|
|
|
- 진성 제갈
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2
3
4
5 1 ICT. ICT. ICT ICT ICT. ICT, ,... ICT
6
7 ICT 17 1 ICT ICT : (the Ecosystem Layer Model, ELM) ICT ELM ELM (The four-layer ELM model) 30 2 (Schumpeterian evolutionary economics) 31 3, (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) 37 2 (Data Envelopment Analysis)
8 4 2. (efficiency) CCR BCC 48 3 (Meta-Frontier Analysis) (TE, TE*, TGR) (TE, TE*, TGR) (TE) *(TE*) (TGR)
9 TE TE* TGR 61
10 ,,, SFA CCR CCR BCC TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR TE* TGR 69
11 7 1.. SFA(Stochastic Frontier Analysis), DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis)., (Production Function).. (Meta-Fontier Analysis) TGR (Technology Gap Ratio),. DEA..
12 8 2..,... (Frontier).,..., TGR. TGR.,...
13 9.,,. TGR TGR,.,.,. ICT. 3. NICE KIS-VALUE 1. KSIC-9. 1,. 1,181,,,,, 6. KIS-VALUE,,,, DEA
14 10 TGR. 6 TE, TE*, TGR. TE, TE*, TGR
15 11 TE(Technical Efficiency) TGR., TE TGR,. TGR.,,. TE, TE TGR TGR., TE,.,. TE TGR. TE TGR...,
16 12., ICT ICT.
17 (input) (output).,. (efficiency), (absolute efficiency) (relative efficiency).. Koopman(1951), Debreu(1951), Farrell(1957) ICT Giokas & Pentzaropoulos(2008), Thompson & Garbacz(2007), Tsai et al.(2006).,..,..
18 14.. Lee & Hwang(2011) Online Music Streaming. Lee & Hwang(2011) Online Music Streaming.,.,,. (Meta-Frontier Technology) 1) Battesse, Rao & O Donnell(2004),, Lee & Hwang(2011), Hong, Lee & Hwang(2011), Yang, Lee, Hwang & Shin(2013) ICT(Information and Communication Technology).,. TGR(Technology Gap Ratio). 1), TGR, DEA 4.
19 ICT ICT,. ICT. ICT ICT.,. ICT. ICT. ICT. ICT. TGR,., ICT,.
20 16, ICT. DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). DEA ICT. DEA,,,.
21 2 ICT 17 2 ICT 1 ICT ICT. PC(Personal Computer) (Smartphone), PC(Tablet PC) (Smart Devices), TV, PC (Content) (Platform) (Network) (Device) (Fransman, 2007; Iansiti & Levien, 2004; Tiwana, Konsynski, & Bush, 2010). ICT (Network Provider) (Platform Provider) (Cusumano, 2010), C-N-P-D(Content-Network-Platform- Device) (Contents Provider) (two-sided market) (Cusumano, 2010; Cusumano & Gawer, 2002; Eisenmann, Parker, & Van Alstyne, 2008; Hilkert, Benlian, & Hess, 2011; Iansiti & Levien, 2004; West & Mace, 2010; Xu, Venkatesh, Tam, & Hong, 2010).., (Katz & Shapiro, 1994)., (Positive feedback) (Arthur, 1989; Katz & Shapiro, 1994)., PP(Platform Provider) CP(Content Provider),
22 18 CP PP.,,., (Gawer & Cusumano, 2012). C-P-N-D ICT.,,, (Abadie, Maghiros, & Pascu, 2008). IT,.,. (Nelson & Winter, 1982; Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997),, (needs).,,. (i-phone). ICT, (Google) (Android) OS.,,.,.
23 2 ICT 19 2.,... (Frontier).,..., TGR. TGR.,...
24 (a) (b).,,.
25 2 ICT 21 TGR TGR,. 2 2 (a) (b)
26 22,,,. ICT. 2 3,,, (Stochastic Frontier Analysis, SFA). ICT,,.,.
27 2 ICT ,,, SFA, missing value.,.
28 24 3 ASP(Application Service Provider) (innovation) ISP(Internet Service Provider) (spillover). YouTube YouTube UCC ISP. ISP (bandwidth) QoS(Quality of Service). ISP ASP. ISP QoS, Voice over Internet Protocol(VoIP). 2 5 ASP ISP. 2 5, ASP ISP 100% ISP ASP 100%,
29 2 ICT 25. ASP, ISP. 100%, (bandwidth-usage) (latency-sensitivity). Wu(2004),, ISP. http VoIP. 2 6 ISP ASP. 2 6 (Joseph Schumpeter). Schumpeter Mark I
30 26 Schumpeter(1934), (creative destruction) (entrepreneur-spirit ). Schumpeter Mark Schumpeter(1942) R&D. creative accumulation. Malerba and Orsenigo(1996), 1 2 widening( ) deepening (, Malerba and Orsenigo, 1995). Wu(2004) (Schumpeter Mark ), (later Schumpeter). Schumpeter Mark, Schumpeter Mark ISP ASP. Wu and Yoo(2007) Wu. Christopher. Christopher Schumpeter Mark, AT&T (incumbent)., (business model).., ASP
31 2 ICT 27 ISP, ISP ASP,.
32 ICT ICT. ICT,,. 1 ICT : (the Ecosystem Layer Model, ELM) ELM ICT,. ICT,,,,,,,,,,. ELM, ICT (functionalities). ELM ICT,,.. ELM? ELM, ICT.,,.,.,
33 3 29. ( ),., ICT.,.,. 1. ICT ELM networked elements ICT, (networked).,,,. network operating. Layer 1 Layer 2, (network operators), (telecom operators)(fixed and mobile), TV (cable TV operators), (satellite operators and broadcasting operators)., 1990., DSL FTTP connections, (coaxial cables),. connectivity. TCP/IP Layer 3 (Internet connectivity). Layer 2 Layer 3, Layer 3., Layer 3. Layer 3
34 30,.., ELM (Middleware). (search)... Layer 3 4 Layer 5. content, applications and services. (Connectivity) (Internet access)(in Layer 3),, (in Layer 4),. Layer 5 (services)., services for intermediate consumers/users. final consumption. ELM Layer 6.. Layers 1-5 Layer 6 (products and services) ELM (The four-layer ELM model) layer ELM layer,. Layer 2 3 Layer 2.. Layer 4 5
35 3 31 Layer 3. (navigation) Layer 4 Layer 5,. 2 (Schumpeterian evolutionary economics) (Schumpeter) (economic development),. (economic world), (neoclassical economics)., (endogenously generated development). (the carrying out of new combinations).,,. (Entrepreneurs),., (creative destruction),.,,,., (Capitalism), (Socialism), (Democracy), (evolutionary process).
36 32,.. (Darwin). (determining processes).,. (Richard Nelson) (Sidney Winter) (Schumpeterian and Darwinian thinking) (modern economics).,..,.. (selection process),,.,. /, /, /,,.?,..,..,.
37 3 33 / R&D.. (intellectual property regimes), (financing mechanisms),,. (rules of the game). (national innovation systems, NIS) 1980 (Schumpeterian evolutionary economics).,.,. NIS, (sectoral systems of innovation). (industrial & institutional organisations). 3,,,.,.,, (Kimberly and Evanisko, 1981; Damanpour, 1987; 1988).,..
38 34 Ettlie(1983),. Dewar and Dutton(1986)., (the distribution of knowledge),. (the attitudes of the organization s management) (organizational structure),.,.,,. Damanpour(1988)..,.,., (initial stage) (implementation stage).,., Daft(1978) (dual-core) Duncan(1976) (ambidextrous).,,, (organic).
39 3 35,, (machanistic).,., Duncan(1976) Hage(1980).,.,,.,.,.. Schulman (1969)., Henderson & Clark(1990) (component)... (architectural innovation) (modular innovation).
40 36, ( ) ( ).,.., (photolithographic alignment).,.
41 (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) Aigner, Lovell, & Schmidt(1977) Meeusen & van den Broeck(1977) SFA. (4.1), Y i i, x i i, f,, v i u i (random error), u i i (non-negative). v i, u i. u i. (TE: Technical Efficiency). exp exp exp (4.2) exp TE 0 1, TE 1 u i, 0. DEA SFA. SFA. SFA (technical inefficiency), (allocative inefficiency),
42 38 (Schmidt & Lovell, 1979). SFA DEA (deterministic),,. DEA SFA. Cullinane et al.(2002) SFA DEA. (unbalanced) SFA. SFA. Battesse & Coelli(1992).. (4.3) exp (4.4),. SFA (translog) (Cobb- Douglas).,. (u i ) (half-normal distribution) (exponential distribution). Jorgensen, Pedersen, and Volden(1997)
43 4 39. (truncated normal distribution). 0,, 0,.. 2 (Data Envelopment Analysis) 1. (DMUs: Decision Making Units) ( ) DEA Data Envelopment Analysis, ), ( ). DEA.,.,. 2) Charnes et al.(1978) DEA.
44 40 2. (efficiency),.,. (absolute efficiency) (relative efficiency),.,.,., (productivity), DEA. 3.,. DMU DMU.. DEA
45 4 41, DEA. (regression), (residuals). DEA, (data). DEA. (parameter). DEA,. DEA. DEA,. DEA. (LP: linear programming) DEA CCR 3), BCC 4) DEA. 3) Charnes et al.(1978) Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes. 4) Banker et al.(1984) Banker, Charnes, Cooper.
46 42 4. DEA..., (PPS: production possibility set). Shephard(1970) (axiom), Färe(1988) Färe et al.(1994).,.,, ,., ( ) ( ), (free disposability). -, (convexity).
47 , (CRS: Constant Returns to Scale) (VRS: Variable Returns to Scale).,. 0. ( ) ( ),. (IRS: Increasing Returns to Scale) (Decreasing Returns to Scale; DRS),. (production frontier)., (strongly efficient) (weakly
48 44 efficient). (Pareto efficient),..,., (DMU)., DEA,,. 5. CCR CCR DEA, DEA. DEA, (CRS) CCR, (VRS) BCC., CCR.
49 4 45 CCR. (primal model), (virtual price) (dual model). CCR DEA.,., j ( 4.5). min (4.5) (4.5), , ,. (unit invariance) DEA
50 46. CCR,..,. CCR (CRS), (4.6). max (4.6) CCR,
51 , (slack) 5) (projected point) 6) , CCR 5) 1,,. (slack), DEA. 6),.
52 J CCR. CCR J. 0 1, W J. W J W J, J J. J, 1. J W J W J, J J.,. 6. BCC (CRS) (VRS), DEA BCC.,. CCR (scale inefficiency), CCR. BCC, CCR ( 4 1),
53 4 49. BCC. min (4.7) 1 1 CCR BCC 4 3. O A, C, A, B C B. J J, J. ( ) W J W J (CRS CCR ) W J W J (VRS BCC )...
54 CCR BCC BCC,. max (4.8) BCC CCR. CCR, BCC
55 CCR,..,.. 3 (Meta-Frontier Analysis),. (Stochastic frontier),.,,., (,, ). j,. SFA. (Battese & Rao, 2002).
56 52 agriculture industry. Battesse, Rao & O Donnell(2004) SFA garment. O Donnell, Rao, and Battesse (2008) 97 SFA DEA. Chen & Song(2008) SFA, Moreira and Bravo-Ureta(2010) SFA (Latin America) (dairy farm). (Chiu, Lee, Lu, Shyu, & Luo, 2012; Zhang, Zhou, & Choi, 2013), (civil engineering)(fallah-fini, Triantis, de la Garza, & Seaver, 2012), (pharmaceutical industry)(mazumdar & Rajeev, 2009), (banking industry)(bos & Schmiedel, 2007). ICT. Lee and Hwang (2011) (ISP) (ASP) ASP UCC,,,., Hong, Lee, & Hwang (2011) TV. DEA SFA TV. Hsiao, Chern, and Yu(2012) (Integrated Circuit design firm),. Liao and Lien(2012) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) (penetration rate) DEA.. R, j.
57 4 53 j, j i t. j i t (input vector), j x (stochastic frontier). j,, 0. j. (4.9) Battese, Rao, & O Donnell(2004). (4.10). for (4.11) (4.10) (4.11),.,.. (4.12)
58 54 (4.12) j (TE: Technical Efficiency)., (4.13), j Technical Gap Ratio( MTR). (4.14) TE* TE TGR,. (4.15) (parameter) 2. Linear Programming(LP), Quadratic Programming(QP). Battese, Rao, & O Donnell(2004) LP QP. min min, (4.16), (4.17) LP QP, LP QP.
59 NICE KIS-VALUE 1. KSIC-9, 4 1 1,416.,. 1,., ICT,. 1, G46453, 38 G G
60 56 G J J J J J J J J J59130, 22 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J M M ,416
61 J telecommunication J telecommunication J telecommunication J telecommunication J telecommunication J software J software G J J J IT operation J IT operation J J G etc J etc J J broadcast J broadcast J broadcast J broadcast M advertisement M advertisement 1,181 1,181 ( (e-book), (e-learning), (platform), (music), (game), (video)). 4 3.
62 random effects time-varying,. ln ln ln ln m t i m. Y ti t i. x 1 (K), x 2 (M), x 3 (L). K Total asset, M CAPEX, L. y.
63 5 59 5,,,,, DEA ( TE) *( TE*) ( TGR). (TE). (TE*). (TGR) ( ) ( ),. TGR TE*., (TE, TE*, TGR) DEA 6 TE ,
64 60 TE*, 4.15 TGR. TE, TE*, TGR 5 1, 5 2, TE TE*
65 TGR (TE, TE*, TGR) 1. TE 0.98
66 (TE*) TGR TE. TE.. TE TGR. 5 1 TE, TE*, TGR 2. TE, ,
67 5 63 7). TE TE* TGR TE, TE*, TGR 3.. (13 ),. TE 7) (2014).
68 64, 2003, 2007, TGR 2003, 2007, TE*,,.,. 5 3 TE, TE*, TGR 4. TE,, e-leaning , P2P MR(Monthly Rental) 2004, 2012, TE. TGR 2007
69 5 65, TGR. 5 4 TE, TE*, TGR TE, TE*, TGR
70 TE TGR, , 2008, 2009, TGR. 5 6 TE, TE*, TGR 3 (TE, TE*, TGR) 1. (TE) (TE)
71 5 67.,. TE,,,.,,,,., TE *(TE*) (TE*) -
72 TE* 3. (TGR) (TGR) ( ) ( ),. TGR TE* ,
73 TGR
74 70 6. KSIC-9,,,,,,. KIS-VALUE,,,, DEA TGR. TE TGR., TE TGR, 2 2. TGR.,,,. TE, TE TGR TGR.,
75 6 71 TE,.,. TE TGR. TE TGR...., KIS-VALUE. ICT., ICT,,,. ICT (,, )..,,,. ICT
76 72., DEA, ICT.
77 73 Abadie, F., Maghiros, I., & Pascu, C. (2008). The Future Evolution of the Creative Content Industries. Joint Research Center of EU. Aigner, D., Lovell, C. A. K., Schmidt, P., (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics 6(1), Arthur, W. B. (1989). Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The economic journal, 99(394), Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., and Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9): Battesse, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1992). Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data: With application to paddy farmers in India. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3(1-2), Battesse, G. E., Rao, D. S. P., and O'Donnell, C. J. (2004). A metafrontier production function for estimation of technical efficiencies and technology gaps for firms operating under different technologies. Journal of Productivitiy Analysis, 21(1): Bos, J. W. B., & Schmiedel, H. (2007). Is there a single frontier in a single European banking market? Journal of Banking & Finance, 31(7), Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6): Chen, Z., & Song, S. (2008). Efficiency and technology gap in China s agriculture: A regional meta-frontier analysis. China Economic Review, 19(2),
78 74 Chiu, Y., Lee, J., Lu, C., Shyu, M., & Luo, Z. (2012). The technology gap and efficiency measure in WEC countries: Application of the hybrid meta frontier model. Energy Policy, 51, Cullinane, K., Song, D., & Gray, R. (2002). A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in Asia: Assessing the influence of administrative and ownership structures. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 36(8), Cusumano, M. (2010). Technology strategy and management The evolution of platform thinking. Communications of the ACM, 53(1), Cusumano, M., & Gawer, A. (2002). The elements of platform leadership. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), Daft, R. L. (1978). A dual-core model of organizational innovation. Academy of management journal, 21(2), Damanpour, F. (1987), The Adoption of Technological, Administrative and Service Innovations: Impact of Organizational Factors. Journal of Management, 13(4), Damanpour, F. (1988). Innovation type, radicalness, and the adoption process. Communication research, 15(5), Debreu, G. (1951). The coefficient of resource utilization. Econometrica, 19(3): Dewar, R. D., & Dutton, J. E. (1986). The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: an empirical analysis. Management science, 32(11), Duncan, R. B. (1976). The ambidextrous organization: Designing dual structures for innovation. In R. H. Kilmann, L. R. Pondy, & D. P. Sleven(Eds.), The management of organization: Strategy and implementation(vol 1, pp ). New York: North-Holland. Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & van Alstyne, M. (2008). Opening platforms: How, when and why? Harvard business school entrepreneurial management working paper
79 75 (09-030). Ettlie, J. E. (1983). Organizational policy and innovation among suppliers to the food processing sector. Academy of Management Journal, 26(1), Fallah-Fini, S., Triantis, K., de la Garza, J. M., & Seaver, W. L. (2012). Measuring the efficiency of highway maintenance contracting strategies: A bootstrapped non-parametric meta-frontier approach. European Journal of Operational Research. 219(1), Färe, R. (1988). Fundamentals of production theory. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., and Lovell, C. A. K. (1994). Production frontiers. Cambridge University Press, New York. Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productivity efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society. Series A, 120(3): Fransman, M. (2007). 2 The New ICT Ecosystem. Freeman, C. (1982), The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 2nd edition, Frances Pinter, London. Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. (2012). Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation. Paper presented at the DRUID 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark,. Giokas, D. I., & Pentzaropoulos, G. C. (2008). Efficiency ranking of the OECD member states in the area of telecommunications: A composite AHP/DEA study. Telecommunications Policy, 32(9), Hage, J. (1980). Theories of organizations: Form, process, and transformation. New York: Wiley. Henderson, R. M., & Clark, K. B. (1990). Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative science quarterly, Hilkert, D., Benlian, A., & Hess, T. (2011). The openness of smartphone software platforms.
80 76 Erscheint in: INFORMATIK. Hong, A., Lee, D., and Hwang, J. (2011). Metafrontier production function analysis of horizontal and vertical integration in Korea s cable TV industry. Journal of Media Economics, 24(4): Hsiao, B., Chern, C., & Yu, M. (2012). Measuring the relative efficiency of IC design firms using the directional distance function and a meta-frontier approach. Decision Support Systems. 53(4), Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004). The keystone advantage: what the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability: Harvard Business School Press. Jorgensen, F., Pedersen, P. A., & Volden, R. (1997). Estimating the inefficiency in the Norwegian bus industry from stochastic cost frontier models. Transportation, 24(4), Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1994). Systems competition and network effects. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), Kimberly, J. R., & Evanisko, M. J. (1981). Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational, and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technological and administrative innovations. Academy of management journal, 24(4), Koopman, T. C. (1951). Analysis of production as an efficient combination of activities. In Koopman, T. C.(Eds.), Activity analysis of production and allocation(33-97). John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York. Lee, D., & Hwang, J. (2011). Network neutrality and difference in efficiency among Internet application service providers: A meta-frontier analysis. Telecommunications Policy, 35(8), Liao, C., & Lien, C. (2012). Measuring the technology gap of APEC integrated telecommunications operators. Telecommunications Policy, 36(10-11), Malerba, F., and Orsenigo, L. (1995). Schumpeterian patterns of innovation, Cambridge
81 77 Journal of Economics 19, Malerba, F., and Orsenigo, L. (1996). Schumpeterian patterns of innovation are technologyspecific. Research Policy 25, Mazumdar, M., & Rajeev, M. (2009). Comparing the efficiency and productivity of the Indian pharmaceutical firms: A Malmquist-meta-frontier approach. International Journal of Business and Economics, 8(2), Meeusen, W., van den Broeck, J., (1977). Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error. International Economic Review 18(2), Mazumdar, M., & Rajeev, M. (2009). Comparing the efficiency and productivity of the Indian pharmaceutical firms: A Malmquist-meta-frontier approach. International Journal of Business and Economics, 8(2), Moreira, V. H., & Bravo-Ureta, B. E. (2010). Technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios for dairy farms in three southern cone countries: A stochastic meta-frontier model. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 33(1), Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. O Donnell, C. J., Rao, D. S. P., & Battese, G. E. (2008). Metafrontier frameworks for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios. Empirical Economics, 34(2), Schmidt, P. and Lovell, C. A. K. (1979). Estimating technical and allocative ineficiency relative to stochastic production and cost frontiers, Journal of Econometrics 9, Schulman, J. (1969). Remaking an organization: innovation in a specialized psychiatric hospital. Albany: SUNY Press. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development, Harvard Economic Studies, Cambridge, Mass.
82 78 Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, socialism and democracy, Harper, New York. Shephard, R. W. (1970). Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18: Thompson Jr, H. G., & Garbacz, C. (2007). Mobile, fixed line and Internet service effects on global productive efficiency. Information Economics and Policy, 19(2), Tiwana, A., Konsynski, B., & Bush, A. A. (2010). Research Commentary Platform Evolution: Coevolution of Platform Architecture, Governance, and Environmental Dynamics. Information Systems Research, 21(4), Tsai, H. C., Chen, C. M., & Tzeng, G. H. (2006). The comparative productivity efficiency for global telecoms. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(2), West, J., & Mace, M. (2010). Browsing as the killer app: Explaining the rapid success of Apple's iphone. Telecommunications Policy, 34(5), Wu, T. (2004). The broadband debate: A user s guide. Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 3, Wu, T. & Yoo, C. (2007). Keeping the Internet Neutral?: Tim Wu and Christopher Yoo Debate. Federal Communications Law Journal, 59(3): Xu, X., Venkatesh, V., Tam, K., & Hong, S. (2010). Model of migration and use of platforms: role of hierarchy, current generation, and complementarities in consumer settings. Management Science, 56(8), Yang, A., Lee, D., Hwang, J., and Shin, J. (2013). The influence of regulations on the efficiency of telecommunications operators: A meta-frontier analysis. Telecommunications Policy, 37(11):
83 79 Zhang, N., Zhou, P., & Choi, Y. (2013). Energy efficiency, CO2 emission performance and technology gaps in fossil fuel electricity generation in Korea: A meta-frontier non-radial directional distance function analysis. Energy Policy, 56,
84 , / 오정숙 TEL: ISBN FAX:
레이아웃 1
Disability & Employment 11. 8. 제1권 제호(통권 7호) pp.97~118 중증장애인직업재활지원사업수행시설의 효율성비교* 양숙미 남서울대학교 사회복지학과 부교수 전동일 가톨릭대학교 박사과정 요 약 본 연구는 직업재활시설의 중증장애인 직업재활지원사업에 대한 효율성을 평가하여 효 율적인 운영방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해
에너지경제연구 제14권 제1호
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 14, Number 1, March 2015 : pp. 111~141 2 차에너지산업의기술적효율성국제비교및 결정요인분석에관한연구 1) 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 max ln ln ln ln 118 ln ln ln ln ln ln ln 119 120 121
<5349BBEABEF7C0C75FBDC3C0E5B1B8C1B65FB9D75FB0E6C0EFBBF3C8B2C6F2B0A128C1B6C1A4BFF820C6EDC1FD5FC3D6C1BE5F323031345F395F3131292E687770>
- i - I. SI산업의 개념과 구조적 특성 (SI산업의 개념) SI(System Integration) 산업은 정부 기업 등이 수행하는 구매 생산 판매 고객관리 및 재무 등에 관한 업무를 전자적으로 처리할 수 있도록 하드웨어(H/W), 패키지 소프트웨 어(S/W), 콘텐츠, 데이터베이스, 시스템 설계, 교육, 컨설팅 등을 유기적으로 결합하여 정보시스템을
2
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 10, Number 1, March 2011 : pp. 1~24 국내화력발전산업에대한연료와자본의대체성분석 1 2 3 ~ 4 5 F F P F P F ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln 6 ln ln ln ln ln 7 ln
歯김한석.PDF
HSN 2001 Workshop Session IX Service Providers and Business Model Future Business Models for Telecom Industry 1. Internet Economy 2. E-business 3. Internet Economy 4.? 1 1. Internet Economy 1.1 Internet
3 Local Government Officials Development Institute 4 2006 Local Government Officials Development Institute 5 6 2006 Local Government Officials Development Institute 7 8 2006 Local Government Officials
14 경영관리연구 제6권 제1호 (2013. 6) Ⅰ. 서론 2013년 1월 11일 미국의 유명한 경영전문 월간지 패스트 컴퍼니 가 2013년 글로벌 혁신 기업 50 을 발표했다. 가장 눈에 띄는 것은 2년 연속 혁신기업 1위를 차지했던 애플의 추락 이었다. 음성 인식
애플의 사례를 통해 살펴본 창조적 파괴 13 경영관리연구 (제6권 제1호) 애플의 사례를 통해 살펴본 창조적 파괴 박재영 이맥소프트(주) 부사장 슘페터가 제시한 창조적 파괴는 경제적 혁신과 비즈니스 사이클을 의미하는 이론이며, 단순하게 는 창조적 혁신을 의미한다. 즉 혁신적 기업의 창조적 파괴행위로 인해 새로운 제품이 성공적으로 탄생하는 것이다. 이후 다른
001지식백서_4도
White Paper on Knowledge Service Industry Message Message Contents Contents Contents Contents Chapter 1 Part 1. Part 2. Part 3. Chapter
제 출 문 문화체육관광부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 문화예술분야 통계 생산 및 관리 방안 연구결과 최종 보고서로 제출합니다. 2010년 10월 숙명여자대학교 산학협력단 본 보고서는 문화체육관광부의 공식적인 견해와 다를 수 있습니다. - 2 -
문화예술분야 통계 생산 및 관리 방안 연구 2010. 10 문화체육관광부 제 출 문 문화체육관광부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 문화예술분야 통계 생산 및 관리 방안 연구결과 최종 보고서로 제출합니다. 2010년 10월 숙명여자대학교 산학협력단 본 보고서는 문화체육관광부의 공식적인 견해와 다를 수 있습니다. - 2 - 연 구 진 연구책임자 - 김소영 (숙명여자대학교
의정연구_36호_0828.hwp
특집논문 제19대 총선과 정당체제 전망: 연합 정치의 효과 정 병 기 (영남대학교) 요약 19대 총선은 선거 연합을 통해 반공 보수주의 카르텔 체제의 해체를 확정짓 고, 정당 통합 및 선거 연합을 통해 지역주의 정당체제의 약화를 지속시켰다. 이러한 연합 정치에 의해 지역주의 구도가 약화되면서 전통적 보수와 자유주 의 보수 및 권위주의 진보가 대립하는 기존 삼각
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 -
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 2, September 2018 : pp. 1~29 정책 용도별특성을고려한도시가스수요함수의 추정 :, ARDL,,, C4, Q4-1 - . - 2 - . 1. - 3 - [ 그림 1] 도시가스수요와실질 GDP 추이 - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - < 표 1>
부문별 에너지원 수요의 변동특성 및 공통변동에 미치는 거시적 요인들의 영향력 분석
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 15, Number 1, March 2016 : pp. 33 ~ 67 부문별에너지원수요의변동특성및공통변동에 미치는거시적요인들의영향력분석 33 ~ < 표 1> 에너지소비량과주요변수들의연평균증가율 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 34 35 36 37 38 ~ 39 [ 그림 1] 부문별에너지원소비량의증가율
¨ë Áö¸®ÇÐȸÁö-¼Û°æ¾ðOK
Industrial and Innovation Networks of the Long-live Area of Honam Region* Sam Ock Park**Kyung Un Song***Eun Jin Jeong**** AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze industrial and innovation networks
歯Product1.PDF
A B,, D, E, F...... A.. B.. D. E. F. .,. 1980,, 1990..,.....,.., (price-cap regulation) - 1 - .,,,.,..... 3SLS... - 2 - ...,. 1). Denny, Fuss & Waverman(1981) Divisia,,. Kiss(1983), Denny, et al., Tornqvist,.
untitled
Logistics Strategic Planning pnjlee@cjcci.or.kr Difference between 3PL and SCM Factors Third-Party Logistics Supply Chain Management Goal Demand Management End User Satisfaction Just-in-case Lower
시안
ULSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 울산과학기술원 기술경영전문대학원 http://mot.unist.ac.kr 02 03 Global Study Mission CURRICULUM 2 Practicality Global
ecorp-프로젝트제안서작성실무(양식3)
(BSC: Balanced ScoreCard) ( ) (Value Chain) (Firm Infrastructure) (Support Activities) (Human Resource Management) (Technology Development) (Primary Activities) (Procurement) (Inbound (Outbound (Marketing
공급업체평가를 위한 DEA 모형의 확장
평가를 위한 DEA 의 확장 A Study on an Augmented DEA for Supplier Evaluation 이 정 호, 류 춘 호 Joungho Lee, Choonho Ryu 홍익대학교 경영연구소, 홍익대학교 경영학부 Abstract 본 연구는 선정의 중요성, 선정을 위한 다양한 방법론들, 그리고 선 정을 위한 평가항목들을 기술한 후, 효율적인
BSC Discussion 1
Copyright 2006 by Human Consulting Group INC. All Rights Reserved. No Part of This Publication May Be Reproduced, Stored in a Retrieval System, or Transmitted in Any Form or by Any Means Electronic, Mechanical,
http://www.kbc.go.kr/ Abstract Competition and Concentration in the Market for the Multichannel Video Programming G h e e - Young Noh ( P r o f e s s o, rschool of Communication,
1 2009 11. 2012 60% 2013 TV TV. TV,.,,.,,,...,. 2.,. 2012 12 3 1 9 1 13 1 13 2 16 1. 16 2. 17 2 19 1 19 1. 19 2. 22 3. 25 4. 28 2 31 1. 31 2. 35 3. 37 3 38 1 38 2 45 4 4 51 1 51 2 53 1. : (FGI) 53 2. :
국내 디지털콘텐츠산업의 Global화 전략
Digital Conents Contents Words, Sound, Picture, Image, etc. Digitizing : Product, Delivery, Consumption NAICS(, IMO Digital Contents Digital Contents S/W DC DC Post PC TV Worldwide Digital Contents
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
TPS 2004 7 19 < > I II 1 Cox Communications 2 Singtel Optus III IV 1/22 < >,, TPS HFC TPS Cox Communications Optus Cox Communications 3S(Simplicity, Savings, Service) TPS TPS, TPS Optus TPS Simplicity,
°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â
Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of
Buy one get one with discount promotional strategy
Buy one get one with discount Promotional Strategy Kyong-Kuk Kim, Chi-Ghun Lee and Sunggyun Park ISysE Department, FEG 002079 Contents Introduction Literature Review Model Solution Further research 2 ISysE
歯J01-13.PDF
2001-13 2001. 12 . 1. 1 2. 3 1) 3 2) 5 3. 6 1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4. 12 1) 12 2) 14 3) 16 4) 18 5. 20 1) 20 2) 21 3), 23 6. 26 1) 26 2) 28 - i - 7. 31 < > 33 - ii - 1.,,,.,,, ( 1997, p.185). (complexity).,,.,,,.,,,
정보화정책 제14권 제2호 Ⅰ. 서론 급변하는 정보기술 환경 속에서 공공기관과 기업 들은 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 정보시스템 구축사업 을 활발히 전개하고 있다. 정보시스템 구축사업의 성 패는 기관과 기업, 나아가 고객에게 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로, 이에 대한 통제
연구논문 정보화정책 제14권 제2호, 2007년 여름, pp.3~18 정보시스템 감리인의 역량이 감리성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 나중수*, 전성현** 최근 공공기관에서 정보화시스템 감리가 의무화되어 감리에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며, 한편으로 개선요구사 요약 항이 제기되고 있다, 그동안 정보시스템 감리분야의 연구는 감리지침과 감리기술연구, 감리실시유무에
untitled
PMIS 발전전략 수립사례 A Case Study on the Development Strategy of Project Management Information System 류 원 희 * 이 현 수 ** 김 우 영 *** 유 정 호 **** Yoo, Won-Hee Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Wooyoung Yu, Jung-Ho 요 약 건설업무의 효율성
15_3oracle
Principal Consultant Corporate Management Team ( Oracle HRMS ) Agenda 1. Oracle Overview 2. HR Transformation 3. Oracle HRMS Initiatives 4. Oracle HRMS Model 5. Oracle HRMS System 6. Business Benefit 7.
삼국통일시나리오.indd
디지털융합연구원 Whitepaper 2010-01 2010.12.20 장석권교수 디지털융합연구원장 한양대학교 경영대학 교수 contents Executive Summary_03 1. 디지털삼국의 형상과 구조 _04 2. 디지털삼국의 세력다툼 양상과 영토확장 전략 _08 3. 삼국통일 시나리오 _11 3.1 시나리오의 구성 3.2 Google 공화국 (Republic
,, RFID,. ITU-R [7], IoT (Internet of Thing), (ultra reliable) (low latency). IoT ( ) , [1]., [8] 10 IoT.,. Ofcom [10] IoT/M2M, (utilities),,
![,, RFID,. ITU-R [7], IoT (Internet of Thing), (ultra reliable) (low latency). IoT ( ) , [1]., [8] 10 IoT.,. Ofcom [10] IoT/M2M, (utilities),,](/thumbs/91/105064365.jpg ",, RFID,. ITU-R [7], IoT (Internet of Thing), (ultra reliable) (low latency). IoT ( ) , [1]., [8] 10 IoT.,. Ofcom [10] IoT/M2M, (utilities),,")
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jul.; 27(7), 588598. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.7.588 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) A Promoting
164
에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 163~190 학술 시변파라미터일반화해밀턴 -plucking 모형을이용한전력소비의선제적경기국면판단활용연구 * 163 164 165 166 ~ 167 ln 168 [ 그림 1] 제조업전력판매량 (a) 로그변환
untitled
SAS Korea / Professional Service Division 2 3 Corporate Performance Management Definition ý... is a system that provides organizations with a method of measuring and aligning the organization strategy
SW¹é¼Ł-³¯°³Æ÷ÇÔÇ¥Áö2013
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WHITE BOOK : KOREA 2013 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WHITE BOOK : KOREA 2013 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WHITE BOOK : KOREA 2013 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WHITE BOOK : KOREA 2013 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Service-Oriented Architecture Copyright Tmax Soft 2005
Service-Oriented Architecture Copyright Tmax Soft 2005 Service-Oriented Architecture Copyright Tmax Soft 2005 Monolithic Architecture Reusable Services New Service Service Consumer Wrapped Service Composite
공휴일 전력 수요에 관한 산업별 분석
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 15, Number 1, March 2016 : pp. 99 ~ 137 공휴일전력수요에관한산업별분석 1) 99 100 ~ 101 102 103 max m ax 104 [ 그림 1] 제조업및서비스업대표업종전력사용량추이 105 106 [ 그림 2] 2014 년일별전자및전자기기업종 AMR
I
I II III (C B ) (C L ) (HL) Min c ij x ij f i y i i H j H i H s.t. y i 1, k K, i W k C B C L p (HL) x ij y i, i H, k K i, j W k x ij y i {0,1}, i, j H. K W k k H K i i f i i d ij i j r ij i j c ij r ij
IDP www idp or kr IDP 정책연구 한국경제의구조적문제와개혁방향 민주정책연구원 The Institute for Democracy and Policies
IDP 정책연구 2011-13 www.idp.or.kr IDP 정책연구 2011-13 한국경제의 구조적 문제와 개혁방향 The Institute for Democracy and Policies 서울시 영등포구 영등포동 6가 133번지 민주정책연구원 Tel : 02.2630.0114 Fax : 02.2630.0194 민주정책연구원 민주정책연구원 IDP 정책연구
06_ÀÌÀçÈÆ¿Ü0926
182 183 184 / 1) IT 2) 3) IT Video Cassette Recorder VCR Personal Video Recorder PVR VCR 4) 185 5) 6) 7) Cloud Computing 8) 186 VCR P P Torrent 9) avi wmv 10) VCR 187 VCR 11) 12) VCR 13) 14) 188 VTR %
슬라이드 1
IT Driving Your Business Innovation-Accelerating ILM Driving Your Business Innovation-Accelerating ILM I. I (Social Responsibility Chain) () (),,.. 3 I 4 I.. - -,. - -.. - - 5 I Enron: ranked 6th in 02
2013<C724><B9AC><ACBD><C601><C2E4><CC9C><C0AC><B840><C9D1>(<C6F9><C6A9>).pdf
11-1140100-000102-01 9 93320 788988 807705 ISBN 978-89-88807-70-5 93320 2013 11 25 2013 11 28,,, FKI ISBN 978-89-88807-70-5 87 www.acrc.go.kr 24 www.fki.or.kr PREFACE CONTENTS 011 017 033 043 051 061
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
( ),,. 1).. 2). 3). 4). KEYWORD :, Data Envelopement Analysis, , %(10 ), 19.6%, 34.8% ,.. (economies of scale) (economies
( ),, 1) 2) 3) 4) KEYWORD :, Data Envelopement Analysis, 1997 488, 1 5 6 30%(10), 196%, 348% 2 2001, (economies of scale) (economies of scope) 1, Data Envelopment Analysis (production frontier) II, DEA
<C3D6C1BE2DBDC4C7B0C0AFC5EBC7D0C8B8C1F62833322D32C8A3292E687770>
유자차 신제품에 대한 소비자 지불의사액 추정 강혜정 최지현 이기웅 유자차 신제품에 대한 소비자 지불의사액 추정 An Analysis on Estimation of Willingness to Pay for the New Products of Citrus Tea Assessed by Korean Consumers 강혜정* 최지현** 이기웅*** 1) Kang,
<BCBCC1BEB4EB BFE4B6F72E706466>
세종대학교요람 Sejong University 2017 2017 Sejong University 4 SEJONG UNIVERSITY www.sejong.ac.kr 5 2017 Sejong University 8 SEJONG UNIVERSITY 10 SEJONG UNIVERSITY www.sejong.ac.kr 11 12 SEJONG UNIVERSITY www.sejong.ac.kr
강의지침서 작성 양식
정보화사회와 법 강의지침서 1. 교과목 정보 교과목명 학점 이론 시간 실습 학점(등급제, P/NP) 비고 (예:팀티칭) 국문 정보화사회와 법 영문 Information Society and Law 3 3 등급제 구분 대학 및 기관 학부(과) 전공 성명 작성 책임교수 법학전문대학원 법학과 최우용 2. 교과목 개요 구분 교과목 개요 국문 - 정보의 디지털화와 PC,
00내지1번2번
www.keit.re.kr 2011. 11 Technology Level Evaluation ABSTRACT The Technology Level Evaluation assesses the current level of industrial technological development in Korea and identifies areas that are underdeveloped
08_¹Úö¼øöKš
M&A 1. M&A M&A M&A M&A M&A 3 2005 1998 M&A 4 15 M&A 129 M&A M&A M&A 2. 2.1. 1973 2 1991 private banking risk management credit scoring system VIP 4 1 10 2 JP M&A 2.2. 1959 1962 1976 1995 130 1982 6 1997
歯CRM개괄_허순영.PDF
CRM 2000. 8. KAIST CRM CRM CRM CRM :,, KAIST : 50%-60%, 20% 60%-80%. AMR Research 10.. CRM. 5. Harvard Business review 60%, 13%. Michaelson & Associates KAIST CRM? ( ),,, -,,, CRM needs,,, dynamically
-
World Top 10 by 2030 CONTENTS CONTENTS 02 03 PRESIDENT S MESSAGE 04 05 VISION GOALS VISION GOALS STRATEGIES 06 07 HISTORY 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 08 09 UNIST POWER 10 11 MPI USTC UNIST UCI UTD U-M GT
03¼ºÅ°æ_2
102 103 R&D closed innovation strategy open innovation strategy spin-off Chesbrough technology marketing IBM Intel P&G IBM Dell Apple Nintendo Acer http //www ibm com/ibm/licensing MIT 1) 104 Bucher et
DW 개요.PDF
Data Warehouse Hammersoftkorea BI Group / DW / 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Automating Informating Source : Kelly, The Data Warehousing : The Route to Mass Customization, 1996. -,, Data .,.., /. ...,.,,,.
FMX M JPG 15MB 320x240 30fps, 160Kbps 11MB View operation,, seek seek Random Access Average Read Sequential Read 12 FMX () 2
FMX FMX 20062 () wwwexellencom sales@exellencom () 1 FMX 1 11 5M JPG 15MB 320x240 30fps, 160Kbps 11MB View operation,, seek seek Random Access Average Read Sequential Read 12 FMX () 2 FMX FMX D E (one
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
歯3이화진
http://www.kbc.go.kr/ Abstract Terrestrial Broadcasters Strategies in the Age of Digital Broadcasting Wha-Jin Lee The purpose of this research is firstly to investigate the
에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 35~55 학술 전력시장가격에대한역사적요인분해 * 35
에너지경제연구제 16 권제 1 호 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 16, Number 1, March 2017 : pp. 35~55 학술 전력시장가격에대한역사적요인분해 * 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 < 표 1> 표본자료의기초통계량 42 [ 그림 1] 표본시계열자료의추이 43 < 표 2> 수준및로그차분변수에대한단위근검정결과
제 출 문 환경부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 습마트기기 활용 환경지킴이 및 교육 통합 서비스 개 발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출합니다. 주관연구기관 : 주관연구기관장 : 2015년 10월 주식회사 덕키즈 김 형 준 (주관)연구책임자 : 문종욱 (주관)참여연구원 : 김형준, 문병
보안과제[ ], 일반과제[ ] 최종보고서 그린 생산소비형태 촉진 기술 Technologies for the facilitation of the green production & a type of consumption 스마트기기 활용 환경지킴이 및 교육통합 서비스 개발 Development for Web/App for environmental protection
Microsoft Word - NEW08_prof. Ma
한국정당의 복지정책과 선거 마인섭(성균관대학교) 1. 서론 이 글은 2010년 이후 복지가 정치의 중요한 쟁점이 된 사회경제의 구조와 정치과정에 관한 연구이다. 2010년 이후 한국정치는 복지국가담론으로 소용돌이치고 있으며 이 복지정치가 선거와 정당을 중심으로 일어나고 있다. 2012년 국회의원선거와 대통령선거를 앞두고 사회복지가 정치권의 핵심화두로 등장하고
±èÇö¿í Ãâ·Â
Smartphone Technical Trends and Security Technologies The smartphone market is increasing very rapidly due to the customer needs and industry trends with wireless carriers, device manufacturers, OS venders,
①국문지리학회지-주성재-OK
Development of the Korean Film Industry and Its Spatial Characteristics: Gangnam Region of Seoul as A New Cluster in A New Renaissance?* Sungjae Choo** : Abstract This study aims to explain the emergence
Microsoft PowerPoint - Freebairn, John_ppt
Tax Mix Change John Freebairn Outline General idea of a tax mix change Some detailed policy options Importance of casting assessment in the context of a small open economy Economic effects of a tax mix
<302DC5EBC0CFB0FA20C6F2C8AD28BFCF292E687770>
72 통일과 평화(창간호 2009) 한반도 통일에 관한 이론적 고찰 전재성(서울대 외교학과) 국문요약 본 논문은 변화하는 국제질서와 한반도 내부의 상황을 고려하여, 21세기 한반도 통일 을 새로운 관점에서 이론적으로 분석하고자 시도한다. 21세기 하나의 주권을 가진 하나 의 국가를 만들고자 하는 통일론은 결국 한반도 거버넌스의 문제이다. 한반도에서 사는 전통적
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum
264 축되어 있으나, 과거의 경우 결측치가 있거나 폐기물 발생 량 집계방법이 용적기준에서 중량기준으로 변경되어 자료 를 활용하는데 제한이 있었다. 또한 1995년부터 쓰레기 종 량제가 도입되어 생활폐기물 발생량이 이를 기점으로 크 게 줄어들었다. 그러므로 1996년부
大 韓 環 境 工 學 會 誌 特 輯 - Special Feature - 263~268. 2008. 인구구조변화에 따른 생활폐기물 발생량 현황 및 전망 서울대학교 보건대학원 Status and Forecast of the Municipal Solid Waste Generation by the Change of Population Structure Sa-rah
<C1B6BBE7BFACB1B85F323031322D30385F5BC3D6C1BEBAB8B0EDBCAD2D3133303131365D2DBCDBC4A1BFF5B9DABBE72DBCF6C1A4BABB2E687770>
발 간 사 창조경제(Creative Economy)의 핵심은 창의성(Creativity)을 지닌 인재의 발굴 과 양성일 것입니다. 미국의 도시경제학자 Richard Florida는 창의적 인재를 경제학 의 관점에서 창의적 계층(Creative Class)으로 규정하고, 노동인구 중에서 창의적 계층의 비중이 높을수록 지역 및 국가의 창의적 역량이 제고될 수 있다고
학습영역의 Taxonomy에 기초한 CD-ROM Title의 효과분석
,, Even the short history of the Web system, the techniques related to the Web system have b een developed rapidly. Yet, the quality of the Webbased application software has not improved. For this reason,
이제는 쓸모없는 질문들 1. 스마트폰 열기가 과연 계속될까? 2. 언제 스마트폰이 일반 휴대폰을 앞지를까? (2010년 10%, 2012년 33% 예상) 3. 삼성의 스마트폰 OS 바다는 과연 성공할 수 있을까? 지금부터 기업들이 관심 가져야 할 질문들 1. 스마트폰은
Enterprise Mobility 경영혁신 스마트폰, 웹2.0 그리고 소셜라이프의 전략적 활용에 대하여 Enterpise2.0 Blog : www.kslee.info 1 이경상 모바일생산성추진단 단장/경영공학박사 이제는 쓸모없는 질문들 1. 스마트폰 열기가 과연 계속될까? 2. 언제 스마트폰이 일반 휴대폰을 앞지를까? (2010년 10%, 2012년 33%
Data Industry White Paper
2017 2017 Data Industry White Paper 2017 1 3 1 2 3 Interview 1 ICT 1 Recommendation System * 98 2017 Artificial 3 Neural NetworkArtificial IntelligenceAI 2 AlphaGo 1 33 Search Algorithm Deep Learning IBM
08SW
www.mke.go.kr + www.keit.re.kr Part.08 654 662 709 731 753 778 01 654 Korea EvaluationInstitute of industrial Technology IT R&D www.mke.go.kr www.keit.re.kr 02 Ministry of Knowledge Economy 655 Domain-Specific
IP IP ICT
1 1 5 1 5 2 6 2 8 1 8 1. 8 2. 10 3. 11 2 12 1. 3 12 2. 13 3. IP 14 4. IP 14 3 15 1. 15 2. 16 4 17 1. ICT 17 2. 21 3. 21 2 3 22 1 22 2 22 4 24 1, IP 24 1. 24 2. MVNO 26 3. 28 4. 30 5. 32 2 36 1. 36 2. 38
歯표지_최종H_.PDF
21 5 LG < > / 5 5 Chen, Roll, Ross,, (-) (+) (-), (-) (+) / (-), (+) J, /, (-) IMF, /,,, 5bp 5bp 1 1 3 ( )/ ( ) ( :p) 1 3 6 / 1-23 45 55 1% 2 33 42 1p 296 234 175 1%p -13 147 171 1%p 1 81 7 1% 48 57 54
., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,
* 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,
<3136C1FD31C8A35FC3D6BCBAC8A3BFDC5F706466BAAFC8AFBFE4C3BB2E687770>
부동산학연구 제16집 제1호, 2010. 3, pp. 117~130 Journal of the Korea Real Estate Analysts Association Vol.16, No.1, 2010. 3, pp. 117~130 비선형 Mankiw-Weil 주택수요 모형 - 수도권 지역을 대상으로 - Non-Linear Mankiw-Weil Model on Housing
` Companies need to play various roles as the network of supply chain gradually expands. Companies are required to form a supply chain with outsourcing or partnerships since a company can not
Main Title
GE Peter S. Pande,, Robert P. Neuman, Ronald R. Cavanagh The SIX SIGMA WAY April 29, 2005 Jin-Ho Jeong,, Ph.D. Competitiveness Valuation International, Inc. Korea Partner of IMD WCY jeong@cvikorea.net
<C7D1B1B9B0E6C1A6BFACB1B8C7D0C8B828C0CCC1BEBFF85FC0CCBBF3B5B75FBDC5B1E2B9E9292E687770>
한국 증권회사의 효율성 분석 이종원* 이상돈** 신기백*** Ⅰ. 서 론 1990년이후 증권시장의 개방화 및 자율화가 진전되어가고 있던 과정에서 1997년 12월 외환 위기사태가 발생하게 되었고, 이후 증권회사의 구조조정 가속화, 외국계 증권회사의 진입 확대 및 IT기술의 발전에 따른 증권 온라인거래의 확대, 외국인의 투자한도 완전철폐에 따른 외국인 거래비중의
슬라이드 1
* BCS : Business Consulting Service ( PwC) ** C&I : Consulting & Integration Organization *** TSG: Technology Solution Group 2/22 - - - * IDC, 2003 ** 2003,, 2004 3/22 * Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create
AT_GraduateProgram.key
Art & Technology Graduate Program M.A.S (Master of Arts & Science) in Art & Technology Why Art Tech Graduate Program? / + + X Why Sogang? - Art/Design + Technology 4 Art & Technology Who is this for? (
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 11, Number 2, September 2012 : pp. 1~26 실물옵션을이용한해상풍력실증단지 사업의경제성평가 1
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 11, Number 2, September 2012 : pp. 1~26 실물옵션을이용한해상풍력실증단지 사업의경제성평가 1 2 3 4 5 6 ln ln 7 8 9 [ 그림 1] 해상풍력단지건설로드맵 10 11 12 13 < 표 1> 회귀분석결과 14 < 표 2> 미래현금흐름추정결과
<C7A5C1F620BEE7BDC4>
연세대학교 상경대학 경제연구소 Economic Research Institute Yonsei Universit 서울시 서대문구 연세로 50 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gS gu, Seoul, Korea TEL: (+82-2) 2123-4065 FAX: (+82- -2) 364-9149 E-mail: yeri4065@yonsei.ac. kr http://yeri.yonsei.ac.kr/new
그림 2. 5G 연구 단체 현황 앞으로 다가올 미래에는 고품질 멀 티미디어 서비스의 본격화, IoT 서 비스 확산 등의 변화로 인해 기하 급수적인 무선 데이터 트래픽 발생 및 스마트 기기가 폭발적으로 증대 할 것으로 예상된다 앞으로 다가올 미래에는 고품질 멀티미디어 서
이동통신기술 5G 이동통신기술 발전방향 새롭게 펼쳐질 미래의 이동통신 세상, 무엇이 달라지는가? 김문홍, 박종한, 나민수, 조성호 SK Telecom 5G Tech Lab 요 약 본고에서는 다가올 미래 5G 이동 통신의 기술 동향, 핵심 기술 및 네트워크 구조변화에 대해서 알아본다. Ⅰ. 서 론 46 과거 2G부터 3G까지의 이동통신은 음성 위주의 서비스 및
<BED6C7C3BCD2BDBA5F4B5350BBFDBBEABCBA31C0E5312D32302E70312E504446>
2011 ISBN 978-89-8063-572-6 94320 ISBN 978-89-8063-562-7 11-1051000-000135-01 Knowledge Sharing Program Preface Contents 4 16 18 19 22 25 25 34 37 37 37 38 39 40 40 43 70 73 73 78 82 82 84 90 93 95 95
2017 1
2017 2017 Data Industry White Paper 2017 1 1 1 2 3 Interview 1 4 1 3 2017IT 4 20161 4 2017 4 * 22 2017 4 Cyber Physical SystemsCPS 1 GEGE CPS CPS Industrial internet, IoT GE GE Imagination at Work2012
Oracle Apps Day_SEM
Senior Consultant Application Sales Consulting Oracle Korea - 1. S = (P + R) x E S= P= R= E= Source : Strategy Execution, By Daniel M. Beall 2001 1. Strategy Formulation Sound Flawed Missed Opportunity
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: Educational Design
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.361-379 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.361 Educational Design for Future Education Purpose: This study examined the
untitled
3 IBM WebSphere User Conference ESB (e-mail : ljm@kr.ibm.com) Infrastructure Solution, IGS 2005. 9.13 ESB 를통한어플리케이션통합구축 2 IT 40%. IT,,.,, (Real Time Enterprise), End to End Access Processes bounded by
10방송통신서비스_내지최종
Contents KOREA COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Chorus Wholesale & lnternational Retail Gen-i AAPT Technology & Shared Services Corporate Centre
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 1, March 2018 : pp. 37~65 가정부문전기수요의결정요인분석 : 동태적패널 FD GMM 기법을중심으로 37
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 17, Number 1, March 2018 : pp. 37~65 가정부문전기수요의결정요인분석 : 동태적패널 FD GMM 기법을중심으로 37 38 39 40 41 ln ln ln ln ln ln ln 42 ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln ln
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 9, Number 2, September 2010 : pp. 19~41 석유제품브랜드의자산가치측정 : 휘발유를 중심으로 19
에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 9, Number 2, September 2010 : pp. 19~41 석유제품브랜드의자산가치측정 : 휘발유를 중심으로 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 < 표 1> 석유제품속성과수준 26 [ 그림 1] 휘발유선택질문 27 ~ ~ < 표 2> 표본의특성 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
<30382E20B1C7BCF8C0E720C6EDC1FD5FC3D6C1BEBABB2E687770>
정보시스템연구 제23권 제1호 한국정보시스템학회 2014년 3월, pp. 161~184 http://dx.doi.org/10.5859/kais.2014.23.1.161 베이비붐세대의 디지털라이프 지수* 1) 권순재**, 김미령*** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 기존문헌 연구 2.1 베이비붐세대의 현황과 특성 2.2 베이비붐의 세대이 정보화 연구 Ⅲ. 연구내용 및 방법 Ⅳ.
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
<313120C0AFC0FCC0DA5FBECBB0EDB8AEC1F2C0BB5FC0CCBFEBC7D15FB1E8C0BAC5C25FBCF6C1A42E687770>
한국지능시스템학회 논문지 2010, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 375-379 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 강인한 Support vector machine 설계 Design of Robust Support Vector Machine Using Genetic Algorithm 이희성 홍성준 이병윤 김은태 * Heesung Lee, Sungjun Hong,
08_À±¹ÎÈ£0927
240 241 DRAM DRAM DRAM 1) Vernon 2) 242 DRAM Kim and Lee 3) Large Diversified Firm Small Speicilized Firm DRAM DRAM DRAM Mathews 4) TFT-LCD DRAM DRAM Perez and Soete 5) 243 Lee Lim and Song TV 6) Kim and
13 Who am I? R&D, Product Development Manager / Smart Worker Visualization SW SW KAIST Software Engineering Computer Engineering 3
13 Lightweight BPM Engine SW 13 Who am I? R&D, Product Development Manager / Smart Worker Visualization SW SW KAIST Software Engineering Computer Engineering 3 BPM? 13 13 Vendor BPM?? EA??? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/business_process_management,
The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo
The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil
OP_Journalism
1 non-linear consumption 2 Whatever will change television will do so by re-defining the core product not just the tools we use to consume it. by Horace Dediu, Asymco 3 re-defining the core product not
표현의 자유
49 정보 인권과 민주주의를 위한 입법 과제 장여경* 오병일* 정민경* 1) 목 차 I. 문제 제기 1. 정보화 정책의 주요 문제점과 과제 2. 대안으로서 정보인권 II. 표현의 자유 1. 개념 2. 입법 과제 III. 프라이버시권 1. 개념 2. 입법 과제 IV. 정보문화향유권 1. 개념 2. 입법 과제 V. 정보접근권과 인터넷 망중립성 1. 개념 2. 입법
, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). *
, 40 12 (2006 6) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). * 40, 40 12 (EPQ; economic production quantity). (setup cost) (setup time) Bradley
국제무역론-02장
1 1 ( 27 ). 2, 3, 4. - 5. 6,. 7. 2... 17 20... 32 1.? ( ).?? 2.?,? 17 18, (Adam Smith). 40 (David Ricardo).,.,,. 20 (Gottfried Haberler). 2 2. 2 2.,. 6., 7. 1776. 1776,,,., 17 18 (,, ).,. 33 (1571 1641).