Contents Data Service Status and Network Configuration cdma2000 1x DCN Problem Solving & Standards Activities 3G evolution strategy Conclusion 2

SK Telecom s IP Packet Core Network Overview - Its past, present, and future Sung Kim solar1@sktelecom.com SK Telecom

Contents Data Service Status and Network Configuration cdma2000 1x DCN Problem Solving & Standards Activities 3G evolution strategy Conclusion 2

Data Service Status Market Increase in Competition Reduce Operating Cost Saturation in Voice service Needs Global Roaming Various value added services Various Data Service applications terminals Data Service Growing Demand for High Speed Data Service WAP applications (261 CPs, 5227 contents, as of Feb. 01) Internet Access Mobile Multimedia services 3

Evolution to High Speed Data Service Phased approach for data service market creation High Speed Data Service Increase in air interface transmission speed High speed packet data network based on Simple IP, Mobile IP & 3G GPRS Strategic Evolution to 3G Diversified Data Applications development 4

Data Service Status and Network Configuration IS-95A/B Data Network Architecture cdma2000 1x Data Network Architecture cdma2000 1x System commercialization and services 5

IS-95A/B Data Network Architecture : IWF Network Configuration Asynchronous & Fax Service Path MSC PSTN Modem Notebook Notebook Mobile Station BTS BSC FR- SVC PRI G3 FAX PDA Packet Data Service Path IWF INTERNET Circuit 구간 Packet 서비스인경우는 Packet Switching 구간 Fax/Async. 서비스인경우는 Circuit Switching 구간 6

IS-95A/B Data Service FAX Service, ASYNC Data Service provision Internet, WAP Service Provision VPN Service Provision Provide Private Network connection over Public Network through Encryption. Providing VPN services to companies like Hyundai Security since1998. 7

cdma2000 1x Packet Data Network Architecture (1) HLR PSTN MSC/VLR HA BSC IWF MT BTS Managed WAN Notebook 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 A B D C 1 1 # * MT MT BTS BSC PDSN PDSN AAA Server NMS Gateway Router Internet IP Fax IP Phone IP Fax MT BTS 8

cdma2000 1x Packet Data Network Architecture (2) PSTN BSC MSC/VLR HLR Notebook MS BTS IOS V4 Asynchronous & Fax Service Path Circuit 구간 Packet Data Service Path FR-SVC Modem pool PRI IWF Notebook MS BTS PDSN (FA) HA Internet PDA BSC/PCF Notebook MS BTS R-P interface (Mobile IP/GRE) PDSN (FA) Circuit 구간 9 Packet 구간 (SCH를사용하는경우 ) Packet switching 구간

cdma2000 1x Commercialization cdma2000 1x Commercialization : 00.10 Forward : MAX 153.6Kbps Data Rate Reverse : MAX 14.4Kbps Data Rate 153.6Kbps Data Rate for both direction will be possible with MSM5100 chip Support All legacy Data Services Simple IP Service Mobile IP Service Mobility & Data Call Termination support Video Phone Service support (MSM5100 chip) Basis for High Data Service 10

cdma2000 1x Data Network Standardization The vendors and service providers who follow EIA/TIA/ANSI-41 specification formed 3gpp2 with following 5 technical specification groups, for 3rd generation telecommunication specification setting project. 11 TSG-A Access Network Interface TSG-P Wireless Packet Data Interworking 3GPP2 Organizational Partners Steering Committee TSG-C cdma2000 TSG-S Services and System Aspects << 3GPP2 Organization >> TSG-N ANSI-41/WIN TSG-P : responsible for the specifications of packet data technology to support wireless packet data services; TSG-A : responsible for radio access network interface TSG-C : responsible for radio standards

cdma2000 1x DCN Standardization Activities SK Telecom s Standardization Activities started last Dec. More than 12 Contributions proposed and adopted In in-traffic Mux-Option negotiation, accounting trigger for PDSN Data Octet Count excluding PPP overheads, Control messages. Simple IP recognized as Mobile IP PDSN selection algorithm HA selection algorithm Push Enabler for IP services Always On And so on.. 12

Simple IP recognized as Mobile IP Problem No, it s Empty. IP Address Conf Option during IPCP exists? Yes, it exists. Mobile IP Dynamic Address IP Address Config No, it s not. Option =0.0.0.0? Yes, it s 0.0.0.0. 13 Mobile IP Static Address but, in reality Simple IP can also use IP Address Config Option as notzero. Also, Mobile IP Dyn Addr use IP Addr Config Option during reregistration. Simple IP Difference between SIP and MIP Before IS-835-A

Simple IP recognized as Mobile IP Problem Problem Statement After going dormant using Simple IP service and moving to other area where a user is served by different PDSN, Mobile Station sends previously used IP address which was assigned by previous PDSN. And new PDSN recognises it as Mobile IP, because the Mobile Station use some address which looks like static IP address. 14

Simple IP recognized as Mobile IP Problem Standards Resolution(IS-835-A or P.S0001-A) For both Mobile IP static home address assignment and dynamic home address assignment, prior to the initial MIP registration: The mobile station shall not include an IP-Address Configuration Option in the IPCP Configure-Request to the PDSN, and, The PDSN shall not assign an IP address to the mobile station. 15

Previous PDSN Discovery-FACN PCF FACN PDSN Registration Request Registration Reply (Error code 136) Registration Request * FACN : Foreign Agent Registration Request(Success) Control Node 16

PDSN Selection Algorithm defined in IS-2001-A Definition Current PDSN Selection algorithm is defined as, PDSN No.=(Mobile IMSI) modulo N where N is Number of PDSNs If the selected PDSN is not accessible by the PCF, PDSN No.=(PDSN No.+1) modulo N 17 Problem Statement Loadbancing problem when PDSN fails. Example) There are 4 PDSNs and each is up to 60% of its capacity. If one of PDSN fails, 60% traffic will go to next PDSN. Next PDSN will be down due to increased 120% traffic.

PDSN Selection Algorithm defined in IS-2001-A Proposition Current PDSN Selection algorithm is defined as, PDSN No.=(LS 4 digits of IMSI) modulo N where N is Number of PDSNs If the selected PDSN is not accessible by the PCF, PDSN No. = (x digits of IMSI Mobile ) modulo N where LS means least significant. Using 4 digits of IMSI was accepted by TSG-A at May of 2001. 18

HA Selection Algorithm-Home Agent Control Node PDSN HACN HA Registration Request Registration Request Registration Reply (Success) Registration Reply (Success) 19

HA Selection Algorithm Selected by 3GPP2 MN PDSN RADIUS HA Registration Request(with HA Addr 0.0.0.0) Registration Reply Access Request Access Accept(with HA Address) Registration Request Registration Reply 20

Push Enabler for IP Service Mobile BSC MSC PDSN RADIUS HA DNS Server Origination Message Base Station Ack Order TCH SETUP Procedure R-P Registration Request R-P Registration Reply LCP Configure-Request(CHAP) LCP Configure-Nak(CHAP) LCP Configure-Req/Ack LCP Configure-Req/Ack IPCP Configure-Request(without IP-Address Configuration Option) IPCP Configure-Ack Agent Solicitation(Optional) Agent Advertisement Mobile IP Registration Request Access Request Access Accept Registration Request Registration Reply Mobile IP Registration Reply DNS Update(Add) DNS Update Reply 21

How to make Always-On? Verizon s Always-On Concept The ability for that user to send/receive messages or initiate/answer a two-way communication session from the data device at anytime after the device is powered on. How to make Always-On? User Specified PPP Inactivity Timers for Simple IP 22

How to make Always-On? SK Telecom s Always-On Concept Network Initiated Packet Termination to mobile station should be done, although that mobile station does not have PPP session. How to make Always-On? Mobile MSC HLR PDSN PPG CN Packet Forwarding to PPG with IMSI of MS Location Request Location Request RR Network Requested PPP Setup Request Page Msg Page Response Msg BS Ack Order Tch Setup Network Requested PPP Setup Request RR Establish PPP Connection IP Address Noti Packet Forwarding to Mobile's IP Address 23

Video Phone Service Network Configuration ㅇ 화상 단말은 일반 통화 기능과 화상통화 기능의 분리 구현 (별도의 Key조작) ㅇ 패킷 데이터 서비스 기반의 DCN/GPRS에서 동작 ㅇ QoS 보장 필요 GK/ SIP Server SGW MGC MSC PSTN Cdma2000 1x DCN MGW H.323/SIP BTS BSC caller Internet HA PDSN PDSN H.323/SIP callee BSC 24 BTS

Video Phone Network Node 구분 Gatekeeper/ SIP Server MGC(Media GW Controller) SGW (Signaling GW) 세부기능 단말기의권한, 인증, 과금서비스제공, 번호번역, 게이트웨이및대역폭관리 Media Gateway, Signal Gateway 제어 PSTN, ISDN 망과의연동시사용, 프로토콜변환기능수행 MGW 미디어변환기능수행 NMS 화상전화서비스인프라요소제어및상태관리 25

Cdma2000 1x QoS 1 단계 2 단계 Mux Option 을이용한방안 Release A 구현 MO 911(High Priority) : VOD, 화상서비스 MO 921(Low Priority) : GVM, 일반데이터서비스 Assured-mode 와 Non-Assured mode 지원 01.3Q 02.2Q 26

3G Evolution Strategy Goals and constraints Roadmap to 3G 3GPP2 : Maximize cdma2000 system utilization 3GPP : UMTS Evolution Technology Evolve into All IP Network 27

Transition to 3G : Goals and Constraints Goals High Speed Multimedia Service Capability Global roaming Maximum Capacity and call quality Supply of various handsets for diversified user needs Constraints uncertain 3G market legacy 2G/2.5G network investments coexistence of 2.5G and 3G network (ROAMING) 28

Migration to 3G cdma2000 1x (IS-2000) 144Kbps Data Double Capacity High Quality Video ANSI-41E 2.5G cdma2000 1x + 1xEV DO 2.4 Mbps Data Increase Capacity for Simultaneous Users High Quality Video Multimedia Service 3G IMT-2000 Up to 2Mbps Global Roaming Mobile Multimedia UMTS 00.4Q 02.1Q All IP Network 29

1xEV DO Configuration (cdma2000 1x + 1x EV DO) GAN : Global ATM Network DCN : Data Core Network APM AA A GAN Fast Ethernet PDSN DCN Internet CAI/HAI 2.5G BTS with AP E1/T1 E1/T1 BSC cdma2000 1x + 1xEV DO DCN HA O & M 2.5G BTS with AP BSM MSC/VLR PSTN/ISDN HLR/AuC IWF 30 cdma2000 1x Voice Network

Expected 1xEV DO Performance Item cdma2000 1x cdma2000 1x + 1xEV DO Service Voice + MDR Wireless Data Service High speed Data Service Max. Data Rate forward : 144Kbps reverse : 144Kbps forward : 2.4 Mbps reverse : 144 Kbps Modulation Method forward/reverse : QPSK forward : variable (QPSK, 8 PSK, 16 QAM) reverse : BPSK Standard IMT-2000 MC 1xEV DO(`00.10), 1xEV DV(`01.10) 31

IMT-2000 : Evolution to All IP Network 3G UMTS R99 384Kbps Data ATM Switch MSC Korea-Japan Roaming Pre-Commercial Service (World Cup 2002) UMTS R4 2Mbps Data MSC Server MGW IP in UTRAN UMTS R5 2Mbps Data IP Multimedia Subsystem SIP Server All IP Network 02.2Q 03.2Q 04.1Q 32

IMT-2000 Network Configuration - R99 IP DCN : IP Data Core Network GGSN 3G MT E1/T1 IP DCN UMTS node-b RNC ATM SGSN Dual MT MSC UMTS Release 99 PSTN/PLMN ISDN Internet HLR 2.5G MT E1/T1 MSC AA A 2.5G BTS BSC/ PCF ATM GAN Fast Ethernet PDSN DCN GAN : Global ATM Network DCN : Data Core Network E1/T1 HA O & M 33 cdma2000 1x system network

IMT-2000 Network Configuration - R4 IP DCN : IP Data Core Network IP DCN GGSN 3G MT SGSN UMTS node-b RNC MGW MSC Server Dual MT RNC HLR 2.5G MT E1/T1 MSC UMTS Release 4 AA A PSTN/PLMN ISDN Internet 2.5G BTS E1/T1 BSC/ PCF MSC Fast Ethernet GAN PDSN cdma2000 1x system network HA DCN O & M GAN : Global ATM Network DCN : Data Core Network 34

IMT-2000 Network Configuration - R5 R-SGW Legacy MSC HSS CSCF MGCF MRF MSC Server GMSC Server T-SGW MGW MGW PLMN/PSTN UMTS node-b RNC UMTS Release 5 SGSN GGSN INTERNET 35

Evolution Technology Charging Data IPv6 QoS 36

무선데이터서비스과금방식 회선과금방식 자원의점유시간즉, 통화시간에의한과금방식 음성서비스와 2G 데이터서비스에제공되는과금방식 패킷과금방식 송수신되는패킷수에의한과금방식 cdma2000 1x 패킷데이터서비스에제공되는과금방식 ( 회선과금에비해요금이저렴함 ) NTT DoCoMo의 I-mode에서사용하는과금방식 37

cdma2000 1x 데이터서비스통화료요금구조 구분 텍스트서비스 멀티미디어서비스 인터넷접속계열 개념정의 WML을사용한 n-top 서비스및 n-top을경유한인터넷접속서비스 (Text, 그림친구, 일부게임서비스등 ) 음성, 화상, 문자, 데이터중 2 개이상의미디어를결합하여일정한형태의플랫폼을통해제공되는서비스 부가단말기를이용하여인터넷에직접접속하는서비스 평균데이터량 10Kbyte(20패킷 ) 이하 10Kbyte(20 패킷 ) 초과 서비스제공속도 저속 (9.6Kbps) 중고속 중고속 요금 6.5 원 / 1 패킷 2.5 원 / 1 패킷 2.5 원 / 1 패킷 1 패킷 = 512 바이트 38

SK Telecom망에서 Telecom망에서 패킷 과금 처리 방법 방법(1) (1) MSC/VLR 2G 데이터 과금 전송(통화시간 기준) 1x 패킷과금 전송(패킷수 기준) UDA BDS 정보이용료 전송 2G IWF Managed WAN WAP G/W WIG SIG 멀티미디어 사용 패킷수 전송 NBSS PDSN GVM 서버 UDA : Usage Data Aggregator PDSN Cdma2000 1x 39 AAA Server VOD/AOD 서버 WIG : Wireless Interworking Gateway SIG : Signaling Interworking Gateway GVM : Game Virtual Machine NBSS : N-top Billing Service System (N-top 과금 시스템) 멀티미디어서비스 제공서버

SK Telecom 망에서패킷과금처리방법 (2) 구분 2G Cdma2000 1x 패킷데이터수집 node ( 통화료 ) IWF 에서송수신패킷수를 MSC 에전달 MSC 에서 CDR 생성 PDSN 에서송수신패킷수등수집 UDA 에서 Aggregation 기능수행 멀티미디어통화료 해당없음 GVM 서버, AOD/VOD 서버에서송수신패킷수집하여 WIG 로전달 텍스트서비스정보이용료 WIG에서수집 WIG 에서수집 멀티미디어서비스정보이용료 GVM 서버, AOD/VOD 서버에서수집 GVM 서버, AOD/VOD 서버에서수집 40

향후 패킷 과금 처리 방법 MSC/VLR Contents Billing을 Billing을 위한 신규 개발 시스템 2G/1x 패킷과금 전송(패킷수 기준) Mediation Server Charging Server BDS 정보이용료 전송 2G IWF WAP G/W PDSN PDSN Cdma2000 1x 41 Managed WAN WIG SIG COIS GVM 서버 VOD/AOD 서버 멀티미디어서비스 제공서버

42 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) 란? 급증하는인터넷수요의증가로대두된 IP 주소부족문제를해결하기위해제안된프로토콜 Mobile IPv6 지원 : Extension Header 사용 End-to-End Security : IPsec 사용 Flow Label(20bit) 을이용하여 QoS 지원 IMT-2000 IPv6 구현방안 IPv4 / IPv6 Dual Stack 사용자가어떤버전의 IP 어드레스를사용하더라도이를지원하기위한방법으로네트웍에서 IPv4 와 IPv6 프로토콜이동시에존재하도록구현 변환기 (NAT-PT : Network Address Translator - Protocol Translator) IPv6 프로토콜의주소와 IPv4 프로토콜의주소를상호변환하여서로다른프로토콜을사용하는서비스를지원하기위한시스템 IPv6 only 사용자가 IPv4 서비스를사용하고자하는경우, 변환기를사용하여서비스제공

IMT-2000 IPv6 망구성 IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack UTRAN Internet (IPv6 or IPv4) IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack BG SGSN GPRS backbone network (IP based) GGSN NAT-PT Firewall Intranet ( IPv6 or IPv4 ) Firewall IPv6/IPv4 IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Dual Stack IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack IPv4- ISP Backbone Inter-PLMN network Firewall 43

QoS (Quality of Service) 44 QoS(Quality of Service) 란? 가입자가제공받을수있는서비스의품질또는서비스별요구사항 서비스품질과관련한가입자와서비스사업자와의계약사항 QoS 보장기술 Integrated Service (IntServ) RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol) 를이용, 데이터를송신하는시스템과수신하는시스템사이의네트웍자원을사전에확보하여데이터서비스시 QoS 를보장함 Differentiated Service (DiffServ) 각네트웍노드는서비스등급에따라패킷의우선순위를정하고이에따른 자원관리기능을수행하여 QoS 를보장함 IMT-2000 QoS 네트웍 (HLR) 에가입자가가입한 QoS 프로파일존재 가입자가데이터서비스요구시네트웍으로 QoS를요구 네트웍은 QoS에따라무선및패킷망자원을예약하고관리 IMT-2000 QoS를전달계층의 QoS로매핑하여데이터서비스품질을보장

Conclusion Max. Utilization of 2.5G System which is in Service. Min. of Uncertainty : Step by Step Network migration toward 3G Standards : -2.5G Packet Data Network : 3GPP2 Mobile IP Specification -3G Network : 3GPP UMTS Specification Migration 3G Network to ALL IP network Provides Various End-to-End QoS Less Price for Operation and Maintenance 45