1

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi, (trade-off),,,

1 11, 1999, [5] RDF[14], RDFS[15], OWL[16], Topic Maps[8], Charles Goldfarb[3] GPS,

2 e-, [9][10] XML XTM 10, [11][12][13] [4][5],

3 12 (trade-off) [ 11] [_][ 11],

4,,,, XTM(XML Topic Map) 10,, 2, 3, 4 Yahoo!Korea 5

5 XTM(XML Topic Map),, 21 ISO, [1], ISO2001, XMLURI XTM(XML Topic Map) 10[8]

6 XTM TAO of Topic Maps (Topic), (Association), (Occurrence), 1 TAO of Topic Maps,,, thing, (subject) [7], URI,,,,, (thesaurus) (taxonomies)

7, XTM, <TopicRef>,, <InstanceOf>,, [7] [ 21], Tosca, Madame Butterfly, Rome, Italy, Puccini, Lucca PucciniLucca Tosca Puccini Lucca born-in, Puccini Tosca Compose http://wwwontopianet/topicmaps/examples/opera/occurs/snl/puccinihtm,file:///c /topicmaps/opera/o ccurs/puccini-galleryhtm 1924/11/29, 1858/12/22, <InstanceOf>, date of birth, date of death XTM(XML Topic Maps) 10 Specification DTD[ 22]

8 [ 22] XTM 10DTD [ 22]<topicMap> <topic>, <association>, <mergemap>, TAO <occurrence><topic> <topic> <mergemap>, 212 RDB Lars Marius Garshol[2]XML [ 23]

9 [ 23] XTM (Lars ),,,,, XTM Lars,, 22 XTM XTM(XML Topic Maps)

10 XML API TM4J, SEMANTEXT, NEXIST 221 TMTab TMTabTechquilla Protégé plug-in Protégé TM4J, ProtégéXTM [24]TMTab Protégé-2000,

11 222 SemanText SemanTextPython,, HTML (interence engine) Lars XTM 10 Specification, (role),, <instanceof> type SemanText XTM 10, HTML 223 Nexist Nexist XTM HypersonicSQL(HSql),,

12, 23 231 TM Builder TM BuilderXATA 2003, XML XTM XML DTD XSTM(An XML Language to Specify Topic Map Extractor), XML XTM DTD TM Builder [26] XSTM-PXSTM TM Builder XTM XSTM-P XSL Topic Map

13 DTD or XSD XSTM XML Document Topic Map [ 26] TM Builder XML XTM XSTM, ( ) 232 Oveia Oveia TM Builder XML,, Oveia [ 27] dataset extractor XS4TM(XML Specification for Topic Maps) XS4TMXTM DTD XTM XS4TM XSDS,,

14 XTM parent Relational Datatase XML, TXT, CSV, HTML Information Resources Dataset Extractor DATASET DATASET DATASET Intermediate Representation XS4TM Processor mother children child Ontology Generated father datasources specification ontology specification ONTOLOGY DB XTM TM datasets specification instance specification Output XSDSXML XS4TMXML [ 27] Oveia TM Builder 24,, [6]

15

16 XTM

17, (usability), Ontopiaoperaxtm [ 31]DTD, XTM 10 <MergeMap><SubjectIdentity>, <SubjectIndicatorOf> [ 31] DTD <Topic Map> <topic><association> <Topic> <InstanceOf> <basename>, <occurrence> <basename> <BaseNameString> <scope> <occurrence> URI <association> <member>, <rolespec>

18 XML, Lars XTM 10 Lars [ 32] - [32] [31] TopicMap Field Type Null Description TopicMap_id Int Not Null ( ) TopicMapName Varchar2 Not Null BaseURI Varchar2 Not Null URI Encoding Varchar2 Null 1 Xmlns Int Not Null Xmlns_xlink Varchar2 Not Null Xlink 2 : xmlns= http://wwwtopicmapsorg/xtm/10/

19 [31]TopicMap TopicMap_idid, TopicMapName BaseURI XmlnsXTM XTM 10 http://wwwtopicmapsorg/xtm/10/, Xmlns_xlink http://wwww3org/1999/xlink [32] Topic Field Type Null Description TopicMap_id Varchar2 Not Null ( ) Topid_id int Not Null ( ) InstanceOf int Null DisplayName Varchar2 Not Null [32]Topic TopicMap_id id Topic_id id, InstanceOf DisplayName, DisplayName [33] basename Field Type Null Description TopicMap_id Varchar2 Not Null ( ) Topid_id int Not Null ( ) BaseNameString Varchar2 Not Null ( ) Scope Int Null 2 : xmlns:xlink= http://wwww3org/1999/xlink

20 [33]baseName basename topic, topic (BaseNameString) (Scope) Verdi Verdi, Giuseppe shortname Verdi [34] occurrence Field Type Null Description TopicMap_id Varchar2 Not Null ( ) Topic_id int Not Null Occurrence_id int Not Null ( ) InstanceOf Int Null Scope int Null IsOccURI int Not Null resourcedata URI Occurrence Varchar2 Not Null [34] occurrence, URI IsOccURI InstanceOf, Scope, offline [35] association InstanceOf, Scope, Member1,2, RoleSpec1, 2

21 [35] association Field Type Null Description TopicMap_id Varchar2 Not Null ( ) Association_id int Null ( ) InstanceOf int Null Scope Int Null Member1 int Not Null Member2 int Not Null RoleSpec1 Int Null RoleSpec2 int Null [ 33]XTM InstanceOf born-in, Scopebiography, member1verdi, rolespec1person, member2le-roncole, rolespec2place ( ) <association> <instanceof><topicref xlink:href= opera-templatextmp#born-in /></instanceof <scope><topicref xlink:href= ontopsixtmm#biography /></scope> <member> <rolespec><topicref xlink:href= ontopsixtmm#person /></rolespec> <topicref xlink:href= #verdi /> </member> <member> <rolespec><topicref xlink:href= geographyxtmm#place /></rolespec> <topicref xlink:href= geographyxtmm#le-roncole /> </member> </association> [ 33] XML Topic Map Association

22, 321,,,,,,, InstanceOf,,, <DisplayName> XTM 10, <DisplayName>,,

23, URI,, 322, [ 34], woman human male Is a Is a [ 34],

24 331

25 [ 35]a, [35]b,,,,,, { } {, }, 3 csv,,, [ 35]

26 woman 072353 mother 083242 school 065714 Child 079214 child school 064279 074832 woman mother 057365 073215 parent mother 060127 071195 child, school 064279 woman, mother 057365 parent, mother 060127 [ 35] 332

27 {{child, school}, 03} child school child school school, { } {child School, 03, 07}, {child, school} ( ) ( ) 333,, [Type I] TM : [Type II] MR :

28 [Type III] TM&MR : ( ),, [35] {{parent, mother}, 060127} [36] [Type3], {child, school} [Type2] [36] go-to humanman, woman

29, parentmother, father, children woman mother {{woman, mother}, 07} [ 36] [Type3] womanmother, to-be man is a human is a woman man is a human is a woman to be mother school mother school has a is a go to has a is a go to father is a parent bring-up child father is a parent bring-up child Type I Type II Type III Type I(TM): Type II(MR): Type III(TM&MR): [ 36] womanmother to-be womanhuman parent, fatherman schoolparent,

30

31 [41] Microsoft Windows XP Professional Oracle 9i Database Release 2, ARtool 10 Java J2SDK15, Ultra Edit-32 IBM VisualAge for Java 40 Oracle9i 9205 JDBC Driver Microsoft Windows XP Professional Oracle 9i Database

32 JDK15Ultra Edit-32 Text Editor, IBMVisual Age Java Oracle9i 9205 JDBC Driver 42 [ 41],,, DBHandler EntityBeans TopicMap Manipulation TopicmapView NodeTopic LineAssociation TopicMapMapping ResultTransformer [ 41]

33 [42] DbHandler TopicMapManipulation connect( ) SaveData( ) gettopiclist( ) gettopiclike( ) TopicMapView paintcomponent( ) NodeTopic LineAssociation drawcomponent( ) updatenode( ) drawcomponent( ) updateline( ) ResultTransformer main( ) csv ` MiningResultView AddAssociation findfrequentpatterns( ) findassociationrules( ) drawnodegraph( ) findassociatednode( ) Promote2AssociationItem _ActionPerformed( ) ( ) 421 DBHandler DB JDBC

34 DBHandler, Connect(): JDBC SaveData(): 422 TopicMapManipulation TopicMapBean, TopicBean, BaseNameBean, OccurrenceBean, AssociationBean,,,, gettopiclist() : gettopiclike() : UI gettopiclike()

35 DBHandler, TopicMapView TopicMapViewpaintComponent(): JPanel TopicMapView component, Component TopicMapView JPanel Repaint() NodeTopic, drawcomponent(): updatenode(): LineAssociation ( ), drawcomponent():

36 updateline():, 423 ARtool ARtool university of Massachusetts Boston, APRIORI, CLOSURE, CLOSUREOPT, FPGROWTH, APRIORIRULES, COVERRULES, COVER RULES OPT ResultTransformer ARtool,,,,,, 424, MiningResultView FrequentPatternBean, AssociationRuleBean, findfrequentpatterns(), findassociationrules() drawnodegraph()

37 findfrequentpatterns():, findassociationrules():, drawnodegraph(): Frequent Pattern Association Rule ( )Vector Traversal History findassociatednode(): drawnodegraph(), 425 AddAssociation, Add this link to association

38 promote2associationitem_actionperformed() 43 Yahoo!KoreaXML 980 431 [ 42]Yahoo!Korea DTD [ 42] News XML DTD

39 <KNewsML>, <Catalog>, <NewsEnvelope>, <NewsItem> [ 52] News XML News Component DTD <NewsItem> <ContentItem> <Body>, <Info> XML <Info> SAX Parser XML <Info> <DataContents>

40 <DataContents><Body xml:space= preserve > <Info Etc= N > </Info><Info Etc= N > </Info> (<Info Etc= N Weather_Area= N > </Info>= ) <Info Person= N > </Info>= <Info Person= N > </Info>( ) <Info Etc= N > </Info>5 2 <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N Govern_Org= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> ` <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info><Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> <Info Etc= N > </Info> gija007@ynacokr ()</Body> </DataContents> [ 43] News XML XML <Info>,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 45][ 46]980 ARtool 002 225, 2 61 06 309

41 [ 45] ( 001) [ 46] ( 06)

42 [ 45],, ( ), ( ) [ 46], ->, ~ 432 [ 47] [ 48]

43 [ 47] Default Vocabulary,,,,,,,,, English [ 48]

44 [ 49] Default VocabularyOccurrence, [ 410]

45 433, ARtool [ 411],, [ 411]

46, [ 412],, [ 412] [ 413] [ 413]

47, [ 414] [ 414] [ 415], [ 415],

48 [ 416] (, : 0018, : 081) (,,, : 0018) [ 416] ( ) ( ), [ 417]

49 [ 417] [ 418] [ 418] XTM

50 V, (trade-off),,

51 [1] Michael C Daconta, et al, The Semantic Web, Wiley Publishing, Inc E Thomsen, OLAP Solution, John Wiley &Sons, 1997 [2] Lars Marius Garsol, Using Topic Maps to Extend Relational Databases, http://wwwxmlcom/lpt/a/2003/03/05/tmrdbhtml, 2002 [3] Charles Goldfarb and P prescod, XML Handbook, Prentice Hall, 2001 [4] Giovani R Librelotto et al, XML Topic Map Builder : Specification and Generalization, XATA, 2003 [5] Giovani R Librelotto et al, Using the ontology paradigm to integrate information systems, 2004 [6] JiaWei Han, Micheline Kamber, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001 [7],,,, XTM,, 19 1, 2003 [8] TopicMapsorg, XML Topic Maps Specification, http://wwwtopicmapsorg/xtm/10/, 2001 [9] Michel Biezunski, Topic Maps for e-gov, http://web-servicesgov, 2003 [10]Andreas Rittershofer, Supporting Self-Regulated E-Learning with Visual Topic-Map-Navigation, Workshop at Knowledge Media Research Center Tübingen, 2004 [11] http://wwwtechquilacom/tmtabhtml [12] http://wwwsemantextcom/ [13] http://nexistsourceforgenet/ [14] http://wwww3org/rdf/

52 [15] http://wwww3org/tr/rdf-schema/ [16] http://wwwowlorg/indexjsp

53 ABSTRACT Design and Development of Semi-automatic Topic Map Builder ` Depart of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Institute of Science and Technology Ewha Womans University Hahm, Hwa Jean As everyday new information resources are linked to the web, it became important to organize them effectively Several works were undertaken to improve accuracy of navigation and to provide related information among plentiful resources And a new area of research and development emerged: the one called Semantic web to solve this problem From the undertaken initiatives one became an ISO standard: Topic Map ISO 13250 Topic map is an ontology that structures complicated information and knowledge structure Topics are used to represent objects and associations between topics are used to represent their various relationships in topic maps Topic maps integrate information resources without changing their format and are easily merged in each other So it is useful in case of integrating numerous heterogeneous information resources Several researches that are trying to build topic maps are in progress, but they have a trade-off between cost and semantic structuring in construction It takes much time and cost to construct topic map manually Although this method makes topic maps semantically rich, it is very repetitive and tedious task So there emerged several alternatives that extract topics and their associations from various information resources Automatic construction of topic maps can save much time and cost But it is difficult to make topic maps semantically rich in this method In this paper, we introduce semi-automatic topic map builder It provides useful interface to construct topic maps easily and update them using mining results Visualization of results of frequent

54 pattern mining and association rule mining makes users to find new associations among topics and to understand context and to add useful associations and their meaning to topic maps So it supports effective topic map update This system makes topic map construction with considerably lower costs and more semantically rich