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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 2, pp. 126~131, Variatin f Phtluminescence in Zircnia Gel by Pyrlysis Kyusuk Han and Taegyung K Divisin f Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Inchen , Krea (Received January 18, 2008; Accepted February 18, 2008) g Ÿ Ÿ y w³ Ášk w w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT In this study, we prepared zircnia gel by the sl-gel methd and investigated its phtluminescence prperties by varying pyrlysis temperature. The additin f acetic acid int a Zr-alkxide slutin resulted in frming the bidentate ligands with Zr ins and prducing a stable gel. At the pyrlysis temperature f 350 C, the zircnia nancrystals with tetragnal structure gradually appeared in the gel. The PL intensity f the zircnia gel increased with increasing the pyrlysis temperature up t 350 C, but decreased abve the temperature. Cncurrently, its PL peak wavelength cntinuusly shifted frm ~ 440 nm t ~ 550 nm with the temperature. The PL characteristics f the zircnia gels were clsely assciated with decmpsitin f residual rganic grups, the frmatin f the zircnia nancrystals, and the tetragnal t mnclinic phase transfrmatin. Key wrds : ZrO 2, Phtluminescence, Sl-gel, Nanpwder 1. ˆ( 5.0 ev) g y (ZrO 2 ) w», Ÿw p»q, š, Ÿ w. 1-3) g» w» w ù w4,5) w. g wü ƒ Ÿ Ÿ(Phtluminescence: 7)w 6) ù PL) Ÿ(Thermluminescence: TL). p, PL x ƒw Ÿ (,, œ ) w ƒ Ÿ w. g w Ÿ Ÿ» q (tune)w z. w g w ~ 550 nm w q Ÿw. 8) Sm, Tb, Er m, 9) Y ƒ10,11) w rp p q wš w Ÿvj ã. vw g PL p» w 12,13) F-center (interstitial) k, Ti wì w 8). w w Crrespnding authr : Taegyung K tgk@inha.ac.kr Tel : Fax : ƒ» Ÿ g PL p» w. Lin 14) Pechini w w g PL p šw. y ùkù w PL p ƒƒ k š w. p, k w w SiO 2 ˆ y g w PL x w y. 15,16), w g z Ÿ Ÿ w» w w Ÿp ww w. w w w ù w. g k ƒ w w e wš, š k yw. š y w w», OH» wwš - û. š, 17) ³ (silicate) w Ÿ yw Ÿ Ÿ ùš, Ÿvj q w.» w PL p wš. g 26
2 w w g w ù y PL p w. 2. x g ù w w. Zr-butxide (80%, Aldrich), 1-butanl (Aldrich) w.,» Zr-butxide 1-butanl 0.05 M ƒ w z» 15. CH 3 COOH (99.5%, Aldrich), 1-butanl, H 2 O ƒƒ 1:2:2 yww ƒ w w 15 œ» w. w» yww š, w w» w 2 w. w g n w š, 6 w.» w» 120 C 24 w. w š w 200 ~ 650 C 30» w. g y XRD (Rigaku, DMAX-2500) w. DTA/TG (TA Instrument, SDT-2960) w» 10 C ~1000 C w. ƒ» w p y FT-IR (Bi-Rad, FT-135) w. FT-IR d w r KBr 100: 1 ³ w yww 10 mm n w jx š, ƒ rp 400~4000 cm n. ƒ r ƒ 200 kv TEM (Philips, CM-200) w. PL p He-Cd laser (λ=325 nm) Ÿ w laser phtluminescence spectrmeter (Spex, 1403) j» 1µm w, 40 ms d w. 3. š Fig. 1 g X z ql ùkü. g 350 C¾ š, 400 C w w z» w. z ƒ 2θ=30 z (backgrund) 400 C w y. y ƒ ƒw ûš, 450 C (t) w w z w ùkû. z 600 C¾ w š, 650 C g Ÿ Ÿ y 127 Fig. 1. XRD patterns f the zircnia gels pyrlyzed at varius temperatures. (m) ƒ û.» Zr- m w w g 350 ~ 450 C yw š. 18) w g ~ 300 C¾, ~ 450 C š, ~ 500 C š, 600 C. w y û» k y(carbnizatin) w.» w, y, w œw. Fig. 2 g w. ~ 400 C w ùkù vj û w g» w ù. w w 43.4%. š 450 C ùkù v j w w X z ew.» 400 C Fig. 2. DTA and TG analysis f the as-dried zircnia gel. 45«2y(2008)
3 한규석 고태경 128 Fig. 3. TEM images f the zircnia gels pyrlyzed at (a) 300C, (b) 350C (bright field), (c) 400C (dark field), and (d) 450C (high reslutin), respectively. 리 하면 지르코니아 겔에 남는 대부분의 유기물이 분해 하는 것을 뜻한다. 열분석 결과에서 450 C 이후 뚜렷한 발열피크가 나오지 않았지만, 600~800 C에서 단사정상으 로 전이가 일어나고 산소 결함의 감소에 따른 열중량의 증가가 조금 생겼다. Fig. 3(a)~(d)은 열처리 온도에 따른 지르코니아 겔의 미 세구조를 TEM으로 관찰한 결과를 나타낸다. 온도 ~300 C 까지 겔은 응집한 상태로 비정질상이었다. 하지만, 온도 350 C로 열처리 할 경우 5 nm 크기의 나노 결정들이 비 정질 겔 내에 조금씩 나타나기 시작하였다. 열처리 온도 가 올라가면 이러한 나노 결정들의 크기와 분율은 점점 증가하였다. Fig. 3(c)는 400 C에서 열처리한 지르코니아 겔의 암시야상 이미지를 나타낸다. 암시야상은 지르코니 아의 101 회절빔을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 겔 내의 거의 모든 부분에서 ~10 nm 크기의 나노 결정들이 밝게 나타 나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 열처리 온도 450 C에서 나노 결정 은 격자간격(~2.9 Å)이 정방정상 (101)의 면간거리에 해 한국세라믹학회지 당하고, 입도는 ~20 nm이었다. 열처리 온도에 따른 지르코니아 겔의 적외선 분광분석 (IR) 결과를 Fig. 4에 나타내었다. 각 스펙트럼에는 1600 ~1200 cm 에서 아세테이트 작용기에 기인한 -COO 진동 과 1000~400 cm 영역의 Zr-O, Zr-O-Zr의 대칭, 비대칭 신 축진동에 따른 특성피크가 나온다 cm 과 1050 cm 피크는 알콕시기인 C-O의 대칭, 비대칭 신축진동에서 생 겨나고, 952 cm 의 피크는 C-C 신축진동에서 나오고 1341 cm 은 CH 굽힘진동에 해당한다. -COO기의 대칭, 비 대칭 신축진동에 해당하는 두 피크(1448 cm, 1570 cm )의 진동수 차이가 122 cm 인 것은 -CH COO기가 이중 가지 (bidentate) 리간드의 형태로 Zr에 킬레이팅하는 것을 나타 낸다. 열처리 온도가 증가하면 이러한 특성 피크의 강 도는 현저하게 감소하였다. 350 C 이상에서 -COO 진동 을 제외한 대부분의 유기물 진동피크들은 완전히 사라졌 다. 그리고 450 C에서 Zr-O-Zr 진동피크는 매우 넓어졌고, Zr-O 피크는 460 cm 에서 다시 예리하게 나타났다. 후자 )
4 g Ÿ Ÿ y 129 Fig. 4. IR spectra f the zircnia gels (a) as-dried and pyrlyzed at (b) 200 C, (c) 250 C, (d) 300 C, (e) 350 C, (f) 400 C, and (g) 450 C. ù vj ƒ ƒw š. 20)»w g w» 350 C wwš, CH 3, C-O C-C w ñ. w, -COO vj ù 450 C¾ û. Fig. 5 g» wƒ Ÿ Ÿ p e w w» w d w Ÿ rp ùkü. w r Ÿ ~ 440 nm v j s Ÿ rp ùkþ. w t w ³ew Fig. 6. Variatin f relative PL intensity (a) and the peak wavelength (b) f the zircnia gels as a functin f the pyrlysis temperature. Ÿ rp w. 10) 350 C¾ ƒw Ÿ j ƒw š, vj q w. w 350 C Ÿ w š, 450 C r Ÿ w r w. Fig. 6 Ÿ vj y. w w Ÿ 350 C 9.5 ¾ ƒw š, v j ~ 560 nm¾ w w. w Fig. 5. Phtluminescence spectra f the zircnia gels (a) asdried and pyrlyzed at (b) 200 C, (c) 250 C, (d) 300 C, (e) 350 C, (f) 400 C, and (g) 450 C. Fig. 7. CIE chrmaticity diagram shwing the variatin f PL clr in the zircnia gels as a functin f the pyrlysis temperature. 45«2y(2008)
5 130 w³ Ášk Fig. 8. The actual emitting phtgraphs f the zircnia gels pyrlyzed at (a) 300 C, (b) 350 C, (c) 400 C, and (d) 450 C, when, y w 650 C w Ÿ ƒ j w. Ÿ rp ƒs Ÿ Ÿ ƒ w j š. g Ÿ Ÿ 13,21)ù k Á w y ƒ j ü t w» Ÿ14) Ÿ10) irradiated with a He-Cd laser. yww. w Ÿ r p»w Ÿ w w vj w ƒ w. ƒ v w. w Ÿ rp q y ù w» w yù ù w ù ù w.» w Ÿ q w e, Ÿ g 22) ù w4,12,14) š. w ³ w CH 3»ƒ ww Ÿ rp q w. w Ÿ vj 17)» w. w» wƒ y ù w Ÿ. yw Ÿ ƒ.» w. r Ÿ Ÿ w ƒ j w. g w 450 C Ÿ w r w f. wr DTA 600 C g w ƒw. w w ƒ š w û w Ÿ ƒ ùkü. ù w w Ÿ Ÿ w Ÿ (nn-radiative center) w w ù. 14) ƒ j ù 650 C Ÿ ù Ÿ ƒ x w w. w wz y Ÿ Fig. 7 CIE t ùkü. ƒ g t x=0.16, y=0.15 x=0.36, y=0.38¾ w. Ÿ yw. Fig. 8»q 325 nm He-Cd w Ÿw, y g Ÿ y y y w. p, 400 C 450 C w g Ÿ 4800 K xÿ ( t, FL40SW /37) w. 4. ƒ g Ÿ Ÿ p e w w. 350 C ƒw g ù ù» wš, 650 C ƒ û.» ww g Ÿ rp q w. Ÿ 350 C w g ƒ š, ù w w š. w,» w r 450 C g Ÿ Ÿ p e w w w j Ÿ û. š, y w ƒ w g Ÿ Ÿ w. g w Ÿ Ÿ w, Ÿ Ÿ k w. š g Ÿ y Ÿ ƒ w. Acknwledgment ( ) w w w ( y: R ).
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