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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 4, pp. 208~213, Develpment f Helical Antenna using Micrwave ZST Ceramics Jng-Bae Lee, Yungjin Yk, H-Yng Sin, Hyung-Sun Kim*, Jng-In Im Simulatin Center, Krea Institute f Ceramic Engineering Technlgy, Seul , Krea *Department f Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Inchen , Krea (Received January 15, 2008; Accepted April 14, 2008) j q ZST w Helical Antenna Á Á y Á½x *Á ( )» l * w w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT In this study, helical antenna with micrwave ZST ceramics was designed using finite element methd and develped. Studied parameters are relative dielectric cnstant f the dielectric cre and the width f the cnductin metal band f the antenna. As shwn in the results, the center frequency f the antenna was decreased as the dielectric cnstant increased. Als beam width f the antenna increased as bth the dielectric cnstant and the cnductin band width increased. Based n the designed ptimal shape, the manufactured antenna has the gd beam width at center frequency 1.58 GHz. KeyG wrds : Helical antenna, Micrwave ZST ceramic, Finite element methd(fem), Radiatin pattern, Frequency 1. m s ƒ» l ù ww wš.» lù w m ƒ wš { ƒ rw w w w ûƒ x lù(retractable Antenna) w.» lù y» k m y k ƒƒ ww ƒ lùƒ w xk š, e myƒ ƒ w v x f(helical) lù myt» w s (Mnple) lùƒ t x.» x lù q w q œ ¼ s lùƒ». ü x lù Patchx SMDx lù, PCBx, PIPAx lù š,» w y š. ü x s lù my» k x f l ù w» w» d ü k {. ù ql xkƒ š,» w ƒ yw Crrespnding authr : Jng-In Im jngin@kicet.re.kr Tel : Fax : w m w š p x lù v w. 1-3) x f/ s wx lù x SMD lù ww x w š p x f lù wš w. w š q w, t d wš, 4-5) x f lù p w mw lù x w š w. w w x f lù w p sƒwš w. 2. x 2.1. p sƒ š q Zr 0.8 Sn 0.2 TiO 4 ( w ZST ) š ZrO 2 (99.9%, Shwa Chemicals Inc.), SnO 2 (99.9%, Hayashi Pure Chemical Ind.), TiO 2 (99.9%, Janssen Chemica) wš, 1,100 C 3 w w w. ZST ZnO 1wt% ƒw. ZST x 1,250~1,400 C 12 w wš, ƒ š q p e w. p d š q d wjg 6)(Fig. 1) w ZST t 208
2 마이크로파 ZST 세라믹을 이용한 Helical Antenna 개발 Fig Phtgraphs f the measuring equipment fr dielectric cnstant. 질계수를 측정하였다. 안테나의 특성 해석 본 연구에서는 고주파수 안테나의 특성분석을 위하여 상용의 고주파수 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 HFSS v.10(ansft 사)을 사용하였고, ZST 헬리컬 안테나의 특성을 해석하 기 위한 유한모델을 Fig. 2에 나타내었다. 세라믹 헬리컬 안테나는 핵심소재인 유전체 세라믹스와 나선형의 도체 로 구성되어 있고, 유전체 소재의 재질특성 및 나선 도체 의 수, 폭, 나선의 각도 등이 안테나의 특성에 영향을 미 친다. 본 연구에서는 세라믹 안테나의 재질 변수로써 세 라믹 유전체의 상대유전율을 36에서 40까지 변하시고, 네 개의 나선형 도체의 폭을 1~1.3 mm까지 변화시켜 안테 나의 특성을 해석하였다. Fig. 3. The XRD patterns f the ZST ceramics at varius sintering temperature Helical 3. 결과 및 고찰 세라믹스의 유전특성 본 연구에서 제조한 ZST 세라믹의 미세구조 및 유전특 성을 분석하고, 그 결과를 Fig. 3부터 Fig. 5까지 나타내 었다. Fig. 3과 Fig. 4는 ZST 소결체의 미세구조를 나타내 3.1. ZST Fig. 2. Fig. 4. The micrstructure f the ZST ceramics at different sintering temperature : (a) 1,250 C, (b) 1,300 C, (c) 1,350 C, and (d) 1,400 C. FE mdel f the ZST helical antenna. (a) gemetry and (b) meshed shape. 제 45 권 제 4호(2008)
3 이종배 육영진 신호용 김형순 임종인 210 Fig. 6. Fig. 5. Schematic diagram f the helical antenna with the dielectric ceramic cre. The influence f the sintering temperature n the (a) relative dielectric cnstant(ε ) and (b) quality factr f the ZST ceramic. r 었으며, Fig. 5는 ZST의 소결온도에 따른 상대유전율 및 품질계수의 변화를 나타내었다. ZST 세라믹스 소결체는 XRD 결과에서 알 수 있듯이 단일상으로 형성되어 있고(Fig. 3), 소결온도가 증가함에 따라 기공이 감소하며 입자크기는 10 µm 이상 커지는 것 을 확인할 수 있었다(Fig. 5). 특히 1,350 C부터 급격하게 입경이 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Fig. 5의 ZST 세라믹스의 유전특성 변화에서 알 수 있 듯이, 소결온도가 증가함에 따라 상대유전율은 약 35부터 38 정도까지 증가하고, 소결온도가 1,300 C 이상일 때는 거의 균일한 유전특성을 보이고 있다. 이는 소결체의 미 세구조에서 알 수 있듯이 내부 기공감소로 인한 소결밀 도의 증가가 그 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 소결온도 가 증가함에 따라 ZST 소결체의 품질계수는 대략 43,000 부터 57,000까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 7. Influence f the dielectric cnstant n the antenna s characteristics. (a) return lss, (b) radiatin pattern.
4 마이크로파 ZST 세라믹을 이용한 Helical Antenna 개발 Fig Influence f the width f the cnductin band n the antenna s characteristics. (a) return lss, (b) radiatin pattern. 이상의 결과로부터 ZST 세라믹스의 적정 소결온도는 약 1,400 C이고, ZST 소결체의 상대유전율 및 품질계수 는 각각 약 38 및 57,000 정도인 것으로 분석되었다. 헬리컬 안테나의 특성 해석 ZST 헬리컬 안테나는 Fig. 6에 나타낸 것과 같이 유전 체 코아, 나선형 도체로 구성된 방사부, 슬리브 바룬(Sleeve Balun), 입력 전선 등으로 구성되어 있고, 안테나의 특성 에 가장 많이 영향을 주는 부분은 유전체 코아와 나선형 도체의 방사부의 형상이다. ZST 헬리컬 안테나의 유전체 코아의 유전특성 및 방사 부 형상 변화에 따른 안테나의 중심주파수 및 방사패턴 변화를 분석하고, 그 결과를 Fig. 7에서 Fig. 9까지 나타 내었다. Fig. 7은 유전체 코아의 상대유전율 변화에 헬리 컬 안테나의 반사 손실계수(S11) 및 방사패턴을 분석한 결과이고, Fig. 8은 나선형 방사부의 금속 도체 폭의 변 3.2. ZST Fig. 9. The simulatin result f the ZST helical Antenna having the ptimal gemetry. (a) return lss, (b) Smith chart, (c) radiatin pattern. 제 45 권 제 4호(2008)
5 이종배 육영진 신호용 김형순 임종인 212 The Simulatin Results f the ZST Helical Antenna Having Optimal Shape Classificatin Simulatin results Center Frequency(GHz) 1.58 VSWR Gain(dB) Radiatin Angle(degree) 80 Table 1. 화에 따라 안테나의 특성변화를 분석한 결과를 나타내었다. 유전체 세라믹의 상대유전율 변화에 따른 안테나의 특 성을 분석한 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 동일한 크기의 유전 체 소자를 사용할 경우, 유전체의 상대 유전율이 증가함 에 따라 안테나의 중심주파수는 약 1.63 GHz부터 1.5 GHz 까지 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 유전체의 상대유 전율이 36부터 40까지 증가함에 따라 안테나의 방사패턴 은 개선되는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 안테나의 작동주 파수를 우선적으로 고려할 경우, 약 1.57 GHz 정도의 중 심주파수를 갖는 유전체 헬리컬 안테나를 제작하기 위해 서는 상대유전율이 약 38정도인 유전체 소자를 사용하는 것이 바람직 한 것으로 분석되었다. 방사부의 나선형 금속도체의 폭 변화에 따른 안테나특 성 분석 결과에서 알 수 있듯이(Fig. 8), 도체의 폭이 1에 서 1.3 mm까지 증가함에 따라 증심주파수는 증가하다 다 시 감소하는 경향을 보이고, 반사손실특성은 2 db부터 10d B까지 급격하게 변화하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 도체의 폭이 증가함에 따라 방사패턴 역시 향상되는 것 으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 최적형상을 갖는 유전체 헬리컬 안 테나의 특성을 해석하고, 그 결과인 Fig. 9 및 Table. 1에 나타내었다. 유전체 코아의 상대유전율이 38이고, 나선형 도체의 폭이 1.13 mm인 경우, ZST 헬리컬 안테나의 중심 주파수는 약 1.58 GHz 이고, 이득은 약 16.8 db, 방사각 은 약 80 정도로 분석되었다. 헬리컬 안테나 시제품의 특성 본 연구에서 제조한 ZST 유전체 세라믹스를 이용하여 최적형상을 갖는 헬리컬 안테나를 제조하고, 그 특성을 3.3. ZST Fig. 10. (a) Hrizntal view and (b) Vertical view f the manufactured ZST helical antenna. 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 11. Measuring results f the ZST helical antenna. (a) Return lss, (b) Smith chart, (c) radiatin pattern.
6 q w (EMW lù( )) d w. Fig. 10 ùkü 11.6 mm 19.5 mm ZST Cu w ZST x f lù w. w ZST x f lù t p d ùkü Fig. 11, q 1.57 GHz š, 20 db. w d w p 52 Ω e v yw p ƒ š y w. 4. ZST w w š p Twist Lp lù wš w. w ZST wš, x f lù p w w x w. w ZST x f lù w p d w., ZST t ƒƒ 38 57,000 p. š x f lù q g ƒw w w š, lù w ù x s ƒw ƒw. x f lù ù x s ƒw w. l q ƒƒ 1.57 GHz 20 db š yw w p j q ZST w Helical Antenna 213 w ZST w x f lù w. REFERENCE 1. S.-H. Sim, C.-Y. Kang, J.-W. Chi, Y.-J. Yn, S.-J. Yn, and H.-J. Kim, Multilayer Helical Diple Antenna fr IMT Handset, Materia ls Chemistry and Physics, (2003). 2. K. H. Yn and E. S. Kim, Dielectric Characteristics f Zircnium Tin Titanium Ceramics at Micrwave Frequencies, Mater. Res. Bull., 30 [7] (1995). 3. J. M. Lee, C. I. Jen, and B. S. Lee, Design f Ceramic Chip Antenna fr Bluetth Applicatins Using Meander Lines, Antennas and Prpagatin Sciety Internatinal Sympsium, IEEE, (2002). 4. A. Iachim, M. G. Banciu, M. I. Tacsan, L. Nedelcu, D. Ghetu, H. V. Alexandru, G. Stica, G. Annin, M. Cassettari, and M. Martinelli, Nickel-dped (Zr 0.8, Sn 0.2 )TiO 4 fr Micrwave and Millimeter-wave Applicatins, Materials Science and Engineering B (2005). 5. Guhua Huang, Dngxiang Zhu, Jianmei Xu, Xiaping Chen, Dali Zhang, Wenzhng Lu, and Buyin Li, Lw- Temperature Sintering and Micrwave Dielectric Prperties f (Zr,Sn)TiO 4 Ceramics, Materials Science and Engineering B (2003). 6. B. W. Hakki and P. D. Cleman, A Dielectric Resnatr Methd f Measuring Inductive Capacities in the Millimeter Range, Micrwave Thery and Techniques, IEEE Transactins n, 8 [4] (1960). 45«4y(2008)
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