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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 48, N. 1, pp. 46~51, 011. DOI: /KCERS Develpment f Ceramics Bdy using Waste Bne China JeaIl Lee, YngSek Lee, and ByungHa Lee Department f Ceramic Engineering, Myngji University, Yngin 44978, Krea (Received Octber 6, 010; Revised Octber 0, 010; Accepted Nvember, 010) s ù y w» Á Á w w œw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT The influx f Western culture and the fd culture have altered the tableware f Krea, increasing the amunt f using tableware. The representative tableware is knwn as bne china. Cnsidering nt nly the amunt f bne china waste generated frm brken tableware at hmes and but als faulty bne china prducts at factries, the bne china waste dispsed in simple landfills is t be a serius envirnmental prblem t slve. In this study, fllwing the research n develpment f ceramics bdy using waste celadn f which the pssibility was cnfirmed, develpment f ceramics bdy is cnducted by recycling waste bne china. Frm the result f the study, it was understd that maximum additin f waste bne china was 0% f the whle material n the basis f measurement f plasticity. S 0% f pulverized bne china was added and the characteristics were evaluated, and the result was that prsity, water absrptivity and plasticity were 0.756%, 0.339% and 4.13%, respectively. Bending strength was 67 kgf/cm, which shwed a gd sintering cnditin. Therefre, it was cnsidered that waste bne china culd be utilized fr develpment f new prcelain material. Key wrds : Recycling, Waste, Bne china, Ceramics bdy 1.» w ù w y ù s š. w y ƒ q š ù ù œ œ w w ù w s»ƒ wš. w ù t š, q ù ù, y wš, w š ƒw y š. w s» w y w wš w š. l»» x Crrespnding authr : ByungHa Lee lbh@mju.ac.kr Tel : Fax : ) ƒ w š, p y w,» w ƒ y š ù, ù, s» w y, y w w k. s» w» ƒ y w ù q» y w» 1) q» y w» 13) ü š s ù» y w» ww š w. s ù w» w w w y w w y, p» y» z q.. x.1. w s ù 46
2 폐본차이나를 활용한 도자기 소지 개발 Chemical Cmpsitins f Raw Materials fr Standard Pttery Bdies (wt%) NaO CaO MgO TiO Materials KO China Clay NZKalin Teabeck Pttery Stne Buye Quartz Buye Feldspar Alumina 47 Table 1. Chemical Cmpsitins f W.B. (wt%) SiO AlO3 FeO3 W.B FeO AlO SiO Ig.lss PO Ig.lss Table. Fig. 1. CaO 5.81 Particle size distributin analysis f waste W.B after ballmilling. 내에서 시판되고 있는 중국점토, 뉴질랜드카올린, 태백도 석, 부여규석, 부여장석, 알루미나로서 행하였다. 사용되어 진 출발원료에 대한 성분 분석 결과를 Table 1에 나타내었다. 폐본차이나(W.B.: Waste Bne China)는 국내에서 생산 되고 있는 본차이나 제조업체에서 공정상 결함으로 인해 폐기된 폐본차이나를 수거하여 사용하였다. Table 에 수 거된 폐본차이나의 성분 분석 결과를 나타내었다. 우선 수거된 폐본차이나는 프래트밀(Flat Mill)과 볼밀(Ball Mill) 로서 분쇄하여 35 mesh 표준체에 전통시켜 미분체로 제 조한 후 소지조합에 첨가하는 실험에 사용하였다. 분쇄된 폐본차이나 분말의 입도분포를 입도분석기(SALD7101, Shimadzu, Japan)로 확인한 결과, Fig. 1에 보인 바와 같이 MgO 0.75 Fig.. KO 0.8 NaO 0.3 XRD pattern f waste W.B. 0.4~40 µm의 입도를 나타내었으며, 이때의 평균입도는 9 µm 였다. 또한 분쇄한 파도자기의 결정상을 확인하기 위해 X선 회절분석(XRD7000, Shimadzu, Japan)을 행한 결과, Fig. 에서와 같이 주결정상은 Ca Mg P O 가 존재하는 것이 관찰되어졌다. 여기에서 관찰된 결정질 뿐만 아니라 첨가되어 있는 유약 등의 유리질 성분이 결정생성 및 성 장에 영향을 미쳐 소결밀도 향상 및 강도증진 등의 물성 측면에서 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단되어, 폐 본차이나 또한 도자기용 원료로서 사용 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다. 본 연구에 있어 조합되어진 조성은 Table 3과 같다. Mineral Cmpsitins f Standard Bne China Bdies (wt%) Materials China Clay NZKalin Teabeck Pttery Stne Buye Quartz B1 B B3 B Table 3. Buye Feldspar Alumina 4 W.B 제 48 권 제1 호(011)
3 48 Á Á w.. x..1. w s ù y w w» w» x q ù 30% ƒw, w ù» xk ƒ y wš,» w ³ ù ƒ jš yw š, ƒ y» w e m ƒ k w, ƒ, w y w l y wš» w Table 3 s ù y e, yww. z 16~18% ƒ w z, 7 w xr w.... r x ƒ w, yw p d w» w šx w xr w. d mm x(bar Type), d φ5 4mm x(disc Type) xr xw š, w y d mm x(bar Type) xr ƒƒ xw...3. xw xr { ù, ƒ w» w 4, 7 k z,» ww. g p vƒ (Silicnite muffle Furnace) w ~900 C¾ 5 C/min, 900 C 1180~140 C¾ 3C/min w. z 1 w z þƒw..3. p.3.1. ƒ x ƒ t x w ƒ p t w. ƒ d w, r r f (Pfeffer Krn Methd) w 1,19 g 186 mm 38 mm, 40 mm x x w x z x a wš X, w Y t w aƒ 3.3 w ƒ e w eƒ j ƒ. x 38 mm, 40 mm p w km š ü x š z d w a w X v t wš, d óù km d w Y v t w. w km ƒw wš, 3 d w a w d w v t w a X v 3.3 ¾ d w ƒ e w..3.. DTTG ƒ w w,, y w» w DT TGA(DTG60H, Shimadzu, Japan) 100 C¾ w w SEM d ƒ w r wš, ƒ xr q SEM(SS550, Shimadzu, Japan) w d»» w x z p,»œ, p w. xr,»œ,» d KS L3114 w, KS L4004 d» d w. w y d xr { d w w, d UTM(MKS TypePP650D, Scientific Instrument, JAPAN) 3 x d w. 3. š 3.1. ƒ d yww w w ƒ d, rr f (Pfeffer Krn methd) w d wwš Fig. 3 ùkü., B1 : 4.68%, B : 4.13% B3 : 3.65%, B4 : 3.54% ùkü q» ƒ ƒ ƒ w, XRD s ù ƒ CaMg PO 4 ƒ ww» ƒ. w, t ƒ m ƒ d 36.40%, m 36.45%, Snw Bne China 8.18%, ƒ 6.5% w û e ù, B ¾ x w t x j. ù ƒ d 3% w B3 x š, x ƒ wù B4 x w q» ƒ w 0% š q. w wz
4 s ù y w» 49 Fig. 3. Result f measurement f plasticity by Pfeffer Krn Methd. Fig. 5. Drying shrinkage rate and firing shrinkage rate f each cmpsitins. Fig. 6. Prsity and water absrptin rate f each cmpsitins sintered at 100 C. Fig. 4. DTTG curve f standard bne china bdy. 3.. DTTG s ùƒ ƒ ƒ p y y w» w DTTG wwš, B Fig. 4 ùkü. 0 C 450 C» w w vj ƒ y 1000 C s ù ƒw» ü p vjƒ» w š d »» d Table 3» s ù ƒw z, d wš, Fig. 5 ùkü. d w ƒ sww B1 l B4 ƒ ƒ w w ùk ü. w, ƒ 100 C w z d w B1 l B4 s ù ƒ ƒ ƒw w. s ù e m P O 5 ƒ w ƒ wš, ù. ƒ 100 C w z,»œ d w Fig. 6 ùkü.»œ, B1 : 0.764% B4 : 0.630%, 48«1y(011)
5 이제일 이용석 이병하 50 Fig. 7. SEM phtgraphs f each cmpsitins sintered at 100C. Fig. 8. Bending strength f each cmpsitins sintered at 100C. 의 경우에도 B1 : 0.347%로부터 B4 : 0.8%로 수축율의 평가에서와 같은 이유에 의해 폐본차이나 분말 첨가량의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다 SEM 분석 기공률 및 흡수율의 변화에 대한 이유를 확인해 보고 자, 100 C로 소성한 시험편의 미세구조를 관찰하고, 그 결과를 Fig. 7에 나타내었다. 다수 기공들이 관찰되어지 던 B1에서부터 폐본차이나 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 큰 변화는 없었으나 폐본차이나 분쇄분이 40% 첨가된 B4 에서는 기공이 감소하였다. 소지 상태에서는 소결이 진행 되어서 과 소성되어 지고 있다 굽힘강도 및 하중연화 다음으로 100 C로 소성한 각 조성에 대해 굽힘강도 측 정을 행하고 그 결과를 Fig. 8에 나타내었다. B1 조성의 굽힘강도값은 656 kgf/cm 를 나타내었고, B 조성은 67 kgf/cm 으로서 본 실험범위에서는 가장 높은 강도값 을 보였다. 이후 30% 이상의 폐본차이나가 들어간 B3와 B4 조성에서는 각각 660 kgf/cm, 635 kgf/cm 으로 측정 되어 앞서 측정한 물성평가 결과에서와 같이 유리상의 증 가가 강도의 저하에 기인한 것이라 판단되었다. Fig. 9는 1180~140 C의 온도에서 각각 소성한 시편에 대해 하중연화 측정을 행하고, 그 측정 결과를 나타낸 것 으로서, 일반적으로 4~6 mm 정도의 변형률을 가진 소지 까지는 제품 생산이 가능하다는 점을 감안하면, 100 C 소성의 B의 경우 3.8 mm의 변형률로 충분히 도자기 생 산에 적용 가능하다고 할 수 있다. 또한 100 C의 B3와 10 C의 B까지도 사용 가능한 변형수치로 나타났다. 따라서, 도자기로서 적용 가능한 하중연화 측정치를 나타 낸 폐본차이나 첨가 소지를 이용하면, 기물의 변형이 적 Fig. 9. 한국세라믹학회지 Result f lad testing f each cmpsitins at varius temperature. 어, 직접 소성에 의한 가마재임에서의 공간 활용의 효율 성을 높일 수 있고, 불량률의 저하 및 소성온도를 낮추어 에너지 절약할 수 있다는 등의 장점이 있어, 폭넓은 활용 을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 4. 결 론 폐본차이나 분쇄분을 사용하여 새로운 재활용 도자기 소지의 개발에 대한 실험 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 본 실험범위에 있어, 폐본차이나가 첨가된 전 조성 에 걸쳐서 기존 본소지의 소성온도 보다 낮은 온도영역 인 100 C 영역에서 소성이 가능하였다. 이는 폐본차이나 분쇄분 중에 포함되어 있는 유약성분과 폐본차이나의 CaO 와 P O 성분으로 인하여 소성 시 온도를 낮추는 역할을 하였기 때문이다. 5
6 () x, s ù w» y w ƒ d ƒ w 0% š q. s ù 0% ƒ B, 100 C w xr d,»œ 0.756%, 0.339% yw ùkü, 67 kgf/cm. (3)» s ù j w, ƒ z y w» y». REFERENCES 1. F. Andrela, L. Barbieri, A. Crradi, I. Lancelltti, and T. Manfredini, Utilisatin f Municipal Incineratr Grate Slag fr Manufacturing Prcelainized Stneware Tiles Manufacturing, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., [910] (00).. I. Agte, A. Odrizla, N. Gutierrez, A. Santamaria, J. Quintanilla, P. Cupelle, and J. Sares, Rhelgical Study f Waste Prcelain Feedstcks fr Injectin Mulding, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 1 [16] (001). 3. R. R. Menezes, H. G. Malzac Net, L. N. L. Santana, H. L. Lira, H. S. Ferreira, and G. A. Neves, Optimizatin f Wastes Cntent in Ceramic Tiles using Statistical Design f Mixture Experiments, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 8 [16] (008). 4. R. R. Menezes, H. S. Ferreira, G. A. Neves, H. L. Lira, and H. C. Ferreira, Use f Granite Sawing Wastes in the Prductin f Ceramic Bricks and Tiles, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 5 [7] (005). 5. F. A. C. Oliveira, V. Livrament, and F. Delmas, Nvel s ù y w» 51 MulliteBased Ceramics Manufactured frm Inrganic Wastes. I. Densificatin Behaviur, J. Mater. Prcess. Tech., 196 [13] 1018 (008). 6. J. O. Hng, S. G. Kang, K. G. Lee, Y. T. Kim, Y. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, and M. S. Park, Characteristics f Sintered Bdies Made frm the System f Paper Sludge AshFly Ash Clay(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 38 [10] (001). 7. S. W. Lee, H. J. Kim, and E. H. Kim, Cntrl f Permanent Shrinking f Recycled Castable Refractries frm Waste Refractries f Al O 3 SiO (in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 9 [1] 15 (199). 8. A. Kara and R. Stevens, Characterisatin f Biscuit Fired Bne China Bdy Micrstructure. Part II : Transmissin Electrn Micrscpy(TEM) f Glassy Matrix, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., [5] (00). 9. A. Kara and R. Stevens, Interactins Between an ABS Type Leadless Glaze and a Biscuit Fired Bne China Bdy During Glst Firing. Part I: Preparatin f Experimental Phases, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., [7] (00). 10. A. Kara and R. Stevens, Interactins Between an ABS Type Leadless Glaze and a Biscuit Fired Bne China Bdy During Glst Firing. Part II : Investigatin f Interactins, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., [7] (00). 11. A. Kara and R. Stevens, Interactins Between an ABS Type Leadless Glaze and a Biscuit Fired Bne China Bdy During Glst Firing. Part III : Effect f Glassy Matrix Phase, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 3 [10] (003). 1. J. I. Lee, Y. S. Lee, and B. H. Lee Ceramics Bdy Develpment Using Waste Whiteware(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 43 [10] 6634 (006). 13. J. I. Lee, J. S. Park, Y. S. Lee, and B. H. Lee Develpment f Ceramics Bdy using Waste Celadn(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [6] 608 (009). 48«1y(011)
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