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1 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 44 권제 4 호 2009 J Korean Orthop Assoc 2009; 44: 저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술 - 일측성및양측성접근법에따른비교 - 민상혁ㆍ이대희 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients with Low Grade Spondylolisthesis - Comparison of the and Approaches - Sang-Hyuk Min, M.D., and Dae-Hee Lee, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Purpose: We wanted to analyze the clinical and radiological results of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) in patients with low grade spondylolisthesis, and we also compared the unilateral and bilateral es. Materials and Methods: This study examined a consecutive series of 27 patients who underwent one-level MI-TLIF (16 cases of the unilateral and 11 cases of the bilateral ) and the follow-up data was compared with a minimum 1-year follow-up. The amount of intraoperative blood loss, the postoperative drainage, the transfusion requirement and the surgery time were investigated. The clinical outcomes were analyzed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the SF-36 Physical Composite Score (SF-36). The preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up changes in the height of the disc, the degree of the slipping and the slip angle in the fused segments were radiologically analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the two s in terms of the clinical and radiological results at the last follow-up. But the unilateral - was found to have less blood loss, less postoperative drainage, a lesser requirement for transfusion and a shorter duration of surgery. During the reduction process in 1 patient among the cases that had the unilateral used, the pedicle screw fixed to the vertebral body fell out. Conclusion: The unilateral MI-TLIF can shorten the operation time and reduce the blood loss as compared to the bilateral. Key Words: Spondylolisthesis, Minimally invasive surgery,, Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion 서론척추전방전위증은일상생활이힘든정도의요통이지속되거나, 신경압박증상이진행될때, 심한척추불안정성이있을때수술적치료가시도되어 1,2) 많은저자들이다양한치료법으로결과를보고하였다. 척추의생역 접수일 :2009 년 3 월 5 일, 게재확정일 :2009 년 6 월 25 일교신저자 : 민상혁충남천안시안서동 16-5 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 TEL: ㆍ FAX: osmin71@naver.com 학적인관점에서척주전방에대한지지가가능하고척주의만곡을회복하고압박력을통하여높은골유합률을얻을수있는추체간유합술이많이시행되었고, 3-5) 최근에는술중연부조직손상, 주변근육손상및실혈을최소화하는최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술이많은관 Correspondence to Sang-Hyuk Min, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, 16-5 Anseo-dong, Cheonan , Korea Tel: , Fax: osmin71@naver.com 429

2 430 민상혁ㆍ이대희 심을받게되었다. 6,7) 하지만아직까지는척추전방전위증을대상으로한연구는드물며, 더욱이일측성및양측성접근법에따른유용성을비교분석한연구는전무한편이다. 본연구는저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술을시행하여임상적결과및방사선학적결과를분석하고, 일측성및양측성접근법에따른유용성을알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상및방법 2005년 3월부터 2007년 7월까지본원에서척추전방전위증으로진단받은환자중최소침습적경추간공척추체간유합술을시행받고최소 1년이상추시관찰이가능하였던 27예 ( 일측성접근법 16예, 양측성접근법 11예, Meyerding Grade I 20예, Grade II 7예, 퇴행성형 15 예, 협부형 12예 ) 를대상으로하였다 (Table 1). 일측성접근법을시행한예에서척추관협착증이동반된경우추궁하감압술및반대측의신경공감압술을포함하여시행하였다. 일측성접근법과양측성접근법의선택은시기적으로 2005년 3월부터 2006년 6월까지는양측성접근법을, 2006년 7월부터 2007년 7월까지는일측성접근법을시행하였다. 일측성접근법에서유합술을시행한방향은수술전임상증상이심한부위를택하였고증상이동일한경우에는방사선학적검사에서후관절의퇴행성정도및신경공협착의정도가심한곳을택하였다. 경추간공요추추체간유합술시전방지지를위하여모든예에서 cage 를사용하였으며, 유합에사용된골은후궁절제술시얻어진골을모든예에서이용하였으며부족할경 Table 1. Classification All s Meyerding grade Grade I (case) Grade II (case) Type Degenerative (case) Isthmic (case) Total (case) 우에는후상방장골극에서약 1 cm 크기의절개를통해자가골을채취하였다. 실혈량, 수술후배액량, 수혈량, 수술시간을조사하였고, 임상결과는요통및방사통의시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수를이용하여평가하였다. 방사선학적으로는수술전, 후및최종추시시측정한추간판높이와전위정도, 전위각을각각조사하였다. 환자의평균나이및추시기간은, 전체 세 (30-77) 와 18.13개월 (12-27개월), 일측성접근군의경우 60.47세 (46-72 세 ) 와 개월 (12-27 개월 ), 양측성접근군의경우는 세 (30-77세) 와 개월 (12-27개월) 이었다. 성별은남자가 5명, 여자가 22명이었으며, 일측성접근군의경우여자가 16명이었고, 양측성접근군의경우남자 5명, 여자가 6명이었다. 2. 방사선학적분석및임상적평가방사선학적분석은방사선과전문의 1인과정형외과전문의 1인이각각 3회씩측정한값의평균값을그측정값으로하였으며술전, 후및최종추시시추간판높이와전위정도, 전위각을측정하였으며, 또한각각수술적접근법에따라나누어분석하였다. 추간판높이는유합술을시행한분절의상하골단판을잇는직선을긋고, 골단판의중심을서로연결하는수선의길이로측정하였으며, 전위정도는전위된추체하부추체의전후경에대한전위된추체의후연에서하부추체상위골단판에수직으로만나는점과하부추체의후연까지의길이의비로측정하였고, 전위각은이들상하골단판이이루는각도로측정하였다. 임상적결과의판정은시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수를이용하여평가하였다. 마취기록에의거하여수술중실혈량과수술시간을조사하였고, 수혈량과수술후배액량도수술적접근법에따라각각조사하였다. 통계학적유의성검증은 SPSS software version 12.0 독립표본 T-검정을이용하였다. 3. 수술방법양측성접근법의경우중앙에서약 2.5 cm 떨어진부위에두개의 2.5 cm 길이의정중방피부절개를가하고, 다열근과최장근을분리하여근육사이로접근하여추궁판과후관절까지도달하였으며, 후관절이노출되면미세

3 저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술 431 척추견인기를걸고수술용미세현미경하에아래관절돌기및위관절돌기의상부반을제거하고황색인대를제거하여상부척추경을돌아빠져나가는신경근과척추관내경막을노출시킨후추간판제거술을시행하였다. 다음으로추체간기구 (shaver) 를이용하여순차적으로추체간격을신연시키고 (Fig. 1), 유합할상하요추종판을소파하여준비하고, 반대측또한동일한방법으로시행한후감압술시얻은골편을이용하여 cage 를채운후추체사이에삽입하였다. 이과정에서전방전위정복정도를확인한후경피적척추체나사못고정을시행하였다 (Fig. 2). 전위정복시술중수술대위에서자세를조절하여정복을얻는체위정복법및추간판신연에의한정 복법을적용한후전방전위정복정도를확인한후만족할만한전위정복이이루어지지않은경우정복나사못을사용하여고정하였다. 일측성접근법의경우중앙에서약 2.5 cm 떨어진부위에한개의 2.5 cm 길이의정중방피부절개를가하고, 양측성접근법과동일한방법으로신경을노출시키고추간판제거술을시행한후추체간격을신연및종판소파를하였다. 만일척추관협착증을동반한경우환자를술자반대쪽으로기울인후미세현미경하에고속드릴을이용하여일측에서추궁하감압술및반대측신경공감압술을시행하였다. 신경감압이충분히된것을확인한후에후궁절제술시얻어진골편과후상방장골극에서채 Fig. 1. Lateral fluoroscopic image showing restoration of disc height. (A) Preoperative lateral fluoroscopic image showing spondylolisthesis. (B) A distracting osteotome is used to enter the disc space and obtain enough height to allow placement of the initial distractor, followed by sequentially larger interbody distractors. Fig. 2. MI-TLIF procedure with anterolosthesis reduction for grade II spondylolisthesis. (A) Preoperative lateral radiography. (B) Postoperative lateral radiography showing reduction of spondylolisthesis.

4 432 민상혁ㆍ이대희 취한자가골을두개의 cage 에채워넣은후일측에서두개의 cage 를삽입한후전방전위정복정도를확인한후경피적척추체나사못고정을시행하였으며, 필요시일측에서정복나사못을사용하여전위정복을시행한후고정술을시행하였다 (Fig. 3). 결과 1. 임상적결과및평가수술중실혈량, 술후배액량, 수혈량및수술시간모두에서일측성접근군이양측성접근군에비해통계학적으로유의하게적었다 (p<0.05)(table 2). 임상적평가는요통및방사통의시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수를수술전, 수술후 2주, 6주, 6개월, 최종추시에각각측정하여비교한결과통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p>0.05)(table 3). 일측성접근군및양측성접근군의입원기간은각각평균 7.0일, 9.09일로측정되었으며 27 예모두에서수술한다음날보행을시작하였다. 2. 방사선학적결과평균추간판높이, 평균전위정도및평균전위각모두에서수술전, 수술후, 최종추시시두접근법사이에통계학적으로유의한차이는없었다 (Table 4). 또한전위정복소실률이두접근법사이에통계학적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 3. 합병증추체간유합의판정은단순방사선촬영에서케이지의전후방에상하추체를연결하는골성가교가보이면서케이지와추체종판사이에방사선학적해리가보이지않으며척추경나사못기기의파손이나해리가없고굴곡- 신연동적촬영에서 2 o 이하의움직임을보이는경우로하 Table 3. Clinical Outcomes Fig. 3. Lateral fluoroscopic images showing reduction of a spondylolisthesis using the reduction screw extender. Table 2. Perioperative Data Variables Average intraoperative blood loss (cc) Average postoperative drainage (cc) Average total blood replacement (pint) Average surgical time (minute) All s p-value All s p-value VAS (Back pain) Preoperative score Postoperative 2 wks Postoperative 6 wks Postoperative 6 months Last follow-up VAS (Radiating pain) Preoperative score Postoperative 2 wks Postoperative 6 wks Postoperative 6 months Last follow-up ODI (Oswestry disability index) Preoperative score Postoperative 2 wks Postoperative 6 wks Postoperative 6 months Last follow-up SF-36 physical composite score Preoperative score Postoperative 2 wks Postoperative 6 wks Postoperative 6 months Last follow-up

5 저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술 433 Table 4. Height of the Disc, Percentage of Slipping & Slip Angle All s p-value Height of the disc Preoperative (mm) Postoperative (mm) Last follow-up (mm) Percentage of slipping Preoperative (%) Postoperative (%) Last follow-up (%) Slip angle Preoperative ( o ) Postoperative ( o ) Last follow-up ( o ) 였다. 일측성접근군에서불유합이 1예에서관찰되었으며, 그외경막손상및신경손상등의합병증은발생하지않았다. 고찰척추전방전위증의치료로후방감압술, 전방또는후방추체간유합술, 후외측유합술및경추간공요추추체간유합술등다양한방법들이운동분절의안정화, 신경감압, 추간판높이의재건및척추정렬의회복을목적으로시행되었다. 최근최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술이술중연부조직손상, 주변근육손상및실혈을최소화하며 6,7) 재원기간을단축시키고진통제의사용을줄일수있다고하였다. 8) 본교실에서도척추관협착증에서추궁하감압술에의한최소침습적일측성경추간공요추추체간유합술에관한연구보고에서같은결과를얻은경험이있었고특히일측성접근법이양측성접근법에비해임상적결과에차이가없으며수술시간이단축되고실혈량이적었다. 9) 이에저도전위척추전방전위증의치료에도효과적인방법으로사용될수있을것으로생각하여최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술을시행하여임상적결과및방사선학적결과를분석하고, 일측성및양측성접근법에따른유용성을알아보았다. 임상적결과로 Wu 등 10) 의보고에서는퇴행형척추전방전위증에서추궁절제술과후외측유합술을시행한 82 예에서 Oswestry 장애지수가술전 56에서최종추시시 30으로개선되었다고하였다. Sears 11) 는후방요추 추체간유합술 34예를시행하였고술전시각통증등급이 5.3에서최종추시에서 2.2로개선되었다고하였다. Park과 Foley 12) 는최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술 40예를시행하여술전시각통증등급 (0-100), Oswestry 장애지수가 52, 55에서술후 15, 16으로개선되었다고보고하였다. 최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술을시행한본연구에서는술전요통및방사통의시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수는각각 6.1, 8.1, 49.8, 30.4 이었으며술후최종추시시각각 0.7, 0.5, 14.7, 68.4로개선되었다. 방사선학적결과로 Yan 등 13) 은퇴행성척추전방전위증 187예에서후방요추추체간유합술을시행한군에서술전추간판높이가 6.8 mm에서술후 11.6 mm, 최종추시시 11.2 mm였고술후전위정복은 75.2% 에서최종추시시에는 72.6% 로감소하였으며경추간공요추추체간유합술을시행한군에서는술전추간판높이가 6.7 mm에서술후 11.4 mm, 최종추시시 11.3 mm였고술후전위정복은 75.4% 에서최종추시시에는 72.4% 로감소하여두수술법간결과에차이가없음을보고한바있다. Park 과 Foley 12) 는 40예를대상으로최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술을시행하여평균 76% 의전위정복을얻었다고하였다. 본연구에서는임상적및방사선학적결과에서다른연구와비교하여유사한결과를보여기존방법들과함께최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술이척추전방전위증치료에있어우수한방법중하나라고생각한다. 본연구에서저자들은일측성접근법을시행할때충분한전위정복을얻고유지할수있는지를양측성접근법과비교분석하였다. 임상적평가로이루어진시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수는두군에서유의한차이를보이지않았지만수술중실혈량, 수술시간, 수혈량및수술후배액량은일측성접근군에서통계학적으로유의하게적었고, 방사선학적평가로이루어진수술전, 후및최종추시관찰시측정한추간판높이, 전위정도및전위각은두군사이에통계학적으로유의한차이가없었다. 하지만전위정도에서최종추시시전위정복소실률이두접근법간에통계학적으로유의한차이는없었지만양측성 (1.4%) 에비해일측성접근법 (1.9%) 에서큰경향이있었던것은저자들의경우일측성접근법에서일측에서두개의 cage 를넣었는

6 434 민상혁ㆍ이대희 Fig. 4. (A, B) On the reduction of a spondylolisthesis using the reduction screw extender (A), note pull-out of the reduction screw (B). (C) Reduction using reduction screw after cement augmentation. 데이과정에서반대측까지 cage 를밀어넣기위해양측성에비해 cage 의크기를약간줄이려는경향이있었기때문으로생각된다. 전위정복에있어대부분의경우체위정복및추간판신연에의한정복만으로만족할만한전위정복을얻을수있다. 14) 본연구에서도접근법에무관하게 27예중 25예 (92.6%) 에서체위정복및추간판신연으로만족할만한전위정복이이루어졌다. 그러나그렇지못한 2예 ( 요추 4-5 협부형의일측성 1예, 요추5-천추1 퇴행형의양측성 1예 ) 는 Meyerding grade II 중추간판간격이매우좁아져있던경우로정복나사못을사용하였는데, 일측성접근법을시행하였던예중 1예에서정복하는과정에서척추체에고정한척추경나사못이후방으로빠져나와골시멘트보강을시행한후정복을재시도하였다 (Fig. 4). 최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술에서체위정복및추간판신연으로만족할만한전위정복이이루어지지않을경우효과적으로척추시상만곡을회복하고유지하기위해일측에서정복을시도할지, 아니면양측에서동시에정복을시도할지가관건이라고생각한다. 따라서본연구에서접근법에무관하게체위정복및추간판신연에의한전위정복이이루어졌으므로저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술시양측성에비해수술시간및실혈량, 수혈량이적은일측성접근법으로체위정복및추간판신연을통한정복을시도하고, 만일만족스러운정복을얻지못할경우정복나사못등을이용하여정복을시도하는데이때 Meyerding grade II 이상이면서추체간격이심하게좁아진경우양측에서동시에정복을시도하는것이좋을 것으로생각된다. 본연구는대상규모가작고추시기간이짧은한계점이있어향후더큰대상규모로비교분석이필요하다고생각한다. 결론최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술은저도전위척추전방전위증의치료에서전통적인후방도달법과더불어효과적인방법으로, 일측성접근법은양측성접근법과비교할때임상적, 방사선학적결과에있어차이가없고수술시간및실혈량을줄일수있을것으로생각된다. 감사의글이연구는 2009학년도단국대학교대학연구비지원으로연구되었습니다. 참고문헌 1. Kaneda K, Kazama H, Satoh S, Fujiya M. Follow-up study of medial facetectomies and posterolateral fusion with instrumentation in unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;203: Kim NH, Lee JW. Anterior interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation for isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. A comparison of clinical results. Spine 1999;24: Cloward RB. Spondylolisthesis: treatment by laminectomy and posterior interbody fusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;154: Lin PM. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion technique:

7 저도전위척추전방전위증에서최소침습적경추간공요추추체간유합술 435 complications and pitfalls. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;193: Suk SI, Lee CK, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Kim HG. Adding posterior lumbar interbody fusion to pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion after decompression in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1997;22: Foley KT, Holly LT, Schwender JD. Minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Spine. 2003;28 Suppl: Schwender J, Holly LT, Rouben DP, Foley KT. Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): technical feasibility and initial results. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005;18 Suppl: Isaacs RE, Podichetty VK, Santiago P, et al. Minimally invasive microendoscopy-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with instrumentation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005; 3: Min SH, Hwang SS. Minimal invasive unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion by sublaminar decompression -comparison to bilateral -. J Korean Orthop. Assoc 2009;44: Wu CH, Kao YH, Yang SC, Fu TS, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Supplementary pedicle screw fixation in spinal fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis in patients aged 65 and over: outcome after a minimum of 2 years follow-up in 82 patients. Acta Orthop. 2008;79: Sears W. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis: restoration of sagittal balance using insertand-rotate interbody spacers. Spine J. 2005;5: Park P, Foley KT. Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with reduction of spondylolisthesis: technique and outcomes after a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25:E Yan DL, Pei FX, Li J, Soo CL. Comparative study of PLIF and TLIF treatment in adult degenerative spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J. 2008;17: Cho KJ, Moon KH, Lee DJ, Lee KY, Kim KH, Park SR. Factors affecting reduction of slippage in posterolateral fusion for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. J Kor Soc Spine Surg. 2006;13: = 국문초록 = 목적 : 저도전위척추전방전위증치료에서최소침습적경추간공척추체간유합술을시행하여임상적결과및방사선학적결과를분석하고, 일측성및양측성접근법에따른유용성을알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 척추전방전위증으로진단받은환자중최소침습적경추간공척추체간유합술을시행받고최소 1 년이상추시관찰이가능하였던 27 예 ( 일측성접근법 16 예, 양측성접근법 11 예 ) 를대상으로하였다. 실혈량, 수술후배액량, 수혈량, 수술시간을조사하였고, 임상결과는시각통증등급, Oswestry 장애지수, SF-36 의신체요소종합점수를이용하여평가하였다. 방사선학적으로는수술전후및최종추시관찰시측정한추간판높이와전위정도, 전위각을각각조사하였다. 결과 : 접근법에따른비교에서수술전후및최종추시시임상및방사선학적결과는두비교군에서통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았으나, 일측성접근법에서양측성접근법보다출혈량, 수술후배액량, 수혈량, 수술시간이유의하게적었다 (p<0.05). 일측성접근법을시행하였던예중정복나사못을이용하여정복하는과정에서척추체에고정한척추경나사못이후방으로빠져나온예가 1 예에서있었다. 결론 : 최소침습적일측성경추간공요추추체간유합술은양측성접근법에비해수술시간을단축시키고실혈량도줄일수있을것으로생각한다. 색인단어 : 척추전방전위증, 최소침습적수술, 일측성접근법, 경추간공요추추체간유합술

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