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1 대한기계학회논문집 A 권, 제36권제9 호, pp. 979~984, < 학술논문> DOI ISSN 고속철도용안티롤바어셈블리의토션바개발 도미나가야스토시 * 편영식 * ** 김동일 최도현 * 선문대학교기계공학과, ** HI TECH, *** 대원인물( 주) Development of Torsion Bar for Antiroll-Bar Assembly for Express Train Yasutoshi Tominaga, Young-Sik Pyun *, Dong-Il Kim ** and Do-Hyun Choe *** * Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sunmoon Univ., ** HI TECH, *** DAE WON IN MUL Co., Ltd. (Received December 21, 2011 ; Revised June 16, 2012 ; Accepted June 26, 2012) Key Words: Antiroll-bar Assembly( 안티롤바어셈블리), Torsion( 토션), CAE( 컴퓨터이용공학), Dynamic Test ( 다이내믹시험), Corrosion( 부식), Wear Test( 마모시험) 초록: Antiroll-bar Assembly는철도차량의롤링을제어하도록설계된정밀부품이고안전과편안한승차감을위해중요하다. Antiroll-bar Assembly의주부품인토션바는소모품으로써프랑스에서전량수입되고있다. 따라서비용절감과성능향상을위해국내환경에적합한토션바국산화개발이필요하다. 본연구에서는국내철도에서측정된로드히스토그램을활용하여개발된토션바에대한해석및시험을진행하였고, 수입품과의비교시험결과만족할만한결과를얻었다. 또한토션바의부식현상을방지하기위해서스테인리스강소재의 Ring cover 를씌울수있도록설계를변경하였다. 변경된설계안전성은 CAE 해석과마모시험을통해서검증하였다. 이결과설계변경에의한정적및피로에대한안전성은큰차이가없었다. 그리고 2 종류의스테인리스강중에서내마모성이우수한소재를채택하였다. Abstract: An antiroll-bar assembly is a precision component that is designed to control the rolling of railway cars. It is important for ensuring a safe and comfortable ride. A torsion bar is the main part of the antiroll-bar assembly. Now, this part is classified as a consumable, and it is imported into Korea from France. Therefore, there is a strong need to domestically develop a torsion bar suitable for Korean conditions and to reduce cost and improve quality. In this study, an antiroll bar is developed, and it is analyzed and tested by using a road histogram measured on Korean railroads. This bar shows satisfactory results in a comparison with the imported bar. It has a novel design featuring a ring cover made of SUS steels to prevent the corrosion of the torsion bar. Its safety is examined through CAE analysis and wear tests. It is found that its design does not result in a significant difference in static and fatigue safety. Two different SUS steels were investigated in terms of their wear resistance, and the best one was adopted. *** R J G L θ F eq F a n N - 기호설명 - : 롤강성(MNm/rad) : 단면2 차극모멘트(mm 4 ) : 가로단성계수(GPa) : 토션바길이(mm) : 비틀림각(rad) : 등가하중(N) : 하중진폭(N) : 싸이클수 : 총싸이클수 α : 실험상수(S-N 선도기울기의역수) 이논문은대한기계학회 2011 년도추계학술대회( , EXCO) 발표논문임 Corresponding Author, pyoun@sunmoon.ac.kr C 2012 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 1. 서론 Antiroll-bar Assembly 는안전성과승차감을저하 시키는롤링을감소시키기위하여객차용대차및 동력차용대차에장착된다. Antiroll-bar Assembly 는 토션바, 레버, Rod와 Bearing 등부품으로구성되어 있다. 그중에서토션바는가장중요한부품의하 나이다. 운행중차체에서롤링이작용했을때한쪽 Rod가상승하면반대쪽 Rod는하강하며이운동 을토션바와연결된레버에전달하게되고이때 레버가아래로눌리면서토션바에비틀림작용을 유발하면토션바의비틀림강성에의해차체의롤링운동을제한하게된다. (1) Fig. 1에Antiroll-bar Assembly의전체구성과베어링부분단면그림 을나타낸다.

2 980 도미나가야스토시 편영식 김동일 최도현 Table 1 Static test criteria and result France (overall ratio) Korea (overall ratio) 7,500N (stop) 7,500N (stop) 8,000N (35%) 8,000N (15.5%) 15,000N (50%) 15,000N (72.3%) 30,000N (13%) 30,000N (12%) 40,000N (2%) 40,000N (0.2%) 50,000N (exceptional) 50,000N (exceptional) (a) Figure of Antiroll-bar Assembly (b) Sectional plan of bearing part Fig. 1 Figure of Antiroll-bar Assembly Antiroll-bar Assembly 는소모품이고현재프랑 스에서제작되어국내로수입되기때문에비용적 문제가발생한다. 또한 Fig. 1(b) 와같이토션바와 Friction ring 발생시키고, 소모량이증가하고있다. 본연구는 속에수분이진입하여부식현상을 곧부품수명저하로이어져부품 Antiroll-bar Assembly의국산화개발 을통한품질향상및비용절감을위한것이다. Antiroll-bar Assembly 는프랑스의설계기준에따 라제작되지만, 국내의경우프랑스와는다른환 경을가진다. 따라서국내사용환경에서도이 설계기준이적합한지수입품과비교평가하기위 해서 CAE Tool을이용한분석및실차모사시험 을실시한다. 또한베어링부분의문제해결을위 한설계개선및해석과마모시험을통한설계의 안전성검증을실시한다. 본논문에서는특히객 차대차용토션바의연구내용을기술한다 국산화개발타당성평가 개발소재평가 개발된소재를평가하기위하여소재물성치를 설계기준치 (2) 와비교하였다. 결과는 Table 1과같 고모두기준을충분히만족하였다. 개발소재는 수입품과유사한특성을나타낼수있을것이다. Table 2 Load histogram of Antiroll-bar Assembly Tensile test Tortion Bar (51CDV4) Specimen No. S1 S2 Tensile strength [N/mm²] (reference value) (1450~1700) Yield strength [N/mm²] (reference value) ( 1300) Charpy impact test [J/cm²] 9 10 (reference value) ( 3) Hardness (reference value) 49 HRC (47~50 HRC) 2.2 국산 로드히스토그램의작성 Antiroll-bar Assembly 는수입제품과같은설 계기준에따라제작되었다. 하지만국내사용환경 은프랑스와다르기때문에국내사용환경하에서 이설계기준이적합한지평가하기위하여 CAE Tool 을이용한분석및실차모사시험을진행하였다. 먼저국내사용환경의로드히스토그램을구하기 위해서현재운행중인 KTX차량에스트레인게이지 를장착해서측정하였다. 스트레인게이지는운행중 인 KTX 21호차량의 17 대차에장착되었다. 그렇게 획득한로드히스토그램과프랑스에서의로드히스 토그램의비교를 Table 2 에나타내었다. 국내에서는 15,000N 하중이전체사용시간의 72.3% 였으며, 프랑 스보다는높음을확인하였다. 2.3 CAE Tool 을이용한분석평가 CAETool(APMWinMachine2008, (3) ANSYSWorkbench 11.0) 을이용하여개발소재에프랑스및국내로드히 스토그램을적용한경우의안전성을비교하였다. 최 대예외하중이작용했을경우정적안전계수와로드 히스토그램에대한피로안전계수의해석결과를 Table 3 에나타내었다. 국내사용환경에대한결과는 프랑스환경에대한결과와유사하였고, 여기서의설 계기준은국내사용환경에적합하다고판단된다.

3 고속철도용안티롤바어셈블리의토션바개발 실차모사시험 정적하중시험 다음으로간이시험기를이용하여실제개발품에 대해서실차모사시험을실시, 개발품성능평가를했 다. 정적하중시험에서는레버를장착한개발토션바 의양끝을베어링으로지지한다음레버한쪽은 고정시키고다른한쪽레버에수직으로일정하중을 작용했을때의변위를통해롤강성을구한다. 시험 내용과기준값은 롤강성은다음공식 롤강성 : 시험결과는 하였다 동적시험 Table 4 와같다. (1) 을이용해서산출된다. (1) Table 5와같고기준범위를만족 다음에동적시험을실시하였다. 시험장비는 Fig. 2와같고시험내용과기준값은 Table 6 과같다. 여기 서기준값은로드히스토그램을다음공식 (3) 에적 용해서얻어진다. 이공식에서 α값이란 S-N선도기 울기부터구해진다. (4) 여기서 S-N 선도는공식 (2) 에 국내로드히스토그램과소재특성을적용해서추정 되고계산결과로 α는 2.51 이었다. static load Table 3 Result of analysis type test condition deformation roll stiffness(r) power car 10mm/min 11mm passenger car APM Torsion bar ANSYS Table 4 Contents of static test Torsion bar Assembly MNm/rad±10% MNm/rad±10% France Korea Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor S-N 선도회귀식 : (2) 등가하중 : 객차대차 동력객차 (3) 실제계산된값일경우예외적인문제가될수있 으므로약1.5% 크게선정하여시험을수행하였다. 시험결과는 Table 7 과같다. 시험후개발품에 변형비틀림등외관상의이상이검출되지않았 고국내사용환경에대한설계기준적용의타당 성이입증되었다. Permanent deformation Fatigue loading Permanent deformation Fatigue loading Table 6 Contents of dynamic test Type Test content Power car Repetition test of the peak load state Passenger Calculate change of the angle of rotation car Repeat test when there not a slip Type Load Frequency Target life Power car kgf 3 Hz 4 106cycle Passenger car kgf Table 7 Result of dynamic test Type Result of test Power car Test OK Passenger car Power car Test OK Passenger car Table 5 Result of static test Type Roll stiffness(r) Load of 11mm deformation Static Power car MNm/rad 3923 kgf load Passenger car MNm/rad 3531 kgf Fig. 2 Dynamic test machine

4 982 도미나가야스토시 편영식 김동일 최도현 Table 8 Analysis result by APM WinMachine Torsion bar Contact pressure Reaction force Before After Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Table 9 Analysis result of ANSYS Workbench (a) Before design change Torsion bar Contact pressure Reaction force Assembly Before After Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor Static safety factor Fatigue safety factor (b) After design change Fig 3 Drawing before and after the design change of the bearing part of Antiroll-bar 부식현상방지를위한개선설계안 개선설계안제시 기존설계에서는토션바와 Friction ring 속에수분 이진입하여그부위에서부식현상이발생하였다. 상기현상때문에부품수명이줄어드는문제가있 다. 이문제를해결하기위하여내식성이좋은소재 인 SUS304 로 Ring cover 제작후이부분에서의수 분진입을방지할수있도록설계를변경하였다. 변 경전 후의설계도면은 Fig 3 과같다. 3.2 CAE Tool 을이용한안전성검증 변경된설계의안전성을검토하기위해서 CAE Tool을이용해서설게변경전 후의결과를비교 하였다. 또한, 윤활문제로인하여예외적으로큰하중이 걸리는상태를고려하여다음조건의하중을베어 링부분에추가한상태에대하여검토하였다. 면압조건:PET 의최대면압값부터얻은하중. 추가하중/ 모멘트:550N/412.9Nm 반력조건: 원래작용했던반력의 10%. 추가하중/ 모멘트:532.1N/399.5Nm 해석결과는 Table 8, 9 와같다. 결과에서설계 변경전후의안전계수차이는너무작고충분히 안전하다고판단된다. 또한예외적인하중에대 해서도문제없이운행가능할것이다. 3.3 마모시험 마모시험을실시하여 정하여 SUS cover 의내마모성을측 ring cover 소재의적용가능성을검토하였다. 마모시편의시편사진과표면조건은 Fig. 4, Table 10 과같다. SUS304 에는내마모성을높히기위하여 UNSM 처리를적용했다. (5) 마모시험은 ASTM G99에 따라수행되었다 PET 시편 토션바는베어링부분에서 PET소재인 Friction ring 과접촉한다. 따라서각시편과 PET에대해시험을 실시하였다. 시험조건은 Table 11과같고시험은각 시편에대해 1시간및 2시간동안수행되었고 PET시 편의중량감소량과시험중의마찰계수를측정비 교하였다. 결과는 Table 12와 Fig. 5 에나타낸다. Table 12

5 고속철도용안티롤바어셈블리의토션바개발 983 는시험후의 PET시편중량감소량을마모량으로 환산하여비교한결과다. Fig. 5는마찰계수추이 그래프다. SUS304에대한결과값이보다작게나 와 SUS304 의교체가가능하다고판단된다 베어링볼 만일베어링부분에서 Friction ring이모두마 모되어버리거나더큰마찰이생기는상태를고 려하여베어링볼에대해시험을수행하였다. 시 험조건은 Table 13 에나타낸다. 각시편에대해 30 분동안시험을실시하여각시편의중량감소 량과마찰계수추이를측정한다. 시험결과SUS304 는DIN17220 에비해마모량및마 찰계수가커짐을확인하였고, SUS304 를 SUS630 로도 교체하여재시험을실시하였다. SUS630 시편에대한 표면조건과시편사진을 Table 14와 Fig. 6 과같다. Table 10 Surface condition of friction test specimen Surface Hardness [HRC] Surface roughnes [ μm] DIN17220 (Polished) SUS After UNSM Before UNSM Measurement method UCI (Ultrasonic Contact Impedance) Skidness Load Rev Table 13 Condition of friction test 1.6 [kgf] 100 [rpm] Temperature 18 [ ] Test method Lubrication SUS 630 Pin-on-Disk (1point contact) GREASE Table 14 Surface condition of SUS630 Surface Hardness [HRC] Surface roughness [ μm] After UNSM Before UNSM Measurement method UCI (Ultrasonic Contact Impedance) Skidness Table 15 Volume change of the specimen after the friction test DIN17220 [mm 3 ] SUS304 [mm 3 ] SUS630 [mm 3 ] Table 11 Condition of friction test Load 45 [kgf] Rev 100 [rpm] Temperature 18 [ ] Test method Pin-on-Disk (2point contact) Lubrication DRY Table 12 Volume change of the specimen after the friction test (a) To 1hour later DIN17220 SUS304 1hour [mm 3 ] hours [mm 3 ] DIN17220 Polished SUS304 UNSM treated Fig. 4 Specimen picture (b) To 2hours later Fig. 5 Change of the coefficient of friction

6 984 도미나가야스토시 편영식 김동일 최도현 Fig. 6 Specimen picture Fig. 7 Change of the coefficient of friction 시험결과는 Table 15와 Fig. 7 에나타낸다. Table 15는시험후의 PET 시편의마모량이고, Fig. 7 은시험중마찰계수추이그래프다. SUS630로 교체한결과기존소재와동등이상의성능을나 타낸다. SUS cover를 SUS630으로제작하면충분 히운행가능할것이다. 본연구는 4. 결론 Antiroll-bar Assembly의국산화개발 을통하여비용절감및성능향상에관해서개 발품의국내환경에대한적합성평가를위한것 이다. 먼저 CAE Tool을이용하여안전성분석을실 시하였다. 분석을하기위해서국내운행중 KTX 에작용하는로드히스토그램을측정하였다. 이하중조건을이용하여얻어진해석결과를프 랑스사용환경에대한결과와비교평가하였다. 분석결과는프랑스와큰차이가없고국내에서 도수입품과동등한성능을발휘할수있다고판 단되었다. 다음실차모사시험을통해서개발품평가를수 행하였다. 실제개발품에대해서간이시험기를 이용하여정적및피로하중시험을실시기준치 와비교를하였다. 시험결과는기준치를충분히 만족하여시험완료후개발품외관상에도이상 이없었다. 또한현재개발품을실제로운행하고 있는 KTX 에장착하여제품평가를진행중이다. 그리고토션바베어링부분에서부식현상방 지를위하여설계를변경하였다. 설계변경으로 인한안전성변화를안전성해석및마모시험을 통하여검증하였다. 부식방지를위하여베어링 부분에내식성이높은 SUS304소재 ring cover를 씌우도록설계를변경하였다. 전성검증을위하여 변경된설계의안 CAE Tool을이용하여해석 이실시되었고각해석결과부터설계에대한정 적및피로안전성이충분히크고개선설계안의 타당성이증명되었다. 소재내마모성을비교검토하기위하여마모시 험을실시하였다. 시험을통하여 SUS304 대신에 SUS630 을사용하면내마모성이충분하다고판단 된다. 참고문헌 (1) Kim, P.-H., 1998, "A Study on Roll Characteristics of Railway Vehicle," Proceeding book of The Korean Societyfor Railway, 11, p (2) Korea TGV Consortium, 1996, Particular Indications for Receipt of Torsion Bars," GEC Alsthom Transport Ets ACR, WBS No. K610-13ZE16406-P3140-RC+T-001, p. 6. (3) (4) Henning Agerskov, 2000, "Fatigue in Steel Structures Under Random Loading," Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 53, p (5) Pyun, Y.-S., Park, J.-H., Cho, I.-H., Kim, C.-S. and Suh, C.-M., 2009, "A Study on the Ultra Nano Crystal Surface Modification(UNSM) Technology and It's Application," Trans. of the KSME(A), Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 190~195.

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