 2 Relative hardness (%) 80 60 40 20 0 4 27 915 MHz MW Thawing method