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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 46, N. 4, pp. 50~56, 009. DOI: /KCERS Synthesis and Characterizatin f (Cr, Fe)-dped Y -Al Red Pigments Kyung-Hyun Shin and Byung-Ha Lee Department f Materials Science & Engineering, Myngji University, Yngin , Krea (Received January 0, 009; Revised April 7, 009; Accepted June 15, 009) (Cr, Fe)-dped Y -Al w p x Áw w œw œw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT Pervskite cdped with chrmium and irn have been studied. Samples with (Cr 0.04-x Fe x ) (x=0.01, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04) were prepared by slid state reactin at 1450 C fr 6 h and were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectrscpy, SEM and UV-vis spectrphtmeter. The clr f the synthesized pigments were frm red t dark brwn(in bulk). Up t 0.0 mle Fe fr substituting Cr develpment f clr in lime-glaze gives gd red clr but as increasing amunt f Fe and decreasing Cr prprtinally prduce frm brwnish red t brwn. Increasing Fe amunt lead t weaken crystal field relatively due t have smaller inic radius than Cr inic ne. The UV-vis peaks were shifted t lwer wavelength. Key wrds : Cdped, Pigment, Red clr, Crystal field 1. yw y ¾ šw w. p(casnsio 5 :Cr), g(al :Cr r Mn), s g(zrsio 4 :Fe) e s g(zrsio 4 :Cd,Se). ù e w š w ƒ. w greenkite e s w w e y e w w w w wwš. p š y š. š j(iii)yw l y Cr() y ƒ ws» w š. 1) Crrespnding authr : Kyung-Hyun Shin shinsaem@naver.cm Tel : Fax : šw ) w j y»w j š w w» w j ƒ j ù w ww xw.. x.1. w š» ww» w Y (France, industrial grade), Al(OH) (Junsei, Japan, chemical pure), Cr (Duksan, Krea, 99%), Fe (Hanil Chem., Krea, first grade), FeCl 6H O (Duksan, Krea, extra pure), CrCl 6H O (Duksan, Krea, extra pure), NaF(Duksan, Krea, practical grade), MgF (Junsei, Japan, chemical pure), Li C (Kant, Japan, Cica-Reagent) w. x w š x) w ƒ 1450 C Cr 0.04 w kw x w. j 0.04 mle w j 0.01 mle 0.04 mle ¾ y w w x w (Table 1). rep ww» 50

2 (Cr, Fe)-dped Y -Al w p 51 Table 1. Cmpsitins f Samples Sample N. Cmpsitin Cr4(CrCl) Fe1(CFCl, FeCl) Fe Fe Fe4 w Ÿy 6wt% ƒ w. w 10) yj y w w» w y w x Table 1 w Cr4 y Fe1 w y w xw. e p g š k z ƒ Ë z 1450 C w, ƒƒ š 6 k z þƒw. 900 C¾ 5 C/min, š¾ C/min. Cr 0.04 Cr 0.0 Fe 0.01 Cr 0.0 Fe 0.0 Cr 0.01 Fe 0.0 Fe p p X- z(x-ray Diffratmeter, XRD-7000, Shimadzu, Japan), FT-IR(IRPrestige1(Shimadzu, Japan), Raman spectrscpy(dimensin-p Raman), SEM (scanning eletrn micrscpy, SS-550, Shimadzu, Japan), UV-vis spectrphtmeter (401-PC, Shimadzu, Japan) w w... x w x w w xr z 4 4cm xr z(seger frmular t) w. x r» ƒ (silicnite furnace) 160 C 0 w þ w. 900 C¾ 5 C/min, 900~160 C¾ C/min w. Seger frmular. lime-glaze 0.64 KNaO Al.556 SiO CaO Fe MgO.4. w w w w xr UV-vis spectrmeter(401-pc, Shimadzu, Japan) dw (Muncell) t (H : hue), (V : value), (C : chrma) ùkü, z(cie : Cmmissin Internatinale de l'eclairage) ƒ w CIE-L * a * b *t w ùkü. Fig. 1. X-ray diffractin patterns f samples btained n calcining in air fr 6 h at 1450 C.. š.1. XRD X- z w y w. w w j w XRD d j w w ùküš. j» w (0.64 ç, 6 ) j (0.69 ç, 6) w» ƒ... FT-IR Raman FT-IR Raman w. FT-IR reflectance mde reslutin 16 cm w. j eyw w FT-IR Raman spectra Figs. ~4 ùkü. yj w Cr4 y w Fe4 w p 6) 5 cm, 468 cm 560 cm w vjƒ ùkù F4 Fig. (a) vjƒ 16. cm ùkùš. j p6) 555 cm 65 cm w ùkùš 45 cm 407 cm w ùkù Cr4 Fig. (a) YAl pvj7)ƒ ùkù 408.9, 470.6, 54.6, 507.9, cm vj š j pvj. Fig. (b) 70~ 700 cm ùkùš. y y w w XRD y w w». ù FT-IRù Raman m w» mw y w 46«4y(009)

3 신경현 이병하 5 Fig.. FT-IR spectra f (a) samples fired at 1450 C and (b) YAlO and Samples at 70~700cm. Fig.. FT-IR spectra f (a) samples used with chrmium chlride and irn chlride fired at 1450 C and (b) enlarged area 90~600cm. Fig. 4. Raman spectra f samples used (a)xides and (b)chlrides fired at 1450 C. 한국세라믹학회지

4 (Cr, Fe)-dped Y O -Al O 계 붉은 안료의 합성과 특성 Fig SEM micrgraphs f samples fired at 1450 C (a) Cr O, (b) Cr O :Fe O (:1), (c) CrCl 6H O, and (d) CrCl 6H O: FeCl 6H O(:1) used as chrmphres. 더 반응성이 좋다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(Fig., Fig. 4). 산화물을 사용한 Cr4의 경우와 염화물을 사용한 CrCl의 차이이다. Fe1과 CFCl의 경우도 마찬가지이다. FeCl의 경 우는 철은 산화물을 사용하고 크롬만 염화물을 사용한 경우 인데 두 가지를 모두 염화물로 사용한 것보다 cm 에 서 더 높은 피크를 보였고(Fig. (b)) 유약에서 더 붉게 발 색하였다. Raman 분석에서는 FT-IR에서 미약하게 보였던 차이가 확연하게 보였다. Fig. 4(a)에서 Fe4의 경우 9.76 cm 와 cm 에서 철의 함량 증가에 따른 특성 밴드가 나타 났다. 염화물을 사용한 Fig. 4(b)의 경우에는 cm 에서 비대칭이 되고 cm 에서 새로운 밴드가 나타났 다. 또한 산화물에서 나타난 밴드인 440 cm 과 500 cm 부 근의 밴드가 염화물을 사용하면 그 사이로 모아진다. 이 것은 천이금속의 양이온을 둘러싼 음이온과의 결합력에 의해 변하는데 산화물보다 결합력이 약한 염화물의 사용 으로 분열된 에너지차를 나타내는 10 Dq의 값이 낮아짐 을 나타낸다. 14).. SEM 합성된 안료의 미세구조는 Fig. 5와 같다. 입형은 육면체 형과 입자 성장에 의한 구형이 나타나고 있다. 발색제로 크롬만을 사용한 Fig. 5(a)와 크롬과 철을 사용한 Fig. 5(b) 를 보면 같은 육면체 형을 보여준다. 발색원료로 사용한 물질이 산화물이 아닌 염화물로 바꾸었을 경우도 같은 형 태를 나타내었다..4. UV-Vis spectra 분석 합성된 안료의 UV-vis spectra를 Fig. 6에 나타내고, 안 료를 하회로 사용하여 석회유를 시유하여 소성한 결과의 UV-vis spectra를 Fig. 7에 나타내었다. 보통 크롬이 고용 된 물질의 색상은 크롬(III)에 적용된 결정장 이론에 의해 설명된다. R. S. Pavlv et al. 등 에 의하면 그것은 d 전 자 배열을 하고 산화물에서 팔면체 배위를 선호하고 몇 가지 전자 전이가 가능하다(Table )고 하였다. Y, U, R과 R' 밴드는 가시광 영역에서 나타나고 이들의 위치와 형태 가 색상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 대부분의 팔면체 위치나 4) 제 46 권 제 4호(009)

5 54 xáw Fig. 6. UV-vis spectra f (a) samples fired at 1450 C and (b) enlaged area 50~600 nm. Fig. 7. UV-vis spectra f under-glazed tiles with samples fired at 160 C, (a) xides (b) xides and chlrides. Table. Transitins f Cr(III) in Octahedral Crystal Field and Labels used fr their Crrespnding Bands Transitin Band 4A g E g ( G) R 4A g 4A g 4A g 4A g 4A g ( G) R' T g ( 4 F) U T g ( G) B ( 4 F) Y ( 4 P) Y' e e ù 4,11) r w w (10 Dq) w ew. w ùkù. j š j ƒ w, ³e w e w. j w rep x q y j(iii) w ligand field thery w 4,8,9) p v ƒ Ÿ ew 4 A g4 (F) 4 A g4t (F) š, w v 4 A 4 g (P) Ÿ ew w e. y w x ligand field eƒ š w ùkù. w Cr w wz

6 (Cr, Fe)-dped Y -Al w p 55 Table. Chrmatic Crdinates f Synthesized Pigments L * a * b * (H) (V)/(C) Cr R 4.4/7.5 Fe R 4.9/7.1 Fe R 4.8/6. Fe R 4.7/5.1 Fe YR 4.4/. CrCl R 4.7/8. CFCl R 4.6/7.4 FeCl R 4.6/ nm 405 nm ùkù. x j 9) w 415 nm 510 nm ùkû. ü Cr(III) w Al(III) ey w Cr-O (Al(III) 0.51 ç, Cr(III) 0.69 ç) w ligand field ƒ ƒ w. Visible spectrum green-blue vilet w rthrhmbic pervskite e û +vj Cr w rep 50 ~ 650 nm w w. j 9) wì w j š y ligand field e. rep ƒ Ba 1-x Sr x Ti (BST) š 5) Ÿw e. w š ã. x SEM d y (Fig. 5). j w (0.64 ç, 6). ƒ w s w. j wì w x ƒx j vj yƒ f. vj vjƒ Table 4. Chrmatic Crdinates f Underglazed Tiles with Lime-glaze L * a * b * (H) (V)/(C) Cr R 4.1/6. Fe R.7/4.6 Fe R.9/5.0 Fe R.6/.1 Fe YR 4./.6 CrCl R 4.0/4.6 CFCl R.8/4.1 FeCl R 4.0/4.9 š(blue-vilet ) vj(green ) û (Fig. 6(b)). j eyw eƒ ùkûš m ùkþ(fig. 7(a))..5. d ww w r š k z w w. UV-vis spectrmeter(401-pc, Shimadzu, Japan) dw w (Muncell) t (H : hue), (V : value), (C : chrma) CIE-L * a * b *t L * a * b * Table Table 4 ùkü. w (Fig. 8(a)) wz w y w Fig. 8(b) ùkü. j w wì w. w š w ƒw w. j wì w w y y ƒ w. y w w. Fig. 8. Chrmatic clr crdinates f pigment pwders(a) and glazed tiles(b) in the L * a * b * space. 46«4y(009)

7 56 xáw 4. YAl(Cr) j y» w w» w j w ww. (Cr 0.04-x Fe x ) (x = 0.01, 0.0, 0.0, 0.04) x. 1) j w (L * : 45.48, a * : 1.56, b * : 1.18) 0.01 mle w ƒƒ 50.1, 9.9, 19.91š 0.0 mle w 49.5, 5.81, ùkþ. z w wz j w L * : 4.00, a * : 7.65, b * : 14.76, 0.01 mle w ƒƒ 7.9, 1.08, 11.0š 0.0 mle w 40.6,.8, 1.8 ùkþ. j w j wì w j 0.0 mle¾ w. ) wì w w, y y w w * a ùkû. Acknwledgment 008 (w») w w w (N.R0A ) REFERENCES 1. M. Marts, M. Martnez, E. Crdncill, and P. Escriban, Twards Mre Eclgical Ceramic Pigments : Study f the Influence f Glass Cmpsitin n the Clur Stability f a Pink Chrmium-dped Ceramic Pigment, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (007).. K. H. Shin and B. H. Lee, Synthesis f Cr-dped Y - Al Red Pigments and their Applicatin, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 45 [8] (008).. E. Stbierska, J. Lis, M. M. Buk, and A. Gubernat, Ceramic Pigments with Pervskite Structure, Advances in Science and Technlgy, (006). 4. Radstin S. Pavlv, V. B. Marzand, and J. B. Carda, Electrnic Absrptin Spectrscpy and Clur f Chrmiumdped Slids, J. Mater. Chem., (00). 5. Y. Zhu, D. Sun, Q. Huang, X. Jin, and H. Liu, Uv-visible Spectra f Pervskite Irn-dpped Ba 0.7 Sr 0.8 Ti, Material Letters, (008). 6. N. T. McDevitt and W. L. Baun, Infrared Absrptin Study f Metal Oxides in the Lw Frequency Regin(700~40 cm ), Spectrchimica Acta, (1964). 7. M. J. Weber, Multiphnn Relaxatin f Rare-earth Ins in Yttrium Orthaluminate, Physical Review B, 8 [1] (197). 8. R. Galind, M. Llusar, M. A. Tena, G. Mnrs, and J. A. Badenes, New Pink Ceramic Pigments Based n Chrmium(IV)-dped Lutenium Gallium Garnet, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (007). 9. M. Marts, M. Marnetz, E. Crdncill, and P. Escriban, Twards mre Eclgical Ceramin Pigments : Study f the Influence f Glass Cmpsitin n the Clur Stability f a Pink Chrmium-dped Ceramic Pigment, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (007). 10. M. Shirpur, M. A. Faghihi Sani, and A. Mirhabibi, Synthsis and Study f a New Class f Red Pigments Based n Pervskite YAl Structure, Cermics Internatinal, [8] 147- (007). 11. S. R. Rtman, Cmment n : Optical and Electrn Paramagnetic Resnance Studies f Fe Impurities in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Crystals, Physical Review B, The American Physical Sciety, 41 [1] (1990). 1. D. Dng, K. Xia-Yu, G. Jian-Jun, W. Hui, and Z. Kang- Wei, Optical Absrptin and EPR Study f the Octahedral Fe + Center in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Physical Review B, The American Physical Sciety, (005). 1. G. Lrenzi, G. Baldi, F. Di Benedett, V. Fas, L. A. Pardi, and M. Rmanelli, HF EPR Investigatin f a Cr-bearing Garnite Pigment, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (006). 14. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bwen, and D. R. Uhlmann, Intrductin t Ceramics; p. 680, Inc. nd, Jhn Wiely & Sns, w wz

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