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1 J. f the Krean Sensrs Sciety Vl. 17, N. 5 (2008) pp Cyclic lefin cplymer (COC) s v w Ÿ» t v œ (SPR) Á x*á x**á x A fiber ptic surface plasmn resnance (SPR) sensr using cyclic lefin cplymer (COC) plymer prism Sung-Sik Yun, S Hyun Lee*, Chng H. Ahn**, and Jng-Hyun Lee Abstract A nvel fiber ptic surface plasmn resnance (SPR) sensr using cyclic lefin cplymer (COC) prism with the spectral mdulatin is presented. The SPR sensr chip is fabricated using the SU-8 phtlithgraphy, Ni-electrplating and COC injectin mlding prcess. The sidewall f the COC prism is partially depsited with Au/Cr (45/2 nm thickness) by e-beam evapratr, and the thermal bnding prcess is cnducted fr micr fluidic channels and ptical fibers alignment. The SPR spectrum fr a phsphate buffered saline (0.1 M PBS, ph 7.2) slutin shws a distinctive dip at 1300 nm wavelength, which shifts tward lnger wavelength with respect t the bvine serum albumin (BSA) cncentratins. The sensitivity f the wavelength shift is 1.16 nm µg 1 µl 1. Frm the wavelength f SPR dips, the refractive indices (RI) f the BSA slutins can be theretically calculated using Kretchmann cnfiguratin, and the change rate f the RI was fund t be RI µg 1 µl 1. The realized fiber ptic SPR sensr with a COC prism has clearly shwn the feasibility f a new dispsable, lw cst and miniaturized SPR bisensr fr bichemical mlecular analyses. Key Wrds : fiber ptic, cyclic lefin cplymer (COC), surface plasmn resnance (SPR) sensr, plymer prism Ÿ j d e ü g w ¾ wš d ù w» w w [2], j d w ƒ š(~ 1 pg/mm 2 ), x (HF) ƒw g jš, g d Ÿ v, w w [3]. l w t v œ, w ù j» (surface plasmn resnance, SPR) ƒ Ÿ g t x w y t w š [1]. p, Ÿ» w SPR v œ x ü [4,5]. ƒ wš, xy ƒ w SPR w» w ƒ û, z { ƒ w ñ» Ÿ w w. m Ÿ w SPR» j d w» v w. w» Ÿ SPR v Ÿ w» (prbe) k d wš w» œw (Schl f Infrmatin and Mechatrnics, Gwangju institute f science and technlgy) ƒ w, w v *w w» ù l l(nan-bi system center, Krea institute f science and technlgy) d w» w j w v ** üp w»fulœw (Electrical and cmputer engineering,., ƒÿ University f Cincinnati) š,» ƒ wš ü, ü Crrespnding authr: jnghyun@gist.ac.kr (Received : August 6, 2008, Accepted : August 28, 2008) yw Ÿw w p cyclic le

2 46 Á xá xá x 1. COC v w Ÿ SPR, (a) SPR e 3, (b) Fig. 1. Schematic f the COC prism based fiber ptic SPR sensr. (a) 3-D view f the prpsed SPR sensr chip, (b) Tp view. fin cplymer (COC) s x ƒœw q p q q lƒ ew œ x, ƒ w ƒ j w. t v q w [6]. Ì, COC s w Ÿ» w š, t yƒ SPR s xspr 1 w. x w œ j w e. COC s w v Ÿ y SPR COC s w j j s x wš, Ÿ g SPR w, COC s v d w SPR x ù w. w SPR w 2. COC SPR q rp. SPR dip t ƒ ¼ q w. n s t š, buffer Fig. 2. The wavelength spectrum f the COC SPR sensr. The SPR dip is shifted with respect t different refractive indices f the sensing layer in a micr channel. The variable, n s is a refractive index f sensing layer, and the refractive index f the buffer is w w v w. w p(evanescent) qƒ wš, t» t v (surface plasmn) (Kretchmann) Ÿ š ƒ ƒ w» t y œ q y w [7]. t w t t COC j, t ƒ y t d d w yƒ. w. Ÿ Ÿ mw v d SPR w COC s v d wš, p ƒ SPR x k w w p q, (Au) wš,» w j d q w. 5 nm Ì w. Ì SPR q rp xk w 2. y Ì w w. t, COC s SPR 2.1. Ì 45 nm š, ƒ COC s d t t v œ 62. m (SPR) x ù, v m w t œ q y wz 17«5y,

3 Cyclic lefin cplymer (COC) 폴리머 프리즘을 사용한 광섬유 기반 표면 플라즈몬 공명 (SPR) 바이오 센서 림 2에 나타내었다. 금속 표면의 굴절률이 증가할수록 공진파장은 대략 2 10 RI/nm의 민감도를 가지고 긴 파장 영역 쪽으로 이동하였다. 제작 SPR 비이오 센서를 위한 크레취만 구조를 갖는 프 리즘은 COC 폴리머를 이용한 사출 성형(injectin mlding) 방식으로 그림 2같이 제작되었다. COC 폴리 머의 사출 성형을 위한 금속 몰드로 1.5 mm 두께의3 인치 직경의 니켈 디스크를 미세 연마하여 준비하였다. 연마된 니켈 디스크를 클리닝 한 후, 120 C 오븐에서 2시간 동안 건조시켰다. 니켈 전기도금(electrplating) 을 수행하기 전에 음성 감광액인 SU (Micrchem Crp., MA, USA) 사용해 양각 패턴을 만들고, 전기도금을 하면 니켈 디스크 위에 니켈 음각 패턴이 형성되게 된다. 우선, 니켈 디스크와의 접착력을 높이 기 위해서 Omnicat (Micrchem Crp., MA, USA) 층을 300 rpm, 30 s 조건으로 스핀코팅하고, 200 C에서 1분간 baking하였다. Omnicat 층 위의 SU 층 은 200 mm 두께를 갖기 위해 650 rpm 으로 30초 동안 스핀코팅하고, 65 C에서 10분, 95 C에서 1시간 45분 동안 sft baking으로 제작되었다. Sft baking 후 니켈 디스크 위의 SU-8 층을 375 nm의 UV 파장에서 340 mj/cm 에너지로 노광하였다. 노광 공정 후 baking 공 정 (pst expsure baking)을 65 C에서 10분, 95 C에서 20분 동안 수행하고 노광된 SU-8층을 현상(develpment) 하였다(그림 3(a)). SU-8패턴이 제작된 니켈 디 스크에 사출 성형을 위한 몰드를 제작하기 위해 니켈 전기도금 공정을 수행하였다(그림 3(b)). 10 ma/cm 의 전류 밀도와 시간당 10 mm 두께로 150 mm 두께의 니켈 구조가 증착되었다. 니켈 전기도금 공정 후 SU-8 패턴을 제거하고 음각 니켈 패턴을 남긴 다음, 사출 성 형을 통해 COC 폴리머 플라스틱 판에 양각 패턴의 센 서 칩을 제작하였다(그림 3(c)). SPR 현상이 일어나는 COC 플라스틱 칩의 센서 검출 부위에 금을 45 nm 두 께로 e-beam evapratr를 사용해 증착하고(그림 3(d)), 열 접합공정(thermal bnding) 을 통해, 사출성형에 의 해 제작된 COC칩과 패턴이 되지 않은 COC 칩을 접 합하였다(그림 3(e)). SPR 검출 부위에 백색광을 입사 하기 위해, 미리 제작된 홈으로 멀티모드 광섬유를 삽 입하고 고정하였다(그림 3(f)). 그림 4(a)는 전기도금에 의해 제작된 COC 폴리머 SPR 센서 칩을 위한 니켈 몰드이다. 사출 성형에 의해 제작된 COC 칩은 그림 4(b) 와 같이 센서 검출 부위에 금 도금을 한 후 접합 되었다. 그림 4(c)는 COC 프리즘과 검출 부위에 대한 그림 3. COC 폴리머 프리즘을 사용한 광섬유 기반 SPR 센서의 공정 순서도 Fig. 3. Fabricatin sequence f the fiber ptic SPR sensr using the COC plymer prism. TM 2 그림 4. (a) 전기도금 공정이 수행된 SPR 센서의 니켈 몰 드 사진, (b) 센서 측면에 금 도금된 후 사출성형 및 열 접합 공정으로 제작된 COC SPR 센서 사 진, (c) COC 폴리머 프리즘 부분을 확대한 사진, (d) 광섬유 정렬되고, 샘플 테스트를 위한 폴리머 관이 고정된 SPR 센서의 전체 사진 2 Fig. 4. (a) the electrplated Ni mld, (b) the COC SPR chip with partially-gld-depsited sidewalls fabricated by injectin mlding and thermal bnding, (c) the magnified view f the COC prism f the prpsed SPR sensr chip, (d) the verall view f the prpsed SPR sensr aligned with ptical fibers and fixed with tubing pipes fr the sample test. 현미경 사진이다. COC 프리즘 양쪽에 광섬유를 정렬하 기 위한 홈이 있고, COC 프리즘 옆으로 마이크로 유체 채널이 붙어있다. 그림 4(d)는 광섬유가 COC 프리즘과 정렬되고, 마이크로 유체 채널의 입구와 출구에 인터페 이스 튜브가 고정된 COC폴리머 SPR 센서의 사진다. 371 J. Kr. Sensrs Sc., Vl. 17, N. 5, 2008

4 48 Á xá xá x 5. COC s SPR x» e Fig. 5. Experimental set-up. 6. r BSA Ÿ r 3. p sƒ x p x. BSA 25 µg/µl 100 µg/µl Fig. 6. The experimental ptical spectrum with respect t SPR l l-w v w cncentratins f buffer and BSA slutin. The Ÿ(Spectral prducts, ASB-W-020R) Ÿ rp BSA slutins are diluted as the cncentratin f»(agilent, 86140B) 5 w 25 µg/µl and 100 µg/µl. sƒ. Ÿ v l 1300 nm q 62.5/125 µm ³ p Ÿ w COC s v ¾ š, t rp»¾ þ. COC v w ƒ ƒ SPR y w w», Ÿ w w. SPR p sƒw» w Bvine serum albumin (BSA) SPR dip q rp y 6 d w. BSA yw w x s w, s ƒw ù, š» w t t. w, p w wš w» e p 7. SPR rp dip q y BSA t e Fig. 7. The wavelength shift f SPR spectrum dips and the w» w» w., SRP q rp y l BSA w, SPR ƒ ƒ w sƒw. w, r (0.1 M estimated refractive index f the sensing layer accrding t BSA cncentratins. PBS, ph 7.2) 25 µg/µl, 100 µg/µl BSA. d» SPR w SPR q rp d w š, ƒ ( RI µg 1 µl 1 ) ƒw SPR dip ¼ q w w [1]. w, d SPR q rp y w. 7 BSA w SPR dip w SPR dip q mw, t r š, dipq y j w w. y w. w BSA ƒ ƒw t ƒw SPR x ù t y w. SPR dip q y e» xk w Ÿ 1.16 nm µg 1 µl 1 d š, BSA p Ÿ. xk w SU-8 t y RI µg 1 µl 1 d» œ f wz 17«5y,

5 Cyclic lefin cplymer (COC) s v w Ÿ» t v œ (SPR) 49 d w, 200 nm(rms) t l w. e» 2 ~ 3 d. w w SU-8 w, Ÿ œ š x w d e» š,» w f š w. wr, p Ÿ w Ÿ Ÿ r x w ù, p Ÿ ƒ Ÿ» ƒ Ÿ ƒ v w w œ q SPR dip sharpnessƒ ù œw. w» w, Ÿ r x, Ÿ p w Ÿ y Ÿ wš [8], Ÿ g j p Ÿ w w w. 4. COC s v w ƒ z Ÿ» SPR w w. w SPR» enzymelinked immunsrbent assay (ELISA)ù»yw w ƒ wš, w v,. w SPR x COC s v p e x š, Ÿ w v ¾ w SPR xw. SPR q rp BSA SPR dip 1.16 nm µg 1 µl 1 d š, lbsa t y RI µg 1 µl 1. SPR mw» SPR w ƒ š,» w t e» w, SPR ƒ y w. Ÿ w» p j [1] X. D. Ha, A. G. Kirk, and M. Tabrizian, Tward integrated and sensitive surface plasmn resnance bisensrs: A review f recent prgress, Bisensrs and bielectrnics, vl. 23, pp , [2] M. Piliarik, J. Hmla, Z. Manikva, and J. Ctyrky, Surface plasmn resnance sensr based n single-mde plarizatin-maintaining ptical fiber, Sensrs and Actuatrs B, vl. 90, pp , [3] L. A. Oband, D. J. Gentleman, J. R. Hllway, and K. S. Bksh, Manufacture f rbust surface plasmn resnance fiber ptic based dip-prbes, Sensrs and Actuatrs B, vl. 100, pp , [4] z,», Ÿ y t v œ w Ÿ t ù x, wz, 17«, 2y, pp , [5] L. Chau, Y. Lin, S. Cheng, and T. Lin, Fiber-ptic chemical and bichemical prbes based n lcalized surface plasmn resnance, Sensrs and Actuatrs B, vl. 113, pp , [6] J.-W. Chi, S. Kim, R.Trichur, H. J. Ch, A. Puntambekar, R. L. Cle, J. R. Simkins, S. Murugesan, K. S. Kim, J. B. Lee, G. Beaucage, J. H. Nevin, and C. H. Ahn, A plastic micr injectin mlding technique using replaceable mld-disks fr dispsable micrfluidic systems and bichips, Prceedings f the 5th Internatinal Cnference n Micr Ttal Analysis Systems (micr-tas 2001), pp , Mnterey, CA, Oct , 2001,. [7] E. Kretchmann and H. Rather, Radiative decay f nnradiative surface plasmns excited by light, Z. Naturfrsch. A vl. 23, pp , [8] K.T. Kim, K. H. Lee, E. S. Shin, H. S. Sng, K. B. Hng, S. Hwangb, and K. R. Shn, Characteristics f side-plished thermally expanded cre fiber and its applicatin as a band-edge filter with a high cutff prperty, Optics cmmunicatins, vl. 261, pp , J. Kr. Sensrs Sc., Vl. 17, N. 5, 2008

6 50 Á xá xá x 2001 û w» œw 2003 Ÿ w»» œw 2008 Ÿ w»» œw 2008 ~ x Ÿ w»» œw Pst Dc. : MEMS/NEMS, (110) g ƒœ, Ÿ MEMS x 1980 w w»œw 1983 w»œw 1993 Gergia institute f technlgy» ful œw 1993 ~ 1994 Center fr Electrchemical Technlgy and Micrfabricatin Pst Dc ~ x üp w» fulœw ful w : Dispsable bichips/bi MEMS, Micrfluidic devices & systems, Plastic material & Micrmachining x 2002 š w»œw 2004 üp w»ful œw ful w 2007 üp w»ful œw ful w 2007 ~ x w w» ù l l : MEMS, On-chip PCR, ptical detectin fr LOC, plymer waveguide sensr and SPR device x 1981 w» œw 1983 w w»» œw 1986 w w»» œw 1986 ~ 2000 w m 2000 ~ 2004 Ÿ w»» œ w 2004 ~ 2005 üp w 2005 ~ x Ÿ w»» œw : Optical MEMS, Bi-MEMS, Nanphtnics, Micr/Nan machine, MEMS/NEMS prcess wz 17«5y,

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