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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 1, pp. 60~64, 008. Sintering Behavir and Mechanical Prperty f B 4 C Ceramics Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Kyung Hun Kim*,, Jae Hng Chae*, J Sek Park *, ***, Dae Keun Kim *, **, Kwang B Shim**, and Byung Ha Lee *** *Krea Institute f Ceramic Engineering and Technlgy, Seul , Krea **Divisin f Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seul 1-791, Krea ***Department f Materials Science and Engineering, Myngji University, Yngin , Krea (Received Nvember 9, 007; Accepted December 1, 007) v w ky» p ½ z*, Á y*á *, ***Á½ *, **Á Ÿ **Á w*** *» **w w œw *** w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT B 4 C ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering prcess and their sintering behavir, micrstructure and mechanical prperties were evaluated. Relative density f B 4 C ceramics culd be achieved by spark plasma sintering methd reached as high as 99% at lwer temperature than cnventinal sintering methd, in additin, withut any sintering additives. The mechanical prperties f B 4 C ceramics culd be imprved by the heat treatment at 100 C during sintering prcess which can be remved B O phase frm a B 4 C pwder surface. This imprvement results frm the frmatin f a fine and hmgeneus micrstructure because the grain carsening was suppressed by the eliminatin f B O phase. Particularly, mechanical prperties f the specimen experienced the B O remving prcess imprved ver 0% cmpared with the specimen withut that prcess. KeyG wrds : B 4 C, Micrstructure, Mechanical prperty, Spark plasma sintering 1. ky (B 4 C) ƒ ky ù y w, q ƒ, üyw üe w. w w ƒ» w. w ky p p, c- BN» ü, w p ùküš k k w p {wš. ky 1) š (.5 g/cm ) w y, w» k, k y ƒ y š. w w p wš œ w w û ƒ, Crrespnding authr : Kyung Hun Kim khkim@kicet.re.kr Tel : Fax : w, š û y» ky š. 1) ky k w 8.8~1 at% š» k w ƒ ùkù š. ky -4) k ƒ B/C=4 yw ùküš ƒ f ù w š. 4) ky š w ƒƒ,00 C š» k ù ƒw yw w j ù, x w ƒw w û š š. w 5-11) SiC, TiB, Al O ƒw k š š š. w w 1-14) ƒ yw ky x w ù, 60
2 Table 1. Characteristics f B 4 C Pwder Specific surface area 18 m /g Particle size Impurity levels Ttal brn Ttal carbn B/C mlar rati v w ky» p 61 x w» ky w j š. w t x y š { ky w e» mw w w w» ky w j. 9,15) ky t B O y š { w p w e y ƒ» œ»w mw t y w z ù w p ùkü v (Spark plasma sintering) w ƒ w š š ky w» p š w.. x D 90% f particles.0 µm D 50% f particles 0.8 µm D 10% f particles 0. µm Max. 1.7 wt% f O Max. 0.7 wt% f N Max wt% f Fe Max wt% f Si Max wt% f Al Max. 0.5 wt% f ther B 4 C (Grade HS, H. C. Stark, Germany) w p Table 1 ùkü. graphite mld (Φ 15 mm) k z v e (Dr. Sinter 515S, Sumitm Cal Mining C., Japan) w ww. œ œ» 40 MPa ƒw 100 C 100 C¾ w 1 z 1800 ~ 000 C 5 ww z þ w. Archimedes w d w, X- z» w w. ƒƒ r z Vickers Indentatin w q d w. É ASTM-F94-78 w 4 É d w. r 1% KOH ü wt% 1. wt%.7 Fig. 1. XRD patterns f B 4 C pwders and sintered specimens at 000 C A/cm 1 w etching w z x (JSM 5900-LV, Jel, Japan) w w liner intercept w s³ j» w.. š Fig. 1 ky, 000 C w r, v 100 C œ 1 z w w 000 C š. B O 100 C z B O y w. w e w w B O B O š {». 6,16) Fig.. Variatin f relative density with the sintering prcess cnditins. 45«1y(008)
3 김경훈 채재홍 박주석 김대근 심광보 이병하 6 Fig.. Densificatin behavir f B4C pwders during spark plasma sintering prcess. Fig. 는 소결 온도에 따른 상대밀도를 보여주고 있다. 소결 밀도는 1800 C의 경우 약 80% 이하는 매우 낮은 상 대 밀도를 나타내지만 소결 온도의 상승에 따라 점진적 으로 증가하여 1900 C에서 98% 이상의 밀도를 나타내며 1950 C에서 99% 이상의 완전 치밀화된 소결 밀도를 나 타내고 있다. 또한 100 C에서 열처리 공정을 거친 경우 가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 좀 더 높은 상대 밀도를 나타 내고 있는데 B O 상의 제거로 인해 좀 더 빠른 치밀화가 이뤄진다고 예상할 수 있다. 소결 조제의 첨가 없이 완전 치밀화된 탄화붕소 소결체를 얻을 수 있는 이러한 결과 는 전통적인 소결법으로는 불가능한 것으로서 방전플라 즈마 소결법의 우수한 소결능을 매우 잘 보여주는 것이 라 할 수 있다. Fig. 은 방전플라즈마 소결 공정 중에 가압축의 변위 를 측정하여 나타낸 것으로서 이 그래프를 통하여 소결 되는 분말의 치밀화 거동을 분석할 수 있다. 탄화 붕소의 경우 열처리 공정을 거친 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 뚜렷 한 소결 거동의 차이를 보여주고 있는데, 소결 중 열처리 시간을 가지지 않고 일반적인 소결 조건으로 소결한 경 우 약 160 C 근처에서 소결 수축이 시작되고 최종 소결 온도인 1950 C에서 약 분 정도 동안 꾸준히 소결 수축 이 진행되다가 완료되는 것으로 나타나지만, 100 C에서 1시간 동안의 유지 기간을 가진 공정 조건의 경우 그렇 지 않은 경우와는 달리 1560 C 부근에서 소결 수축이 시 작되고 있으며 소결 최종 온도에 도달하면서 소결 수축이 종료되어 치밀화가 완료되는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 열처리 공정을 가진 경우가 저온에서 치밀화가 시작되는 것으로 이는 fig. 1의 XRD 분석 결과에서 확인되듯이 고 온에서 휘발성이 큰 B O 상을 미리 제거함으로써 B CB C간의 직접적인 접촉이 증대되기 때문에 입계확산 및 체적확산이 촉진되어 치밀화가 촉진된다고 사료된다. 또한 이러한 B O 상의 제거는 휘발에 의한 기상 물질 이 Fig. 4. Average grain size f sintered specimens with the sintering prcess cnditins. 동을 억제하여 조대한 결정립 성장을 막을 수 있으리라 예상된다. Fig. 4는 공정 조건 및 소결 온도에 따른 소결체의 평 균 결정립의 측정 한 것으로서, 공정 조건에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 즉, 열처리 공정을 갖지 않은 경 우가 더 큰 평균 결정립 크기를 가짐을 알 수 있는데 B O 상의 휘발에 의해 유발되는 결정립의 조대화를 예상 할 수 있다. Figs. 5와 6은 각각 열처리 공정을 갖지 않은 경우와 열 처리 공정을 가진 경우 소결 온도에 따른 소결체의 미세 구조를 보여주는 SEM 사진으로써 1950 C 이상의 소결인 경우에 완전 치밀화된 고밀도의 미세구조를 보여주고 있 다. 열처리 공정을 갖지 않은 경우(fig. 5)는 소결 온도 증 4 4 6,9,16) 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 5. SEM etched surface images f B4C specimens fabricated by nrmal spark plasma sintering prcess.
4 방전플라즈마 소결법에 의한 탄화 붕소 세라믹스의 소결 거동 및 기계적 특성 Fig. 6. SEM etched surface images f B4C specimens experienced the BO remving during spark plasma sintering prcess. 가에 따라서 조대화된 결정립이 다수 관찰 되고 있지만 소결 중 열처리 공정을 가진 경우(fig. 6)는 그렇지 않은 경우 경우(fig. 5) 보다 작은 결정립을 가지며 조대화된 결 정립이 거의 관찰되지 않는 균일한 크기의 결정립 분포 를 나타냄을 잘 보여주고 있다. Figs. 7, 8과 9는 각각 열처리 공정을 갖지 않은 경우와 열처리 공정을 가진 경우 소결 온도에 따른 소결체의 경 도, 파괴인성과 꺽임강도를 보여주는 것으로서 경도의 경 우(fig. 7) 양자 모두 1950 C까지는 소결 온도 증가에 따 라 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있지만 완전 치밀화 이후 000 C의 경우에는 열처리 공정을 갖지 않은 경우는 그 값이 다소 감소되지만 열처리 공정을 가진 경우는 증가 되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 열처리 공정을 가진 경우 가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 더 높은 경도 값을 나타내고 있 Fig. 7. Variatin f Vickers hardness with the sintering prcess cnditins. Fig Variatin f fracture tughness with the sintering prcess cnditins. 는데 이는 평균 결정립과 미세구조 분석의 결과에서 알 수 있듯이 열처리 공정을 가진 경우가 더 작은 평균 결 정립과 균일한 미세구조를 갖기 때문이라 사료된다. 파괴인성의 경우(fig. 8) 양자 모두 소결 온도에 따라 뚜 렷한 증감의 경향을 나타내지는 않는다. 하지만 모든 소 결 온도 조건에서 열처리 공정을 가진 경우가 그렇지 않 은 경우보다 크게 향상된 파괴인성 값을 나타내고 있다. 이는 미세구조 분석을 통해서 밝혀진 바와 같이 소결 공 정 중 치밀화가 시작되기 전에 열처리를 통해 결정립의 조대화를 유발하는 B O 상을 미리 제거함으로써 상대적 으로 균일한 미세구조의 형성하여 기계적 특성을 향상시 킨 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 미세구조의 차이에 의한 기 계적 특성의 향상은 꺽임 강도 측정 결과(fig. 9)에서도 뚜 렷하게 보여지고 있다. Fig. 9. Variatin f flexural strength with the sintering prcess cnditins. 제 45 권 제 1호(008)
5 64 ½ zá yá Á½ Á Ÿ Á w 4. v w ky ww m û ƒ 99% ƒ e y w. v 100 C 1 œ ƒ t x B O z w. w B O š» mw w y w B 4 C-B 4 C g y y w j» š ³ w w. w œ ƒ» p w y w. REFERENCES 1. F. Thevent, Brn Carbide - A Cmprehensive Review, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 6 [4] 05-5 (1990).. J. Beauvy, Stichimetric Limits f Carbn-rich Brn Carbide Phases, J. Less Cmmn Metals, 90 [] (198).. R. D. Allen, The Slid Slutin Series, Brn-Brn Carbide, J. Am. Chem. Sc., 75 [14] 58-8 (195). 4. K. Niihara, A. Nakahira, and T. Hirai, The Effect f Stichmetry n Mechanical Prperties f Brn Carbide, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 67 [1] c1-4 (1984). 5. H. Lee and R. F. Speyer, Pressureless Sintering f Brn Carbide, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 86 [9] (00). 6. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, K. L. Kudela, and B. A. Cheeseman, A Cmputatinal Analysis f The Ballistic Perfrmance f Light-weight Hybrid Cmpsite Armrs, App. Surf. Sci., 5 [] (006). 7. R. M. Spriggs and S. K. Dutta, pp in Sintering and Related Phenmena, Vl.6, Ed. by G. C. Kuczynski, Plenum, NY, R. Angers and M. Beauvy, Ht-pressing f Brn Carbide, Ceram. Int., 10 [] (1984). 9. C. Greskvich and J. H. Rslwski, Sintering f Cvalent Slids, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 59 [7/8] 6-4 (1976). 10. K. Schwetz and G. Vgt, Prcess f the Prductin f Dense Sintered Articles f Brn Carbide, US Patent 4,195,066, (1980). 11. T. Vasils and S. K. Dutta, Lw Temperature Ht Pressing f Brn Carbide and Its Prperties, Am. Ceram. Sc. Bull., 5 [5] (1974). 1. Y. Kann, K. Kawase, and K. Nakan, Additive Effect n Sintering f Brn Carbide, J. Ceram. Sc. Jpn., 95 [11] (1987). 1. V. Skrkhd Jr., M. D. Vlajic, and V. D. krstic, Mechanical Prperties f Pressureless Sintered Brn Carbide Cntaining TiB Phase, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 15 [15] 17-9 (1996). 14. C. H. Lee and C. H. Kim, Pressureless Sintering and Related Reactin Phenmena f Al O -dped B 4 C, J. Mater. Sci., 7 [] (199). 15. S. L. Dle, S. Prchazka, and R. H. Dremus, Micrstructural Carsening During Sintering f Brn Carbide, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 7 [6] (1989). 16. H. Lee, W. S. hackenberger, and R. F. Speyer, Sintering f Brn Carbide Heat-treated with Hydrgen, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 85 [8] 11- (00). w wz
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