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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 5, pp. 445~449, 010. DOI: /KCERS Blating Mechanism f Artificial Lightweight Aggregate fr Recycling the Waste Glass Shin Hyu Kang and Ki Gang Lee Department f Advanced Material Science and Engineering, Kynggi University, Suwn , Krea (Received July 7, 010; Revised August 16, 010; Accepted August 1, 010) s y w œ s» {Á»» w œw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT The purpse f this study is t imprve recycling rate f the waste glasses by investigating blating mechanism. In this study, we use waste glass(w/g) and hard clay(h/c) as raw materials. The artificial lightweight aggregates were frmed by plastic frming(φ =10 mm) and sintered by fast firing methd at different temperatures(between 700 and 150 C). The physical prperties f the aggregates such as bulk specific gravity, adsrptin and micrstructure f surface and crss-sectin are investigated with the sintering temperature and rate f W/G-H/C cntents. As the result f the bulk specific gravity graphs, we can fund ut the inflectin pint at cntent f W/G 60 wt%. Frm the micrstructure images, we cnsidered the artificial lightweight aggregates cntent f W/ G ver 60wt% are distributed numerus micr-pres by rganic xidatin withut Black Cre and the artificial lightweight aggregates f W/G belw 60 wt% are distributed macr-pres with Black Cre. KeyG wrds : Waste glass, Hard clay, Artificial lightweight aggregate, Recycle, Blating mechanism 1. ü 40 m 6%ƒ w q, 6%ƒ t, 58%ƒ» sww t š. ù y y s ƒwš z y s y ƒ z š. 1) m s» x q (flat glass), œ (hallw glass), (fiber glass) š Ÿw (ptical glass) y v p s» w û. w t ƒ w y w w y t ƒƒeƒ ûš, t p ¾ w Crrespnding authr : Ki Gang Lee gglee@kynggi.ac.kr Tel : Fax : y š. ) wr, w s w ƒ mw gj p yy y w, s y w, 1) ü y w )» y œw. ù ü y 4) y w û w ù, y 5% w, k 5) 6) s y w ù, ½ ¼ 1) s k w w ù, s ƒ w w w x š w w ù y œw j y. w ù mw», w w s 10 m wù ¾ y» w. s w w»œ s,»œ,, j» š x p ƒ w 7) œ wš s» ³ w, s y 445

2 446 {Á» Table 1. Chemical Cmpsitin f Hard Clay and Glass Pwder Hard Clay Waste Glass Pwder Ig. lss SiO Al O Fe O CaO MgO Na O K O TiO P O Cr O MnO Ttal Fig. 1. Particle size distributin fr hard clay after pin milling. ƒ w wš y k œ wš w.. x.1. x m sw f p Ÿ, s R O(Na O+K O)ƒ 1.7 wt% RO(CaO+ MgO)ƒ 11.4 wt%, RO (SiO )ƒ 65.6 wt% x Sda-lime. w s m yw Table 1 ùkü (XRF, ZSX-100e, Rigaku, Japan). s w g œ w» w m s Pin mill w Table. Batch and Heat Treatment Temperature fr Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Waste Glass Pwder(wt%) Hard Clay(wt%) w. Fig. 1 m s ùküš. m s³ 0 µm, s w. s m X- z (XRD, RINT- 8100H/PC, Rigaku, Japan) mw d w š, TG/DTA (STA 409 C/CD, Netzsch. C., Ger.) mw p r... œ s m yw g œ w» w s m ƒƒ 10 mm x xw š, s 100% x 700 C ~800 C 50 C x n w 10 w z j w, m 100% x 1100 C~150 C 50 C w. k s m 10 wt% eyw yw z g œ xw š, yw ƒ w w. ƒ yw Table ùkü. z KS L 114 ³ w v d w, ƒ w Camscpe(DSC-105, Smetech Visin, Krea) mw w.. š Heat Treatment Temp.( C) G , 750, G9C , 850 G8C , 850, G7C , 950 G6C G5C G4C GC GC G1C C , 1050, 1100, , 1150, 100, ƒ p ƒ w XRD Fig. ùkü. w wz

3 폐유리를 재활용한 인공경량골재의 발포기구 Fig.. XRD patterns f (a) waste glass pwder and (b) hard clay. 폐유리는 비정질상을, 적점토는 규석과 Albite가 혼합된 결정상을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. Fig. 은 각 원료에 대한 TG/DTA 결과를 나타내고 있 다. 폐유리는 약 50 C 부근에서 발열반응과 동시에 무게 감소가 일어나는 것으로 이는 유기물 산화에 의한 것이 며, 약 700 C 부근의 미약한 흡열반응은 폐유리의 연화반 응에 기인한 것이다. 또한 적점토는 약 550 C 부근에서 흡열반응이 일어나며 무게감량이 일어나는 것은 Kalinite 광물의 결정수 증발에 의한 것으로 사료되며 XRD 분석 에서 발견되지 않은 Kalinite광물이 존재하는 것으로 판 단된다. 폐유리 100 wt%와 적점토 100 wt%로 제작된 인공경량골 재의 소성실험 결과 폐유리 100 wt% 인공경량골재는 750 C 에서 발포하여 부피비중이 1 이하로 나타났으며(Fig. 5), 이 는 Fig. 의 TG/DTA 분석에서 알 수 있듯이 약 700 C 부 근의 연화점과 유기물의 산화로 인하여 발포된 것으로 사 Fig TG-DTA f (a) waste glass pwder and (b) hard clay. 료된다. 또한 적점토 100 wt% 인공경량골재는 전혀 발포가 일어나지 않고 소결이 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 인공경량골재의 각 조성에 따른 물성 에코 인공경량골재는 발포에 의하여 경량화가 일어나 는 것으로 발포기구는 발포가스의 발생과 발생되는 가스 를 포집해 줄 수 있는 표면의 형성이다. 발포가스의 종류 는 아래와 같다. H O(l) H O(g) (1) () CmHn+(m+n/4)O mco (g)+n/h O(g) CaCO CaO+CO (g) () Fe O FeO Fe O +1/O (4) 식 (1)은 층간수, 결정수의 증발에 의해 일어나는 반응.. 제 47 권 제 5호(010)

4 강신휴 이기강 448 Fig. 5. Fig. 4. Crss-sectin images f artificial lightweight aggregate (S/ G = 1.1). 으로 펄라이트나 팽창혈암의 발포에 이용된다. 식 ()는 유기물의 산화이며 폐유리의 발포가 여기에 포함된다. 식 ()은 석회석의 하소반응이며 발포유리의 대표적 발포기 구이다. 식 (4)는 1000 C 이상의 고온에서 일어나는 환원 반응으로 인공경량골재의 발포기구이다. 이러한 4가지 발 포가스 생성 반응은 발포가스를 포집할 수 있는 표면의 거동과 밀접한 관계를 가지는데 이는 점성거동과 표면치 밀화로 정의될 수 있다. 점성거동은 주로 유리와 같은 저융점 화합물에서 일어 나는 거동으로 연화점 이상의 온도에서 표면이 점성거동 을 함으로써 발포에 의한 부피팽창률을 크게 할 수 있어 초경량골재 제조가 가능하다. 그러나 표면이 액상이므로 골재들끼리의 융착을 방지하기가 쉽지 않아 주로 패널 형 태나 타일 형태의 발포유리 제조에 사용된다. 표면치밀화는 표면기공이 치밀화에 의해 작아지면서 골 재 내부에서 생성되는 발포가스에 비해 골재 밖으로 배 출되는 속도가 표면에서 지연되면서 내부 발포가 일어나 는 기구이다. 이러한 기구는 내부 발포가스의 포획이 적 기 때문에 초경량골재 제조에는 적합하지 않으나 부피비 중 1.5 정도의 인공경량골재 제조에는 골재들간의 융착현 상이 발생하지 않아 많이 이용되고 있다. 따라서 폐유리-적점토 에코 인공경량골재 제조방법을 연구하기 위해서는 발포기구 확립이 우선되어야 하므로 폐유리-적점토 조성별 에코 인공경량골재를 제조하여 급 속 소성하에 물성 및 미세구조 관찰을 하였다. Fig. 4에 부피비중이 1.1이 되는 에코 인공경량골재의 미세구조를 Camscpe를 통해 관찰한 것을 나타내었다. 폐 유리가 60 wt% 이상일 경우는 에코 인공경량골재의 단면 에 Black Cre가 없이 미세한 기공이 매우 많이 분포되 어 있고, 반면 폐유리 함량이 60 wt% 이하인 골재에서는 Black Cre가 생성되어 있음을 볼 수 있다. Black Cre란 위 식 (4)에서 환원반응으로 골재 내부가 검은색을 보이 Crss-sectin images f artificial lightweight aggregate (S/ G < 1.0). 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 6. Blating temperature f artificial lightweight aggregate (a) S/G = 1.1 (b) S/G < 1.0. 는 것을 의미하며 Black Cre 부위의 기공이 온도가 올 라갈수록 크기가 커지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. Fig. 5에 사진은 부피비중 1 이하의 에코 인공경량골재 의 미세구조를 Camscpe를 통해 관찰한 것을 나타내었다.

5 Fig. 4 ƒ Black Cre ƒ s w 60 wt%» y, w» œ j» s w 60 wt% w»œ s s w 60 wt% w» œ w s» ƒ y w. s - m g œ s» ³ w» w ƒ v w ƒ Fig. 6 w. Fig. 6(a), (b) v s 60 wt%- m 40 wt%»»»ƒ Fig. 4 Fig. 5 s w 60 wt% g œ Black Cre ƒ w»œ s š, s w 60 wt% w Black Creƒ y w. s ƒ 60 wt% t sƒ ()» y w q. ù s w 60% w t w t t e y sƒ (4)» Black Creƒ. s» y x v 1 wƒ y w, Fig. 6(b) Fig. 6(a) s w 60 wt%»»»ƒ y. w Fig. 6 s 60 wt% w s»» w, s 60 wt% s»» ew x w. 4. 1) s x Sda-lime,» w wš. w, m ³, Albite Kalinite Ÿ w w f p mÿ. ) s g œ» y w s y w œ s» 449 s y 750 C sw v 1 w y. ) s w 60 wt% g œ» y w sƒ t w s, w. 4) s w 60 wt% w g œ y y w sƒ t e y w s, w. Acknwledgment 008 w w. REFERENCES 1. Y. K. Kim, Y. G. Jung, J. B. Sng, M. C. Shin, and H. S. Lee, Fabricatin and Physical Prperties f Tiles Recycled Waste Glass, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 4 [] (005).. P. Rb, Recycling Data-Techniques and Trends, Duales System Deutschland GmbH, Germany, C. D. Jhnsn, Waste Glass as Carse Aggregate fr Cncrete, J. Test. Eva., 1-6 (1974). 4. H. Y. Lee, K. J. Mun, C. W. Lee, and Y. S. Sh, The Effect f Glass-abrasive Sludge n Prperties f Lightweight Aggregate Using Sewage Sludge, Arch. Insti. Kr., 5 [1] (005). 5. C. T. Lee and H. G. Lee, Prductin f Famed Glass by Using Hydrlysis f Waste Glass(I) - Hydrlysis f Waste Glass, J. Kr. Indus. and Eng. Chem., 16 [4] (005). 6. D. S. Um, H. C. Kim, H. J. Kim, C. H. Oh, and C. T. Lee, Study n Physical Characteristics f Glass fr the Preparatin f Faming Glass frm Waste Glass, App. Chem., [1] 15-8 (1999). 7. S. G. Kang, Effect f Shell Structure f Artificial Lightweight Aggregates n the Emissin Rate f Absrbed Water, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 45 [11] (008). 47«5y(010)

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