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1 Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 2013; 8(4): Online ISSN: Print ISSN: X Research Article Open Access 편평발에서 Low-dye 테이핑이한발서기동안근활성도변화에미치는영향 박민철 부산가톨릭대학교물리치료학과 The Effect of Low-dye Taping on Muscle Activity during Single-leg Standing in People with Flatfoot Min-Chull Park, PT, PhD Department of Physical Therapy, Catholic University of Pusan Received: August 6, 2013 / Revised: September 23, 2013 / Accepted: September 30, 2013 c 2013 Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine Abstract Ⅰ. 서론 PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of Low-dye Taping on muscle activity during single-leg standing in subjects with flexible flatfoot. METHODS: Thirteen able-body volunteers who had flexible flatfoot were recruited for this study. Subjects were measured navicular drop test to evaluate pronation of foot and muscle activity during single-leg standing before and after taping. The muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG from the tibialis anterior and the peroneus longus during single-leg standing on stable and unstable surface. RESULTS: The results show that the navicular drop height and the tibialis anterior muscle activity were significantly decreased after Low-dye taping. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Low-dye taping could be useful in managing overuse of the tibialis anterior by reducing their level of activation during single-leg standing. Key Words: Low-dye taping, Tibialis anterior, Flexible flatfoot, Singe-leg standing Corresponding Author : mcpark@cup.ac.kr 발의뼈, 인대, 근육은몸무게를지탱하고걷는데적합하게배열되어있고, 7개의발목뼈로구성되어있으며서로관절하여체중을받쳐주고다양한지지면위에서신체의안정성을유지하기위해일정한형태의굽이를형성하고있는데이를발바닥활 (plantar arch) 이라한다. 인간은안쪽, 중간, 가쪽쐐기뼈와입방뼈그리고발허리뼈바닥으로구성된 1개의가로발바닥활과발뒤꿈치뼈, 목말뼈, 발배뼈, 쐐기뼈및안쪽 3개의발허리뼈를잇는안쪽세로발바닥활, 그리고발꿈치뼈, 입방뼈및가쪽 2개의발허리뼈를잇는가쪽세로발바닥활등 3개의발바닥활이있다 (Houglum과 Bertoti, 2012). 두발로서있을때체중은목말발배관절 (talonavicular joint) 영역을통과해지나가는데이로인해목말뼈를아래로누르고안쪽세로활을편평하게만드는경향이있다. 편평발 (pes planus or flat foot) 은안쪽세로활이만성적으로내려가거나비정상적으로낮아진것을의미하는데발바닥근막, 스프링인대, 뒤정강근힘줄의과신장등에의해초래될수있다 (Houglum과 Bertoti, 2012; Neumann, 2010).

2 534 대한물리의학회지제 8 권제 4 호 임상에서는다양한방법으로편평발의유무를확인하고있다. 이중가장흔히사용하는방법이발배뼈하강검사 (NDT, navicular drop test) 이다. 발배뼈하강검사는체중부하상태에서바닥부터발배벼의높이를측정한후다시이완된자세로체중을부하하지않은상태에서발배뼈높이를측정하여발의엎침정도를검사하기위한것으로 10mm 이상차이를나타내면비정상으로간주한다 (Magee, 2010). 편평발은인대그리고발바닥근막의과신장과약화를초래하여체중을수용하고분산시킬수있는능력이결여되기때문에외재근들에의한과도한보상작용이발생하며이로인한과사용증후군과발의불균형등이초래될수있다 (Neumann, 2010). 인간의발과발목은자세조절이나균형유지에있어일차적인기능을수행한다 (Shumway-Cook과 Woollacott, 2001). 그러므로발과발목의비정상적인정렬을초래하는편평발은발의고유수용성감각의입력변화와하지의정렬변화그리고근활성의변화를초래하게되어보행및척추질환에도영향을미치게된다. 이에수술적교정, 근력강화, 스트레칭, 보조기, 도수교정, 테이핑요법등편평발을해결하고자하는다양한임상적중재가제공되어왔다. 이중 Low-dye 테이핑요법은발의세로활높이증가, 발배뼈의높이조절등을목적으로적용되는기법이다 (Franettovich 등, 2012; Hertling과 Kessler, 2006; Kim, 2012; Lee, 2005). Low-dye 테이핑은 1940년대에 R. Dye 박사에의해처음소개되었으며최근들어국내에서도보행중에발생하는운동형상학적변화와족저압력변화그리고균형능력변화등에관한연구들이발표되고있지만 (Kim, 2012; Lee, 2005), 하지의근활성도의변화에대한연구는부족한실정이다. 특히한발서기는보행중에한쪽으로체중이가장많이부하되는한시점이며임상에서고유수용성감각및균형능력을평가하는가장흔한방법이다. 그러므로한발서기동작을유지하는것은균형과보행에있어가장기초가되는자세라할수있다. 이에본연구에서는발배뼈하강검사를통해유연성편평발이있는것으로판명된대상자를통하여 Low-dye 테이핑적용전과 후의하지근활성도를측정하여편평발의교정을위한기초자료를마련하고자하였다. Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상본연구에대한취지와진행방법그리고의의에대해설명하고이에자발적으로참여를동의한 대성인남녀 39명중최근 6개월간발목과발에통증을경험하지않았으며한발서기에문제가없고발배뼈하강검사를통해유연성편평발이있는것으로판명된 13명을대상으로하였다. 2. 측정자세및절차 1) 한발서기대상자들은양팔을편상태로 90도굽힘, 0도벌림한상태에서맨발로한발서기를실시하였다. 동전던지기를이용하여무작위로안정지면과불안정지면에서각각한발서기를 5초간실시하였으며이후에 Low-dye 테이핑을실시한후전과동일한순서로한발서기를실시하였다. 안정지면에서의한발서기는일반바닥재위에서실시하였으며불안정지면위에서의한발서기는 AIREX Balance Pad Elite (TOGU, Swiss) 위에서실시하였다. 2) Low-dye 테이핑 Low-dye 테이핑은 Battlewin 테이핑테이프 (NICHIBAN, Japan) 를이용하였으며 Yoho 등 (2012) 의연구를바탕으로하여대상자들에게적용하였다. 대상자의발목을중립자세로위치시킨후 longitudinal anchor strip을다섯번째발허리뼈에서시작하여첫번째발허리뼈의머리까지발의외측면을따라잡아당겨부착하였다. 이후에 transverse arch support strip을발바닥면을따라바깥쪽에서안쪽으로잡아당겨부착하였으며발꿈치뼈의앞쪽에서발허리뼈의머리부분까지중첩하여부착하였다. 마지막으로 transverse arch support strip을보강해

3 편평발에서 Low-dye 테이핑이한발서기동안근활성도변화에미치는영향 535 주기위하여 longitudinal anchor strip을추가로적용하였다 (Yoho 등, 2012) 3. 근활성도측정한발서기동안앞정강근, 긴종아리근의근활성도측정은표면근전도 MP150 (BIOPAC System Inc., USA) 을이용하였다. 각각한발서기를실시하는동안수집된아날로그신호는 Acqknowledge 3.7.3(BIOPAC System Inc. Santa Babara, USA) 소프트웨어를통해실효평균값 (RMS, root mean squre) 을구한후 5초중가운데 3초의값을각각의근육에대한최대수의적등척성근수축에대한비율 (%MVIC) 을이용하여분석하였다. 4. 자료처리및분석수집된자료는 SPSS Win 21 통계프로그램을이용하여통계처리하였다. 대상자의일반적특성은백분율과빈도분석을이용하였으며테이핑전과후의발배뼈위치와안정지면과불안정지면에서테이핑전과후의근활성도의차이는 Wilcoxon 부호순위검정을실시하였다. 통계적유의수준 α=.05 로하였다. Ⅲ. 결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성본연구에참여한대상자는남자 5명, 여자 8명이었고, 평균나이는 21.53±1.89세, 평균키는 ±6.72 cm, 몸무게는 61.00±12.20 kg이었다. 2. Low-dye 테이핑전후의발배뼈하강검사결과발배뼈하강검사결과 Low-dye 테이핑전 1.07±.03cm 에서테이핑적용후 0.43±.02cm으로유의한감소가있었다 (Table 1). 3. 안정지면에서 Low-dye 테이핑전후의근활성도차이안정지면에서한발서기수행시 Low-dye 테이핑적용전과후의근활성도를측정한결과앞정강근과긴종아리근모두근활성도가감소하는경향을나타내었으나앞정강근에서만유의한감소를나타내었다 (Table 2). Table 2. Comparison of muscle activities during one-leg standing on the stable ground (%MVIC) before taping after taping z p TA 25.33± ± * PL 40.19± ± TA: tibialis anterior, PL: peroneus longus, Mean ± SE, * : p< 불안정한지지면에서 Low-dye 테이핑전후의근활성도차이불안정한지지면에서한발서기수행시 Low-dye 테이핑적용전과후의근활성도를측정한결과앞정강근과긴종아리근모두근활성도가감소하는경향을나타내었으나앞정강근에서만유의한감소를나타내었다 (Table 3). Table 3. Comparison of muscle activities during one-leg standing on the unstable ground (%MVIC) before taping after taping z p TA 35.89± ± * PL 47.95± ± TA: tibialis anterior, PL: peroneus longus, Mean ± SE, * : p<.05 Ⅳ. 고찰 Table 1. Comparison of NDT before and after taping before taping after taping z p NDT (cm) 1.07± ± * Mean ± SE, * : p<.05, NDT: navicular drop test Low-dye 테이핑은 R. Dye 박사에의해발의과도한엎침을제어할수있는방법으로제시된중재방법이다. van Lunen 등 (2011) 은 Low-dye 테이핑의적용이족저근막염환자의통증감소에영향을줄수있다고하였으

4 536 대한물리의학회지제 8 권제 4 호 며, Franettovich 등 (2012) 은후경골근의근활성를감소시킬수있다고하였다. 또한 Cheung 등 (2011) 은메타분석을통해다양한종류의테이핑요법이발의정렬회복에주는영향을줄수있지만개인의활동형태와환자의특징에따라조금씩다른양상을보일수있다고하였다. 또한 O Sullivan 등 (2008) 은 Low-dye 테이핑적용이보행중하지지지기동안족저압력과엎침정도에변화를초래한다고하였다. 국내에서역시최근에와서 Low-dye 테이핑을적용하여보행중나타나는운동형상학적변화와족저압력분포 (Kim, 2012), 그리고발배뼈의정렬과균형 (Lee, 2005) 에대한연구들이보고되고있지만널리일반화되어있지는않다. 더욱이균형과보행에있어가장기초가되는동작인한발서기에대한연구는특히부족한실정이다. 이에본연구에서는 Low-dye 테이핑이발배뼈하강정도에미치는영향과더불어한발서기동안안정지면과불안정지면에서편평발을가진대상자들의근활성도를측정하고 Low-dye 테이핑적용후의변화정도를확인하고자수행되었다. Lange 등 (2004) 10mm 이상의발배뼈하강을가진대상자들에게 Low-dye 테이핑적용결과엎침발생의정도가감소되었다고하였다. Kim 등 (2011) 또한 6주간의활지지테이핑 (arch support taping) 이발배뼈하강높이를감소시켰다고하였으며테이핑의적용방향이가쪽에서안쪽으로잡아당겨엎침에서뒤침방향으로적용하여안쪽세로활을받쳐주기때문이라하였다. 본연구결과에서도 Low-dye 테이핑적용전발배뼈하강검사의측정값이 1.07±.03cm에서테이핑적용후 0.43±.02cm으로 0.64cm 유의하게감소되었다. 이러한결과는선행연구에서와같이비탄력테이프를이용한 low-dye 테이핑이체중부하시발의안쪽세로활을지지하여과도한엎침을방지하는데영향을주었다고여겨진다. 편평발이있는사람은발바닥근막, 스피링인대등결합조직이과신장되거나약화되어장력의결여가발생하기때문에이를보상하기위하여내재근들과외재근에서의능동적인활동이작용하게된다 (Neumann, 2010). 또한 Murley 등 (2009) 도걷기동안접촉단계에서 편평발그룹의앞정강근의근활성도가증가하고긴종아리근의근활성도는감소한다고하였으며이러한근활성도의차이는안쪽세로활의과부하를줄이기위한신경근의보상작용이라하였다. 반면에, Franettovich 등 (2008) 은반엎침테이핑이발바닥활의높이를증가시키고앞정강근과뒤정강근의활성도를감소시킨다고하였으며이것은테이핑이발목과발의주요근육에주어지는부하를경감시키는역할을하는근거가될수있다고하였다. 본연구에서도한발서기시 Low-dye 테이핑적용전과적용후에앞정강근의근활성도가안정지면에서는 %MVIC, 불안정지면에서는 %MVIC 감소하였다. 앞정강근은정강뼈몸통과가쪽관절융기에서안쪽쐐기뼈와첫번째발허리뼈바닥에부착되어있고 (Houglum과 Bertoti, 2012; Neumann, 2010), 운동학적으로돌림축의바로안쪽을통과하기때문에목말밑관절 (subtalar joint) 의안쪽들림 (inversion) 을일으키고안쪽세로활에대한지지를제공하며, 목말발배관절 (talonavicular joint) 의안쪽들림과모음에도작용하는근육이다 (Neumann, 2010). 따라서한발서기를하는동안 Low-dye 테이핑적용후앞정강근의근활성도감소는발배뼈하강으로인해감소된안쪽세로활이테이핑적용으로인해상승되고지지됨으로써앞정강근의목말밑관절안쪽들림과안쪽세로활지지를위한과도한작용이감소시켰기때문이라여겨진다. Bandholm 등 (2008) 은 MTSS(medial tibial stress syndrome or shin splint) 를가진대상자에서발배뼈의하강정도와안쪽세로활의변형이증가되어있다고하였다. 또한 Sahrmann(2011) 은엎침증후군 (pronation syndrome) 은개인의체중지지활동동안에발과발목에서발생하는과도한엎침에의해발생하며발바닥근막과앞정강근 / 힘줄등에증상의근원이있다고하였다. 이러한증상은엎침운동에저항하기위한근육의노력으로부터전달되는과도한장력에의해충격을받는조직들과과도한관절위치의결과로인하여압박을받는조직들의손상에의해발생할수있다고하였다. 특히앞정강근에발생하는통증은흔히정강이통증 (shin splint) 라부르며근육이발바닥쪽굽힘을조절하기위해신장성으로작용할때나타난다고하였다. 비

5 편평발에서 Low-dye 테이핑이한발서기동안근활성도변화에미치는영향 537 록본연구가발목과발에통증을호소하지않으면서유연성편평발을가진성인남녀를대상으로시행되어졌으므로발배뼈의하강위치나 Low-dye 테이핑의적용유무가 MTSS나엎침증후군에어떠한영향을주는지를규명할수는없었다. 그러나본연구의결과에서나타난것처럼 Low-dye 테이핑이체중부하시과도하게변화되는발배뼈의위치를지지하고앞정강근의근활성도를감소시키는데효과가있다면향후발배뼈의위치또는안쪽세로활의과도한변형으로인해발생하는 MTSS 또는엎침증후근을예방하거나치료하는데에도효과적인중재방법이될수있음을간접적으로시사한다고볼수있을것이다. 두발을딛고직립보행을하는인간에있어발은자세와균형조절에가장중요한신체부위의한영역이다. 인간의뼈대와근육은서로밀접한운동연쇄를이루고있기때문에한분절의불균형은인접한다른분절에영향을미치게된다 (Houglum과 Bertoti, 2012). 특히발과발목과같이체중부하를직접적으로받는중요한관절에있어서그영향은더욱크다고할수있다. 따라서본연구를통해편평발을가진대상자의한발서기동작동안테이핑적용에따른근활성도의차이를비교하는것은향후편평발로인해나타날수있는과도한근육의작용과인접관절의변형을방지하고편평발을교정하기위한치료적중재의근거를마련할수있는기초자료가될수있을것이다. 향후많은대상자수와다양한연령층그리고장기간의관찰은물론무릎, 엉덩관절등인접관절과의관련성이포함된연구들이지속적으로이루어져야할것으로사료된다. Ⅴ. 결론본연구의결과를통해 Low-dye 테이핑의적용은안쪽세로활을지지하고앞정강근의과도한사용을감소시키는효율적인방법이될수있음을알수있었다. Acknowledgment 본논문은 2012년도부산가톨릭대학교교내학술연구비지원에의하여수행된것임. References Bandholm T, Boysen L, Haugaard S, et al. Foot medial longitudinal-arch deformation during quiet standing and gait in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(2): Cheung RT, Chung RC, Ng GY. Efficacies of different external controls for excessive foot pronation: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(9): Franettovich M, Chapman A, Vicenzino B. Tape that increases medial longitudinal arch height also reduces leg muscle activity: a preliminary study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(4): Franettovich MM, Murley GS, David BS, et al. A comparison of augmented low-dye taping and ankle bracing on lower limb muscle activity during walking in adults with flat-arched foot posture. J Sci Med Sport. 2012;15(1);8-13. Hertling D, Kessler RM. Management of common musculoskeletal disorders. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Houglum PA, Bertoti DB. Brunnstrom s Clinical kinesiology. 6th ed. F.A. Davis Kim MS. Changes of inversion angle of ankle joint and foot pressure on individuals with flexible platypodia by low-dye tapping. Catholic Unversity of Pusan Kim TH, Koh EK, Jung DY. The effect of arch support taping on plantar pressure and navicular drop height in subjects with excessive pronated foot during 6 weeks. J Korean phys med. 2011;6(4): Lange B, Chipchase L, Evans A. The effect of Low-Dye taping on plantar pressures, during gait, in subjects with

6 538 대한물리의학회지제 8 권제 4 호 navicular drop exceeding 10 mm. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther Apr;34(4): Lee JH. The effect of low-dye taping technique on navicular bone height of foot and balance. Journal of Korean Society of Sports Physical Therapy. 2005;1(1): Magee DJ. Orthopedic physical assessment. 5th ed. Elsevier Korea LLC Murley GS, Menz HB, Landorf KB. Foot posture influences the electromyographic activity of selected lower limb muscles during gait. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009;26(2):35. Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system, 2nd ed. Elsevier Korea LLC O Sullivan K, Kennedy N, O Neill E, et al. The effect of low-dye taping on rearfoot motion and plantar pressure during the stance phase of gait. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;18(9):111. Sahrmann S. Movement system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spines. Elsevier Korea LLC Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Van Lunen B, Coetes N, Andrus T, et al. Immediate effects of a heel-pain orthosis and an augmented low-dye taping on plantar pressures and pain in subjects with plantar fasciitis. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(6): Yoho R, Rivera JJ, Renschler R, et al. A biomechanical analysis of the effects of low-dye taping on arch deformation during gait. Foot (Edinb). 2012;22(4):283-6.

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