大 韓 不 姙 學 會 誌 : 第 27 卷 第 4 號 2000

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1 남성소방관에서요통과후관절퇴행 (facet joint degeneration) 과의연관성 Yon Soo An 1, Yeon Soon Ahn 1 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, 초 록 연구목적 : 한국남성소방관중요통을호소하는사람이많은데상기증상이후관절퇴행 (facet joint degeneration) 과연관성이있는지조사하기위해본연구를실시하였다. 연구방법 : 한국을 5 개지역으로나누어서남성소방관을무작위추출한후, L1 에서 S1 까지후관절에대한 MRI 촬영을하여후관절퇴행을 0, 1, 2, 3(0 이면퇴행이없고, 숫자가커질수록퇴행이심해지는상태 ) 으로분류하고, 자가설문지를통해서최근 1 년간요통경험이있었는지여부를조사하였다. 연구결과 : 요통이없는남성소방관들을기준집단으로했을때요통이있는군에서 L5-S1 부위에후관절퇴행이존재할 odd ratio 가 2.862(CI: ) 이고 P-value 가 0.00 으로한국남성소방관의요통과 L5-S1 부위의후관절퇴행과의연관성이있다는것을알수있다. 고찰 : 본연구는단면연구이므로시간관계상명확한인과관계가있다고보기는어렵고, healthy worker effect 에의한영향이있을수있다는한계가있다. 비록후관절퇴행이모든요통을설명해주지는못하지만, 본연구를통해서요통과후관절퇴행이연관되어있다는것을알수있으며, 소방관의직업성위험에대한 risk assessment 를할수있는기회가될것이다. 핵심단어 : 소방관, 요통, 후관절, 퇴행 1. 서론 보는것이다. 요통은노동력의소실, 삶의질의저하, 기능적장애등을유발한다 (1, 2). 또한전세계인구의대략 10% 가요통을호소하고있으며 (3), 많은경제적 사회적문제를야기한다 (4). MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) 는요통의진단에널리사용되는데, 요통과 MRI finding 상요추의비정상적인소견사이의연관관계에대해서는관련이있다는의견도많고관련이없다는의견도많다. 특히자각적요통인지와 MRI finding 상 disc degeneration 사이의연관관계에대해서는그동안많은연구가있어왔지만아직그결과에대해서는논란이많다 (5, 6, 7, 8). 하지만 facet joint에 anesthetic block을시행하게되면요통이현저하게줄어들게되며 (9). 현재미국에서요통이있는환자에게흔히치료하는부위는 facet joint이다 (10). 병원에오는환자-대조군을대상으로한연구가아닌특정직업군에서요통과 MRI 상소견과의연관관계를알아보는연구는지금까지진행된적이없다. 본연구의목적은자각적으로인지하는요통과 MRI 상 facet joint degeneration 간에어떠한연관성이있는지를알아 2. 연구방법 < 조사대상 > 본연구는소방관들에게있어서업무와근골격계질환사이의관계를알아보기위한연구에서나온하나의작은연구이다. 한국에서소방관들은잦은출동, 과도한육체적부담을갖는직종이고, 특히반복적으로무거운중량물을드는경우가많아서허리에과도한부담이가해지게된다. 본연구의대상자들은무작위표본추출을하였다. 한국을서울, 경기, 경남, 부산, 광주및전남의 5개지역으로나누어서연구대상자들을선정하였고, 성별 ( 남성, 여성 ), 연령 (20대, 30대, 40대, 50대 ), 직무 ( 화재진압, 구급및구조, 행정 ) 에따라층화하여 3개층내에서무작위추출을하였다. 연구대상자들을대상으로요추 MRI 촬영, 요통의평가를위

2 Overall 20대 30대 40대 50대 Demographic characteristics 참여자수 342명 89명 97명 86명 70명 신장 174(±5.12) 174.9(±4.98) 174.8(±5.57) 173.2(±4.33) (±6.10) 체중 74.0(±8.11) 73.2(±7.78) 74.2(±8.32) 73.6(±8.48) 74.0(±8.51) BMI 24.40(±2.49) 23.9(±2.24) 24.29(±2.53) 24.54(±2.42) 25.0(±2.70) 증상요통유병률 (%) 233명 (68.1%) 53명 (59.6%) 62명 (63.9%) 71명 (82.6%) 47명 (67.1%) < 표 1> Demographic characteristics of the participants in the study 해서최근 1년간자각적요통경험이있었는지여부를설문지를통해조사하였다. 이중에서남성소방관 342명을대상으로하였다. <MRI image> MRI 촬영은 1.5 Tesla MRI를사용하여진행하였고, Sagittal T1 & T2 WI(both neural foramen이포함되도록 ), Axial T1 & T2 WI(including superior & inferior endplate, 요추 disc에평행하도록 ), Slice thickness(4mm), Sagittal location view는상하길이 mm, 영상강도균일성 (T1/T2) 은 87.5% 이상, 고스트신호백분율 (T1) 은 2.5 이하, 대조도분해능 (T1/T2) 의기준으로촬영하였다. MRI 판독간의신뢰성을높이기위해서근골격계를세부전공한 4인의영상의학과전문의들이판독을시행하였다. 환자에대한정보를전혀갖지않은채 blind로각조사대상자에대해서 2명의영상의학과전문의들이판독을시행하였다. Facet joint의퇴행성변화에대한판독일치율은판독자 1과판독자 2는 gamma 값이 사이의값이었고, 판독자 3과판독자 4 는 gamma 값이 0.7 이상의값이었다. <Facet joint degeneration grading> Facet joint degeneration은왼쪽, 오른쪽을각각나누어서 L12, L23, L34, L45, L5S1에대해서각각판독을시행하였고, grade를 0, 1, 2, 3으로나누어서 0이면퇴행이없는상태이고, 숫자가커질수록퇴행이심해지는상태로점수화하였다 (11). grade가 0인경우를 facet joint 퇴행이없음, grade 1, 2, 3인경우를퇴행이있음으로범주화하여분류하였다. <Statistical analysis> 첫번째로조사대상자의일반적인특성을알아보기위해서 frequency analysis를실시하였다. 요통의유병률, 20대, 30대, 40대, 50대의각각의인구구성비의정도와키, 몸무게, BMI에대한 distribution을조사하였다. 두번째로범주형자료에서 Chi-square test를실시하여요통의유무와 MRI상 facet joint degeneration을비교하였다. 세번째로요통을 dependent variable로보고 facet joint degeneration 을 independent variable로보아서 binary logistic regression을비교하여 odd ratio를구하였다. 나이에대해서 adjustment를실시하였다. 본연구의분석은모두유의수준 P < 0.05에서검증하였으며, 통계처리는 R 프로그램을사용하여분석하였다. 3. 결과 < 표 1> 은조사대상에해당되는남성소방공무원 342 명의 demographic 한특징을보여주는것이다. 한국에서여성소방공무원은육체적업무부담이남성보다적은분야에많이종사하고홍보나행정쪽의일을많이해서일반적인소방관의특징을보여주기힘들다고판단되며그숫자가적어서본연구에서는제외하였다. 전체조사대상은 20대 89명, 30대 97명, 40대 86명, 50대 70명으로구성되며, 상기조사대상의평균신장은 174(±5.12) 이었고, 20대의평균신장은 174.9(±4.98), 30대의평균신장은 174.8(±5.57), 40대의평균신장은 173.2(±4.33), 50대의평균신장은 (±6.10) 이었다. 전체조사대상자의평균체중은 74.0(±8.11) 이었고, 20대의평균체중은 73.2(±7.78), 30대의평균체중은 74.2(±8.32), 40대의평균체중은 73.6(±8.48), 50대의평균체중은

3 Overall(%) 20대 (%) 30대 (%) 40대 (%) 50대 (%) Total 342명 (100%) 89명 (100%) 97명 (100%) 86명 (100%) 70명 (100%) L1-L2 FJD 73명 (21.4%) 8명 (9.0%) 17명 (17.5%) 21명 (24.4%) 27명 (38.6%) L2-L3 FJD 131명 (38.3%) 24명 (27.0%) 36명 (37.1%) 36명 (41.9%) 35명 (50.0%) L3-L4 FJD 143명 (41.8%) 31명 (34.9%) 36명 (37.1%) 36명 (41.9%) 40명 (57.1%) L4-L5 FJD 162명 (47.4%) 34명 (38.2%) 41명 (42.3%) 44명 (51.2%) 43명 (61.4%) L5-S1 FJD 134명 (39.2%) 21명 (26.0%) 39명 (28.4%) 37명 (25.1%) 37명 (52.9%) < 표 2> Prevalence of facet joint degeneration in the lumbar region according to age L12 FJD L23 FJD L34 FJD L45 FJD L51 FJD 요통유무 없음 있음 합계 빈도 행 % 빈도 행 % 빈도 행 % 없음 87 32% % % 있음 22 30% 51 70% % 없음 69 33% % % 있음 40 31% 91 69% % 없음 62 31% % % 있음 47 33% 96 67% % 없음 60 33% % % 있음 49 30% % % 없음 76 37% % % 있음 33 25% % % χ 2 P value < 표 3> 퇴행성여부에따른요통유무 74.0(±8.51) 이었다. 전체조사대상자의평균 BMI는 24.40(±2.49) 이었고, 20대의평균 BMI는 23.9(± 2.24), 30대의평균 BMI는 24.29(±2.53), 40대의평균 BMI는 24.54(±2.42), 50대의평균 BMI는 25.0(± 2.70) 이었다. 요통의경험이최근 1년간있었던사람은총 342명중 233명으로 68.1% 였고, 20대중요통경험자는 53명으로이는전체 20대조사대상자중 59.6% 에해당하며, 30대중요통경험자는 62명으로전체 30 대조사대상자중 63.9% 에해당하였다. 40대중요통경험자는 71명으로이는전체 40대조사대상자중 82.6% 에해당하며, 50대중요통경험자는 47명으로전체 50대조사대상자중 67.1% 에해당하였다. < 표 2> 는나이에따른 facet joint degeneration (FJD) 의유병률을보여주는것이다. L1-L2 FJD가있 는사람은 73명으로전체조사대상자중 21.4% 에해당하였다. L2-L3 FJD가있는사람은 131명으로전체조사대상자중 38.3% 에해당하였다. L3-L4 FJD 가있는사람은 143명으로전체조사대상자중 41.8% 에해당하였다. L4-L5 FJD가있는사람은162 명으로전체조사대상자중 47.4% 에해당하였다. L5-S1 FJD가있는사람은 134명으로이는전체조사대상자중 39.2% 에해당하였다. < 표 3> 은나이에따른 facet joint degeneration과요통의관계를보기위해서 Chi-square 통계를사용한결과이며, FJD_L5S1에서요통과 L5S1의퇴행간에 Cχhi-square 값이 이고 P-value가 0.02로통계적으로유의한것으로나왔다. < 표 4> 는척추의각레벨별 facet joint degeneration의퇴행여부에따른요통의경험유무

4 요통없음 요통있음 95% confidence interval P-value L1-L2 FJD ( ) 0.61 L2-L3 FJD ( ) 0.45 L3-L4 FJD ( ) 0.31 L4-L5 FJD ( ) 0.43 L5-S1 FJD ( ) 0.00 < 표 4> Association between LBP and facet joint degeneration at each level of lumbar spine in MRI 를 binary logistic regression을실시하여 odd ratio를구한것인데, 요통이없는남성소방관들을기준집단으로했을때요통이있는군에서 L1-L2에 FJD가존재할 odd ratio가 이었지만 P-value가 0.61 로통계적으로유의하지않았다. 또한요통이있는군에서 L4-L5에 FJD가존재할 odd ratio가 1.321이었지만 P-value가 0.43으로통계적으로유의하지않았다. 한편요통이있는군에서 L5-S1에 FJD가존재할 odd ratio가 2.862였고 P-value가 0.00으로통계적으로유의하였다. 4. 고찰 예전에도요통과 lumbar disc degeneration간의연관성에대한연구는많이있었다 (12-15). 하지만특정인구집단을대상으로하여상기주제를다룬연구나요통과 facet joint degeneration과의연관성에대한대규모연구는없었다. 예전에비록몇몇연구들에서 CT를이용하여 physical activity 와 zygapophyseal joint(facet joint) degeneration과의관계에관하여연구한것은있었으나 (16, 17) MRI를이용하여상기주제에대하여연구한것은본연구가최초이다. 본연구를통해서소방관이라는특정직업군에서의요통의유병율을알수있었으며, 요통과 Facet joint degeneration의관계에있어서모든 lumbar facet joint에서일치하지는않았지만, L5-S1 에서는 odd ratio 가 정도로연관성이있음을확인할수있었다. 요통과디스크의퇴행사이에는연관관계가없다는연구도있으나 (18, 19), 본연구에서는요통과 L5-S1 에서의퇴행은연관관계가명확하다는점을알수있었다. 본연구는몇가지제한점이있다. 첫번째로, crosssectional study라는점이고, 그로인하여시간관계상명확한인과관계가있다고보기는어렵다. 두번째로대략 800여명의소방관을대상으로한연구이지만 MRI를촬영한사람은남성이 342명, 여성이 100여명이며, 여기에서 MRI를촬영한남성소방관만을대상으로한연구이므로일반인구집단을대변해주지는못한다는한계가있지만 occupational hazard에대한연구의기초가될수있을것으로보인다. 세번째로 healthy worker effect에의한영향이있을수있다. 한국에서공무원이되기위해서는필기시험및체력시험의치열한관문을통과해야하기때문에이를통과한사람들은일반인구집단에비하여상당히건강하다고할수있다. 또한소방관들은무거운화재진압장비, 환자이송등과같이허리에부담을주는일을자주하므로허리가건강하지못한사람들은조기에퇴직한다는점또한고려해야한다. 네번째로본연구에서는요통을최근 1년간허리에통증을경험한사람으로정의했는데, 요통에대해서명확히정의하기가곤란하다는점이다 (20-23). 하지만이러한한계점들에도불구하고잘선택된 randomization을통해서소방관에있어서 MRI를이용하여요통과후관절퇴행과의상관관계에대해연구한 study라는점이큰장점이라고할수있다. 또한이연구를통해소방관의직업적위험에대한 risk assessment를행함에있어서참고자료가될수있을것이다. 5. 결론 본연구는남성소방관들의 MRI를통해서 lumbar region에서 facet joint의 radiographic degeneration을조사하고, 이것과요통과의상관관계를알아보는연구이다. 비록 facet joint degeneration이모든요통을설명해주지는못하지만, 상기연구를통해서 L5-S1의퇴행성변화는요통과연관이있다는것을알수있었다.

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Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작! MH연세병원에서 만날 수 있습니다. 주요센터 소개 14 치과 소개 32 의료장비 소개 34 편의시설 38 www.mysh.co.kr 경남 창원시 마산합포구 3.15대로 76 (월남동2가): 055. 243. 0100 진료시간 안내 평일 09:00~18:00 / 토요일 09:00~13:00 응급실 24시간 진료 055.240.7777~8 Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작!

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