해외유틸리티요금선불제도연구 ( 주 ) 이쓰리엑스퍼트

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1 해외유틸리티요금선불제도연구 ( 주 ) 이쓰리엑스퍼트

2 Ⅰ.... Ⅱ (Background) ( ) (Background) ( ) (Background) ( ) (Background) ( )

3 (Background) ( ) (Background) ( ) (Background) ( ) Ⅲ Ⅳ

4 Ⅰ.. ( 現, ) (, ),,,,, - (, ) ,700 4,700 -, ( ), - - ( ) STS(Standard Transfer Specification) - 4 -

5 ,,,,,, AMI

6 (,, ) 6 Ⅱ. 해외유틸리티선불제도현황조사 1990 (Ofgem 2007) British Gas, Powergem, Scottish and Souther Energy, npower, EDF Energy and Scottish Power (380 ) (ofgem) (fuel poverty) - 20 ( 30 ) - 6 -

7 - Scottish and Southern Energy - 14, 35 ( ), -, - (, ) - -,, 18, 380 PPM, /,,, (ABS Energy Research 2007),, Post Office, Paypoint, Payzone - - Post Office - 7 -

8 Bayard 60~ Actaris 社 PRI 社 (Former Public Electricity Suppliers) 4 PPM 3 -, Paypoint, Payzone Paypoint Payzone - -, Paypoint Payzone (local shops) - (network) - ( ),, Paypoint Payzone - MAPS(Meter Asset Providers) , % ( 14%)

9 - -,, - < > (%) (%)

10 . (National Housing Federation) < > - ( : ) BG EDF Npower E.ON SSE 1,328 1,210 1,056 1,063 1,006 1,399 1,246 1,127 1,097 1, : National Houseing Federation ~7% - 2~17% 7~10% ( 36, 10.2% )

11 - - - (FPAG) Uswitch Ofgem (Ofgem 2007)

12 Ofgem( ) - Ofgem, - (a) (b) 14 (c) ( ) NIE Energy (a) (b) 2.5 % (c), (d) 4 (212,000 ) pay-as-you-go (e), Paypoint Payzone, -, OFGEM - (debt) - -,

13 , - - (EDF, SSE, British Gas) , , Powergen Ofgem PPM -, -, (Transco )

14 , - 10%(600,000) Ofgem

15 (the Code) 9 (Aboriginal and Remote Communities Power Supply Program) (Town Reserve Regularisation Program) - 9 Horizon Power Synergy (Aboriginal and Remote Communities Power Supply Program) (Town Reserve Regularisation Program) (Electricity Code consultative Committee, 2007a, p. 118) Horizon Power 社 (Horizon Power, 2008) Horizon Power - (,,,,. )

16 Synergy - Synergy (Synergy, 2008) , - 州 (Aboriginal and Remote Communities Power Supply Program) (Town Reserve Regularisation Program) 外. Tasmania 20. Tasmania Northern Territory 州 ( ) South Austrailia 州 Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland - Tasmania, Northern Territory, South Austrailia 州

17 ) Tasmania 州 Aurora Energy (Aurora) 社 Tasmania 州 Bruny - Tasmania 2 Tasmania - Tasmania (OTTER) 4 20 (OTTER, 2007) - Aurora - Aurora (Pay As You Go, APAYG) 2 (TOU: Time of Use) (APAYG). - Aurora - APAYG APAYG, Aurora APAYG - Aurora Aurora,,

18 APAYG 160 Tasmania Bill Express Bill Express Aurora, Tasmania 40 Aurora (Aurora 2008b) - APAYG 20km (Out of Area Agreement) - Aurora Aurora APAYG 55 APAYG , (Electricity Supply Industry Act) 1998 (Electricity Supply Industry (Tariff Customers) Regulation 1998) Aurora Tasmania, < > < > Aurora (Tariff 31) kWh ( ) kwh ,000kWh( ) kwh kwh ( : Aurora)

19 APAYG, 2, < > APAYG < > 08 7 Aurora - Tasmania ( : kwh ) 6:30~11:00 11:00~16:30 16:30~22:30 22:30~6: : cents / ( ): / ( : Aurora) Northern Territory 州 Northern Territory 州 (Power and Water Corporation Act) (Power and Water Corporation) Northern Territory 州 8,500 (PWC, 2008a) - 55,000 15%, (PWC, 2008a)

20 - Norther Territory 州 - 5, 10, 20, < > ( / ) ( /kwh) [ : ] - Northern Territory 州 - 1 8,000kWh (PWC, 2008b) < > 8,000kWh

21 South Australia 州 Sourth Australia 州 - South Austrailia 州 Aurora Tasmania 州 South Australia 州 - South Austrailia 州 Aurora APAYG - Aurora Aurora South Australia 州 4,500 APAYG Aurora South Australia 州 South Australia - South Australia ,500 < >

22 Aurora South Australia 州 Tamania 州 APAYG -, 55, 55 - APAYG 28 -, 25 South Australia 州 South Australia (ESCOSA) (BOX ) South Australia - South Australia 州 AA. South Australia AGL 36 AA. AGL (Energy Retail Code). Part B.,,., South Australia AGL., AA(4a) AGL,

23 Essentail Services Commission Act AA(4a), 3. South Australia Source: Allen Consulting Group, ESCOSA (2007a) kW kwh kW kW kw APAYG South Australia < > < > Auroa- South Australia (kwh ) APAYG ( ) 7am~4pm 4pm~9pm 9pm~7pm : 46.8 / ( ): /

24 South Australia 1996 (Energy Retail Code) (Energy Marketing Code) - South Australia (Energy Prepayment Meter System Code - the Prepayment Code) the Prepayment Code ) 州 New South Wales 州 - New South Wales I - New South Wales

25 Victoria 州 - Victoria E Queensland 州 - Queensland 州 (c) 2 - Queensland, - Energex Queensland - Northern Territory 州 (Electricity Reform Act) 44 1 (a) (b), 州 (Electricity Pricing Order) - Northern Territory, - 1,250 kwh OTTER, APAYG. (OTTER, 2008)

26 APAYG APAYG - APAYG APAYG - - APAYG APAYG 02 (Progress Rate) - 02 Aurora APAYG - APAYG

27 Aurora - APAYG APAYG (Tasmania 州 ) % - (58%) APAYG 24-6% 24 - (43%) (33%) (TasCOSS, 2006:3) (Electricity Standards of Service Code) -,, - OTTER APAYG, Tasmania (Electricity Code) 9 A

28 * 70 * APAYG 50 - Tasmania 州 Northern Territory 州 - 750MWh ( ) (Electricity Reform (Administration) Regulations) (Background) - -,

29 ,,, -,,, (the Messachusetts Department of Public Utilities) (2009 ) -,, - ( 州 ) - (DPU), ( ), -, DPU,, -,

30 2. - / < > PPM PPM Wood Country Electric Cooperative 33, % Brunswick Contry EMC 71,000 6,500 9% Salt River Project 920,000 50, % Salt River Project(SRP) % (critical mass- )

31 3. ( ) PayGo, 80 -,,,, (,, ), 4.,,,, -, -,,, -,,,,, (remote service disconnections) -,, -,

32 - (transaction fee),, -, (REPs) - REP Smart Prepaid,, 2.95 (,, ) - - -, -, -, - /

33 , - -, ( 州 ) -,,, ,

34 . 1. (Background) 1, (OEB), (Woodstock Hydro) 1989 Pay-As-You-Go 2004, 2500, , SRP M-Power - : IHD,, - (kiosks) ( ) -, IHD,

35 kW ~4 IHD SRP M-Power, - (kwh), ( kwh), ( ), ( 前月 ) ( ), (, ),, ( 日數 ), 3. ( ), Pay-As-You-Go 15 - SRP M-Power ( 12.8%) IHDs, - - IHDs 1) IHDs IHDs

36 - 2) IHDs TOU rates TOU rates IHD, IHD IHD TOU 7.6 ( ) TOU TOU IHD, 4.3 IHDs TOU rates - IHDs TOU < > Hydro One Time-of-Use Pilot Conservation Impacts. Mechanism Conservation Effect IHD effect w/ TOU rates -7.60% TOU only effect -3.30% Incremental IHD impact -4.30% IHD effect w/o TOU rates 6.70%

37 4. - -, ~3 -, IHD (conventional meter), TOU rates IHD - IHD, TOU rates

38 . 1. (Background) Meridian Energy Limited, Contact Energy Limited, Genesis Power Limited, Mercury Energy and TrustPower Limited., 140, , (ABS Energy Research 2007, pp.47) - 3 (Electricity Commission 2008) (weekly),, - 60,000, 3% - -,

39 2. Contact Energy Landis and Gyr (Contact Energy 2008) - Genesis Power PRI Liberty (ABS Energy Research 2007, pp. 48) PostShop (The Electricity Act 1992) - (Ministry of Energy) - (Electricity Commission 2008a). 3. ( )

40 4. -, (Electricity Commission 2006, 2008) kwh 2~3 (Electricity Commission, 2006) - - (Electricity Commission 2008) ~10, ~20 (Electricity Commission 2008)

41 . 1. (Background) BSES(BSES Rajdhani 社 ) BSES (MES ) NCR 5 2 BSES Rajdhani Power Limited(BRPL) BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) 285 BSES - / kW - BSES 2007 BRPL BYPL 8,000 - BSES - - DSM. NCT BSES

42 BSES , 2. Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. - - MGVCL 4 - MGVCL - 07 (USAID) DRUM MGVCL Umreth

43 Umreth - Umreth NRIs - Umreth - [ ] - Umreth - Umreth Umreth MGVCL Limkheda

44 Limkheda - Limkheda ~3 - RGGVY (BPL) -, 3~ MGVCL MGVCL - MGVCL Limkheda

45 - Umreth Limkhda, Secure Meters ( ) 50 Genes Meters 500 Happy Credit Happy Credit 500 NCR 6 BSES

46 - 25% 50% -, MGVCL 100 5, MGVCL

47 - (Friendly Hours) 6 11 Friendly Hours MGVCL 11 Discom - MGVCL MGVCL (ED, Cess ) MGVCL 2 DERC

48 - MGVCL BPL BPL, ( ) - - / - 州 -, MGVCL - MGVCL : MGVCL,

49 - - MGVCL : MGVCL : - - : (RGGVY)

50 4. -, - < > 州 NCT North Delhi Power Ltd BSES Rajdhani - Mr. Kaushik Sanyal, HOG (KCG), NDPL Mr. Neeraj Kumar, Assistant Manager, NDPL Mr. Rajesh Bansal, AVP (BSES-Rajdhani) Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. - Vadodara - Umreth - Limkheda Mr. V. B. Pandya (Executive Engineer, Anand Division, MGVCL) Mr. S. B. Mistry (Divisional Engineer, Anand Circle, MGVCL) Mr. Babhor (Divisional Engineer, Limkheda division, MGVCL) Mr. N.N. Goswami (Junior Engineer, Anand Division, MGVCL) Mr. N. D. Bidhalkar (Junior Engineer, Anand Circle, MGVCL) Mr. Dharmendra Parmar, Jt. Director Tariff, GERC Maharashtra Maharashtra - ( ), Reliance -D Mr. Madhusudan Wadhe, Executive Engineer, Commercial, MSEDCL Mr. Vivek Mishra, R-Infra, Regulatory Team

51 West Bengal West Bengal -, - Mr. A Brahma, Chief Engineer (IT), WBSEDCL Mr. Udayan Ganguly, CESC, Kolkata West Bengal Mr. Tapas Chakraborty, Director, WBERC Meter Manufacturers Secure Meters Genus Meters Mr. Madhur Shrivastava, Sr. Manager, Secure Meters Ms. Swati Doshi, Business Development Manager, Secure Meters Ms. Varsha Tandel, Secure Meters (Resident team at Gujarat) Mr. Rohit Swami, Marketing Manager, Genus Meters - (SERC) - 州 -,, - 州

52 - < > NCT MSEDCL ( 25,000 ) - MERC WBSERC - WBSEDCL Kolkata - - : MGVCL,, - :,

53 - : : MGVCL : : -, ,,, :, - : :

54 : MGVCL : - : MGVCL -,,

55 . 1. (Background) Eskom % Eskom Eskom 1988 Eskom - Eskom 12 - Eskom - Eskom Eskom Eskom

56 ~ Eskom - Eskom

57 - (Standard Transfer Specification) (ABS Energy Research 2007:24) Eskom 1 - ( ) - -, Eskom - (tariff package), -, -,, Eskom., Eskom (connection fee), (conversion fee), (capital charges),, - -,

58 (tariff), -, - Eskom Eskom - basic charge( ) - Eskom. 1 (Percentage) Eskom, - Eskom, Eskom - Escom Eskom -, 65kVA 1) -, / (high block vs. low block) - (billing system) -,,,, - 1 (single-phase): 16 kv A (2.5, 20, 60A) 2 (two-phase): 32 kv A 64 kv A 3 (three-phase): 25 kv A 50 kv A (60A ) 1) kwh 의단위당요금은액티브에너지요금이라불린다. 이는고정된 rate 이거나사용되는전기의양에따라변화한다. 예를들어, block rate tariff( 성수기비성수기사용에따라다른 rates)

59 < > (Tariff) 1 25kW R VATt=R C+Vat=22.05C/KWh 2 25~50kW R VAT=R C+Vat=22.05C/KWh 3 50~100kW R VAT=R C+Vat=22.05C/KWh 4 N/A 19.34C+Vat=49.59C/KWh 1 16kW, 80A 32kW, 80A 25kW, 40A R VAT=R First 500 C/kWh 34C (incl.vat) C/kWh (incl. VAT) 2 64kW, 160A 50kW, 80A R VAT=R First C/kWh 34C (incl.vat) C/kWh (incl VAT) 3 96kW, 225A 100kW, 160A R VAT=R First C/kWh 34C (incl.vat) C/kWh (incl VAT) 4 16kW, 80A R85.13+VAT=R C+Vat=38.12 C/kWh R Vat= C+Vat=25.74 C/kWh and 20A N/A 33.12C+Vat=37.76 C/kWh 2 60A N/A 37.25C+Vat=42.47 C/kWh 2 (20A) 60A N/A 28.76C+Vat=32.79 C/kWh 2 60A N/A 32.89C+Vat=37.49 C/kWh -,, Eskom (R&S) (IARC; Industry Association Resource Center) R&S

60 (,,,, ) - (Prepayment Development) Eskom (NPF) - Eskom - (PTA) 3. ( ) (Chittagong- ) BPDB-KFW - DESCO(Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd.- ), Uttara, (BPDB), (Agrabad), Syllet, (Bogra), Serajganj - (BPDB), 20 -, Alam,

61 : -,, - -,, :,,, - - Eskom - Eskom ,,

62 Eskom - - -, - (Eastern Cape), 15% - (disconnection) (reconnection), (, ) Eskom, (,, ) -, Eskom - Eskom - -,, / -,

63 Eskom Eskom - Soweto : - Eskom,, - Eskom, -,,, -, - -, (Ngwenya, 2001)

64 Ⅲ. 국내도입방안연구

65 (,,, IT )

66 -,, ,, ~50 - -, -,,, - -,,,

67 AMI - - (a) ( ) (b) ( 前日 ),, ( 前月 ) (c). (d) (e) (f) (loads) (g) 24 (h) (units),. / 1980,, PPM -,,,, (inflexibility) -,

68 1990, 150 -, (key) Landis & Gyr, Norweb Midlands Electricity -, -, 1990 PRI -,

69 (, ) -. - ( ( ), keys, ) - ( ),

70 - -,,

71 (a) (b) (c) (d) - - TV

72 Ⅳ. 결론

73 작성요령

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