Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerati
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1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders - Minimum 3 Years Follow up Results Kyung-Jin Song, M.D., Kwang-Bok Lee, M.D.,and Dong-Hun Ham, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2011 Dec;18(4): Originally published online December 31, 2011; Korean Society of Spine Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine #7-206, 3rd ST. Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, , Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2011 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Dec;18(4): Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders - Minimum 3 Years Follow up Results Kyung-Jin Song, M.D., Kwang-Bok Lee, M.D.,and Dong-Hun Ham, M.D. Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: To evaluate the three-plus year follow-up results of patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion with PEEK cage and pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative disease. Summary of Literature Review: There are few previous reports addressing posterior lumbar interbody fusion using PEEK cage with mid-term follow up periods. Materials and Methods: 260 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion with PEEK cage and pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative disease were enrolled. We classified patients into three groups according to their fusion level: group A (n=151) had one-level fusion, and group B (n=91) had two-level fusion, and group C (n=18) had three-level fusion. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by pre- and post-operative Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complication and reoperation rates. Radiologic outcomes were measured by the fusion rate, sagittal alignment, disc height and changes. Results: VAS (pre-operative to final follow-up) changed from 7.62±2.03 (5-10) to 3.19±1.94 (1-8) in group A, from 6.83±2.28(4-9) to 4.51±2.18(2-9) in group B and from 7.17±2.46 (5-10) to 4.63±1.97(1-9) in group C. Final follow-up ODI also decreased in group A (17.6±8.56%), group B (15.4±5.46%) and group C (24.7±7.46%). This corresponds to scores of 94.7% in group A, 92.3% in group B and 94.4% in group C. There were significant differences between preoperative, post-operative and final follow-up lumbar lordosis [p=0.042(group A), 0.036(group B), 0.045(group C)], segmental lordosis [p=0.036(group A), 0.039(group B), 0.047(group C)]. Reoperation was performed in patients 8 group A, 4 group B, and 1 group C, and there is no significant diffrence between groups. Adjacent segmental change was found in all reoperation patients, but showed no correlation with clinical results. Conclusions: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with PEEK cage and pedicle screw fixation in lumbar degenerative disease showed excellent clinical results and fusion rates, regardless of patient fusion levels. Key Words: Lumbar degenerative disease, Posterior lumbar interbody fusion, Pedicle screw, PEEK cage 서론 후방추체간유합술은 1945 년 Cloward 에의해소개된이후단일후방피부절개를통해직접적인신경감압과동시에체중부하가주로전달되는요추체부에충분한골이식, 추간판간격의복원이가능한효과적인시술로알려져있으며, 근래에는티타늄 (titanium) 또는카본 (carbon) 을재료로한다양한케이지를이용하여과거이식골단독사용으로인한이식골의흡수, 함몰등을줄일수있게되었다. 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술은추체의전방주에부하를적절하게전달하기때문에, 후측방 Received: May 2, 2011 Revised: October 26, 2011 Accepted: November 7, 2011 Published Online: December 31, 2011 Corresponding author: Kwang-Bok Lee, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk University Hospital , Keum Am-dong, Dukjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, , Korea TEL: , FAX: osdr2815@naver.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 230 Copyright 2011 Korean Society of Spine Surgery
3 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Table 1. Demography of Patients Group A Group B Group C Case(No) Sex(M:F) 67:84 38:53 7:11 Age(years) 58.73± ± ±9.08 Preoperative Diagnosis LSS * SLT LSS with SLT HLD * LSS: Lumbar spinal stenosis, SLT: Spondylolisthesis, HLD: Herniated lumbar disc 유합술이나후방유합술보다는생역학적으로합리적인방법으로인정되고있으며, 추체높이의회복이나분절간전만도회복에서도좋은결과를보이고있으며, 이식골의양이적어국소골을이용할수있어공여부의합병증을피할수있다는장점도있어, 퇴행성요추부질환의치료에효과적인수술방법으로이용되고있다. 기기술및골이식재료의발전에힘입어유합율및임상적결과또한향상되었으나, 여러가지합병증및그에따른문제점들이보고가되고있다. 그중에서최근많은주목을받고있는것이인접분절질환인데, 이는유합술후상하인접분절에비정상적인부하가집중되고가동성이증가하여발생하는것으로설명하고있지만, 아직까지는정상적인퇴행성변화의일부분인지, 유합술에의한것인지명확하지는않다. 또한인접분접질환이단순한방사선학적변화인지, 아니면임상결과를평가함에있어불량한결과의지표인지에관한정확한해석은없다. 이에저자들은퇴행성요추부질환에서 PEEK(polyetheretherketone) 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술후에최소 3년이상중기추시결과를통해유합범위에따른치료결과를알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 2003 년 3월부터 2006 년 12월까지퇴행성요추부질환에대해후방감압술, 척추경나사못을이용한후방고정술, 자가국소골을충전한 PEEK 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술을시행한 358례중 3년이상추시가가능하였던 260례를대상 ( 추시율 72.6%) 으로, 이중한분절에서수술을시행한 151명을 A군, 이분절에서수술을시행한 91명을 B군, 삼분절에서시행한 18명을 C군으로분류하였다. A군의경우남자가 67명, 여자가 84명, 평균연령은 세였고, 평균추시기간은 46.2 개월이었다. B군 의경우남자가 38명, 여자가 53명, 평균연령은 세였고, 평균추시기간은 44.5 개월이었다. C군은남자 7명, 여자 11명, 평균연령은 세였고, 평균추시기간은 47.2 개월이었다. 전체적인질환별분포는척추관협착증 181예, 척추전방전위증 32 예, 추간판탈출증 19예, 척추관협착증과척추전방전위증이동반된경우가 28예였다 (Table 1). 각군별로유합분절은 A군에서는 L4-5가 93예 (61.6%), B 군에서는 L3-4, L4-5 가 57예 (63.2%), C군에서는 L2-3, L3-4, L4-5 가 12예 (66.7%) 의가장많은빈도를보였다. 2. 수술방법복와위에서시술부위위아래로피부절개를가한후척추주변근육을극돌기와추궁판으로부터박리하였고, 후관절외측부위까지골막하박리를하였다. 극돌기와추궁판절제술을통하여충분한신경근의감압을시행하였고, 추간공협착증이나과도한신경근의견인이우려되는경우에는추간공확장술을실시하였다. 충분한공간이확보된후, 추간판을노출시켜디스크집게를이용하여추간판을완전히제거하였으며확공기와골소파기를이용하여연골종판을제거하였다. 척추경나사못을삽입한이후, 감압술과정에서얻어진추궁판, 극돌기, 관절돌기를 1~2mm 크기의조각골로만들어추간내확보된공간에일부삽입하였고, 조각골이채워진 PEEK cage 를삽입하였다. 1, 2 분절유합술의경우전례에서국소골로충전이되었으며, 3분절의경우 18례중 6례에서국소골이부족하여 demimeralized bone matrix (DBM) 을충전물질로사용하였다. 케이지의위치를확인한후, 척추경나사못과금속봉을다시적당한압박을가하여추체간격을좁히고금속봉에고정하였다. 수술후에는단순방사선사진을통해수술방내에서케이지의정확한위치를다시확인하였다. 3. 연구방법입원및외래병력지, 외래추시중환자설문조사, 수술기록지등을후향적으로분석하였다. 방사선검사는단순요천추부전후, 측면, 굴곡, 신전촬영을시행하였고, 방사선학적평가는수술전, 수술직후, 수술후 1년, 2년, 3년이후 1년마다추시하였다. 방사선학적평가는골유합과요추전만도의변화, 분절간전만도, 인접분절의변화를분석하였다. 이식골유합의판정은 Brantigan 분류 1,2) 를이용하여완전유합, 불완전유합, 불유합으로분류하였다. 완전유합은유합부위에성숙된골소주의연결이보이고이식골과숙주골사이에간격이없는경우로, 불완전유합은유합부위에골유합소견은보이나약간의간격이나음영감소가보일경우, 불유합은유합부위에큰간격이나이식골의흡수소견이보일때로정하였다. 이중에서완전유합과 231
4 Kyung-Jin Song et al Volume 18 Number 4 December 2011 Table 2. Changes of disc height, Lumbar lordosis, segmental lordosis, visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) Group Preop Postop Postop 1 Postop 2 years years Last FU p-value (Preop vs. Last FU) Disc height (mm) A 9.12± ± ± ± ± P-value between groups 0.37 B 11.39± ± ± ± ± C 10.26± ± ± ± ± Lumbar lordosis A 36.32± ± ± ± ± P-value between groups 0.42 B 31.58± ± ± ± ± C 33.49± ± ± ± ± Segmental lordosis A 10.27± ± ± ± ± P-value between groups 0.55 B 19.76± ± ± ± ± C 25.48± ± ± ± ± VAS A 7.62± ± ± ± ± P-value between groups 0.24 B 6.83± ± ± ± ± C 7.17± ± ± ± ± ODI A 51.5±10.24% 29.4±8.25% 20.5±7.62% 18.2±8.05% 17.6±8.56% 0.03 P-value between groups 0.17 B 59.8±9.37% 32.8±8.14% 19.8±8.49% 16.9±6.36% 15.4±5.46% C 67.3±12.83% 39.3±10.26% 30.8±9.48% 27.8±8.41% 24.7±7.46% Table 3. Complications and revision surgery A (n=151) B (n=91) C (n=18) P-value* Screw loosening Not Available Pseudarthrosis Hematoma Not Available Dural tear Not Available Root injury Not Available Adjacent level degeneration Revision * Fisher s exact test 불완전유합은최종추시상골유합으로판정하였다. 유합의판정은각추시시점의방사선사진을파워포인트를이용하여일련번호를정한후각각에대해 2명의척추전임의과정을마친전문의가 2개월의간격을두고판정하였고, 이에따른관찰자간신뢰도는 kappa 값이 0.82 였으며, 관찰자내신뢰도는 0.89, 0.84 였다. 요추전만도의변화는제 1요추의상단에서제 1천추의상단까지 Cobb 씨방법으로측정하였고, 분절간전만도는유합부위의상부추체의상단과하부추체의하단이만나서이루는 각을측정하였다. 인접분절의변화는단순방사선소견상에서견인골극, 추간판높이의 3mm이상감소, 추체골단판의골경화현상, 추간판내의진공현상을관찰하였다. 추간판의높이는유합분절의추체간전면과후면의값을이등분하여측정하였다. 임상적결과는수술전과수술후 6주, 수술후 1년, 2년, 3년이상최종추시시기의통증에대해 visual analog scale(vas) 을이용하였고, 일상생활기능장애에대해서는 Oswestry disability 232
5 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion index(odi) 을이용하여평가하였다. 수술직후 VAS 을이용한통증정도는통증이전혀없는경우를 0점, 도저히참을수없는통증을 10점으로하여자신에해당하는점수를표시하게하였다. ODI는성생활항목은국내환자에게적용하기곤란하여제외하고 9개의항목 ( 현재통증의정도, 개인위생, 물건들기, 걷기, 앉기, 서있기, 잠자기, 사회활동, 여행 ) 으로평가하였으며, 각항목에는 6개의다른정도의기능장애가기술되어환자가자신에게알맞은설명을선택하도록하였다. 0에서 5점까지점수를주고총점수는각항목의점수를합하여 2를곱한다음백분율로표시하였다. 각각의항목에서가장심한장애를모두합하면 45점으로 100% 의장애가되고, 장애가전혀없다면 0점으로 0% 의장애가있는것이다. 각군간의비교에있어서통계처리는 SPSS version 17.0을사용하였고, 골유합과합병증에대한각군의비교는 Fisher s exact test 를이용하였고, 추간판높이와시상면배열변화및 VAS, ODI의추시기간에따른변화는반복측정분산분석법 (Repeated measured ANOVA test) 을이용하여 p<0.05 인경우통계적으로유의하다고판정하였다. 결과 1. 골유합최종추시에서 A군 151예중완전유합이 140예, 3예는불완전유합소견이보여총 143예 (94.7%) 에서골유합소견을보였고 (Fig.1), B군에서는 91예중완전유합이 82예, 불완전유합이 2예여서총 84예 (92.3%) 에서골유합소견을보였다. C군에서는환자군이적긴하지만, 18예중완전유합이 16예, 불완전유합이 1예로 17예 (94.4%) 에서골유합의결과를보였다. 하지만세군간의통계학적으로의미있는차이를보이지는않았다 (p=0.774, Fisher s exact test). 2. 추간판높이수술전, 수술직후, 수술후 1년, 수술후 2년, 수술후 3년추시에추간판높이는각각순서대로 A군에서는 9.12±2.87 mm, 14.29±3.16 mm, 14.03±2.49mm, 13.13±2.95mm, 12.61± 3.71mm 였고, B군에서는 11.39±3.47 mm, 16.09±2.28 mm, 15.43±2.39mm, 14.09±4.02mm, 14.01±2.96mm 였고, C군에서는 10.26±3.87 mm, 15.01±2.69 mm, 13.73±2.51mm, 13.48±3.27mm, 13.11±2.31mm 였다 (Table 2). 추간판높이는술전에비해최종추시시모두의미있게증가하였지만 (p<0.05, Repeated measured ANOVA test), 세군간의비교에서는의미있는차이를보이지는않았다 (p=0.37, Repeated measured ANOVA test). 3. 요추부전만도및분절간전만도요추부전만도는 A군에서수술전 36.32±12.28 였으며, 수술직후 45.27±10.61, 수술후 3년추시에서 41.86±7.93 로감소하였으나술전에비해잘유지되었다 (p=0.042). B군에서는수술전 31.58±10.15 였으며, 수술직후 40.73±9.64, 수술후 3년추시에서 38.17±8.43 로감소하였으나술전에비해잘유지되었다 (p=0.036). C군에서는수술전 33.49±11.63 였으며, 수술직후 44.73±9.34, 수술후 3년추시에서 39.51± 로감소하였으나술전에비해잘유지되었다 (p=0.045). 분절간전만도에서도 A, B, C 군모두, 수술전에비해수술후의미있게증가되었지만, 세군간의비교에서는의미있는차이를보이지는않았다 (Table 2, p=0.55, Repeated measured ANOVA test). 4. 임상적결과 VAS 로측정한수술전, 수술후 6주, 수술후 1년, 2년, 3년추시에따른통증의변화 (Table 2) 는 A군에서는 7.62±2.03 점, 4.12±1.87 점, 3.15±2.16 점, 3.24±2.01 점, 3.19±1.94 점으로나타났으며 (p=0.031), B군에서는 6.83±2.28 점, 5.37±2.52 점, 4.71±1.97 점, 4.25±2.09 점, 4.51±2.18 점으로 (p=0.039), C군에서는 7.17±2.46 점, 4.72±2.84 점, 4.25±2.16 점, 4.17±2.37 점, 4.63±1.97 점으로나타났다 (p=0.048). 세군모두술전에비해최종추시시 VAS 가의미있게감소하였지만, 세군간의비교에서의미있는차이를보이지는않았다 (p=0.24, Repeated measured ANOVA test). ODI를이용한장애점수 (Table 2) 는 A군에서수술전 51.5± 10.24% 에서수술후 3년추시에서 17.6±8.56% 로회복된소견을보였으며 (p=0.03), B군에서는 59.8±9.37% 에서 15.4± 5.46%(p=0.042), C군에서는 67.3±12.83% 에서 24.7±7.46% 로감소된소견을보였다 (p=0.048). 세군모두술전에비해최종추시시 ODI가의미있게감소하였지만, 세군간의비교에서의미있는차이를보이지는않았다 (p=0.17, Repeated measured ANOVA test). 5. 합병증및재수술합병증은 A군에서수술후감염과이에따른나사못이완이 4예, 불유합 8예, 수술부위혈종이 2예였고, B군의경우수술후감염과이에따른나사못이완이 2예, 불유합 7예, 경막열상 1예, 신경근불완전손상이 1예에서발생하였다. C군의경우술후신경근완전손상이 1예, 불유합이 2예에서관찰되었다 233
6 Kyung-Jin Song et al Volume 18 Number 4 December 2011 Fig. 1. A 69-year-old female presented with back pain, sciatica and neurogenic claudication.(a) Plain lateral radiograph shows degenerative changes on L4-5 lumbar disc space.(b) T2-weighted MRI(sagittal,axial view) shows that dural sac was compressed by extruded disc material and hypertrophied ligamentum flavum on L4-5. (C) Postoperative radiograph shows posterior lumbar interbody fusion with PEEK cage and pedicle screw fixation on L4-5. (D) 3 years after surgery, radiograph shows solid fusion mass on L
7 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Table 3). 불유합은세군간에통계적으로의미없는차이를보였다 (p=0.391, Fisher s exact test). 인접분절퇴행성변화는 A 군 28례, B군 12례, C군 3례로세군간에의미없는차이를보였고 (p=0.547, Fisher s exact test), 이로인한재수술 (Fig.2) 은 A 군 8례, B 군 4례, C 군 1례로각군간의의미없는차이를보였다 (p=1.000, Fisher s exact test). 고찰 요추부질환의치료에있어서후방추체간유합술은퇴행성변화가있는추간판을최대한제거한후골이식을하므로일차적인병소의제거및골유합의용이성, 추체간격의회복, 전방지지의재건으로체중부하지지능력의향상, 신경근및척추관 에대한감압의용이성등의장점으로인해보편적으로시행하는수술법으로받아들여지고있다. 3-10) 후방추체간유합술시사용하는 PEEK 케이지는방사선투과성이좋아자가골충전된케이지의추체간골유합의평가에있어서금속케이지에비해정확성이높고, 케이지의 Young 의계수가추체골의강도와비슷한정도를보여, 추체골사이에케이지의이식시강도차에의한골흡수나추체골의약화발생정도가감소되는장점이있다. 11) 이전연구들에서척추유합술후장기추시시의임상적결과에대하여는대부분이 70~80% 에서만족할만한결과를지속하고있는것으로보고되고있다. 최근 Glaser 등은척추경나사못을이용한척추유합술을시행한환자의 10년이상추시결과보고에서, 환자들의장해정도와기능에대한평가에서초기추시결과보다 10년이상추시에서다소향상되었으며, 환자만족도 Fig. 2. A 61-year-old female presented with back pain and sciatica.(a) Plain lateral radiograph shows degenerative changes and isthmic spondylolisthesis on L4-5 lumbar disc space.(b) T2-weighted MRI(sagittal,axial view) shows spinal stenosis and on L3-4 and L4-5. (C) Postoperative radiograph shows posterior lumbar interbody fusion with PEEK cage and pedicle screw fixation on L3-4 and L4-5. (D,E) 2 years after surgery, radiograph shows adjacent segmental degeneration on L1-2 and L2-3.(F) Revision surgery was performed. 235
8 Kyung-Jin Song et al Volume 18 Number 4 December 2011 는 80% 에달한다고하였다. 12) PEEK 케이지를사용한후방추체간유합술에대한그치료결과에대해서는아직장기간의추시에대한보고가많지않아서최소 3년이상추시가가능하였던환자들을통해중기간추시에따른그결과를알아보고자하였다. 유합율에대해명쾌한수치를제시한논문은적은데이는금속물질의케이지를사용하여서유합을판단하기가쉽지않았기때문인것으로사료된다. 물론, 후방추체간유합및나사못고정을병행한수술의결과에대해 Agazzi 등 13) 은 90% 의골유합율을보고하였고, Brantigan 등 1,2) 은카본케이지와척추경나사못의사용으로 98.9% 의높은골유합율을보고기도하였지만, 실제로척추경나사못을사용하여요추부유합술을시행한환자의장기추시논문들에서유합율은명시하지않은경우가많았으며, 유합율을명시한연구라하더라도신뢰할만한객관적유합평가방법을제시한경우는드물었다 ) 하지만, 본연구에서는이식골유합의판정을 Brantigan 분류를이용하여완전유합, 불완전유함, 불유합의분류를통해추시결과상 A군 94.7%, B 군 92.3%, C군 94.4% 의유합율소견을보여세군모두높은골유합소견을얻을수있었다. 따라서 PEEK 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술의유합율자체는중기간추시에서도상당히우수한것으로판단할수있다. 불유합소견을보인환자들에대해서는경과관찰중이며, 이중재수술을시행한환자는 2명이었으며, A군이 1명, B군이 1명이었다. 하지만이들도불유합자체로인한재수술을시행했다기보다, 함께동반된인접분절의척추관협착증이발생하여, 이로인한증상이지속되었고, 6개월이상의보존적치료에도불구하고증상이지속된경우에한하여재수술을시행하였다. 다른환자들에대해서는경과관찰중이며, 보존적치료시행중이다. 불유합이발생하였다고하더라도이들중기기파손이나해리가있었던경우는감염으로인한경우말고는없었기때문에, 저자들은본연구의대상환자에서유합율자체는위에서언급한바와같이, 상당히우수했던것으로판단하고있다. 추간판높이에서는세군모두에서 1년추시에서보다는 3년추시에서감소된소견관찰되었으나, 수술전보다는증가된소견을보였다. 각군에서모두통계학적으로의의있게증가된소견이었으나, 세군간의비교에서는의의있는차이를보이지는않았다. 요추부전만도및분절간전만도도마찬가지로수술후 1년추시보다는 3년추시상에서감소된소견보였으나, 수술전보다는의의있게증가된소견을관찰할수있었다. Henro 등 18) 은척추관협착증수술후환자의만족도가임상성과를판단하는데매우중요하며그만족도는환자중심의평가방법중의하나인 Oswestry 점수와밀접하게관련되어있다 고하였으며, 최근에는 VAS 와더불어많이사용되고있다. 19) 본연구에서도수술후임상결과를알아보기위해 ODI와 VAS 을조사하였으며, 수술전과비교했을때의의있게감소된소견을보였다. 통증이추시기간에따라호전되는추이는 VAS 와 ODI 가일치한것도확인할수있었다. 결국수술후통증및기능장애는호전됨을알수있었으며, 임상결과가만족스러운것으로판단할수있었다. 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술및척추경나사못고정술은척추후방에서전방척추체를접근하는수술시간이길고, 출혈량이많으며신경손상, 경막파열, 지주막염의발생위험이큰고난도의척추수술이다. 이에대해서는 Agazzi 등 13) 이 8.5% 에선신경손상을보고하였으며, Brantigan 등 1,2) 이내고정기구와관련된합병증 13.5%, 기구와관련없는합병증 10.4% 를보고한것처럼발생비율이높았다. 하지만본연구에서는합병증의발생비율이이전연구들보다는낮은비율을보이고있었다. 하지만제 2-3 요추간의경우척추경간거리가좁기때문에수술중신경근손상의위험성이높아어느정도의주의와수술적경험이필요하다. 이는수술자의수술방법에대한숙련여부도이에영향을줄수있으리라생각되며, 따라서그위험성이다른수술방법에비해더높다고하더라도, 그결과는본연구에서와같이만족스러울수있으므로, 충분히유용한수술술기라고여겨진다. Brantigan 등 20) 은케이지를이용한후방추체간유합술및척추경나사못고정술후 22% 에서인접분절의문제로유합을연장할필요가있었다고하였으며, Christensen 등 21) 은나사못고정술을시행한경우는 14% 에서재수술이필요하다고하였다. 본논문에서는 13예에서재수술을시행하였다. 재수술을시행한환자들모두인접분절에서문제가발생하였고, 이로인한새로운증상의발생및악화가그원인이었다. 이들모두상위분절에서척추관협착증이나추간판탈출증이발생하였다. 이중불유합을보인환자가 2예에서관찰되었다. 인접분절에나타날수있는변화로는전, 후방전위를포함한불안정성, 골극의형성, 추간판간격의협소화, 추간판내석회화, 후관절의퇴행성변화등여러가지가보고되고있으며, 유합술을시행한부위에근접하여추체압박골절도발생할수있다. Rahm 과 Hall 22) 은인접분절의퇴행성변화는고령의환자와추체간유합술을시행한환자에서많이발견되었다고하였고, 최근에는 Brantigan 등 20) 은케이지를이용한추체간유합술후 10년추시결과에서명확한판정기준을제시하지않은문제가있으나, 61% 의환자에서인접분절의변화를보였다고하였다. 본연구에서도, 65세이상고령의환자들에서인접분절의변화가수술후많이진행함을관찰하였다. 그러나인접분절의문제에도불구하고이러 236
9 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 한문제로증상이심하여재수술이필요했던환자는전체환자중 13예에불구하였으며, 그중 2예는불유합소견도동반되어단지인접분절만의문제로만여기기에는힘들다. 따라서이러한결과를가지고, 인접분절의퇴행성변화와임상적결과와의상관관계를정확히알아보기는힘드며, 이에대해서는좀더연구가필요하다. 본연구에서는삼분절에서수술을시행한경우가 18예로다른군에비해증례가상대적으로적어, 장분절에서후방추체간유합술의결과를해석함에있어주의할필요가있다. 따라서이에대한추가적인연구가필요하리라생각한다. 결론 퇴행성요추질환에서 PEEK 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합및나사못을이용한고정술은중기간추시에서각유합분절수에따른치료결과와상관없이우수한임상적결과와골유합을얻을수있어추천될만한수술방법이라고생각한다. REFERENCES 1. Brantigan JW, Steffee AD, Geiger JM. A carbon fiber implant to aid interbody fusion. Mechanical testing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991;16(6 Suppl):S Brantigan JW, Steffee AD, Lewis ML, Quinn LM, Persenaire JM. Lumbar interbody fusion using the Brantigan I/ F cage for posterior lumbar interbody fusion and the variable pedicle screw placement system: two-year results from a Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25: Brodke DS, Dick JC, Kunz DN, McCabe R, Zdeblick TA. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion. A biomechanical comparison, including a new threaded cage. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22: Csécsei GI, Klekner AP, Dobai J, Lajgut A, Sikula J. Posterior interbody fusion using laminectomy bone and transpedicular screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Surg Neurol. 2000;53: Elias WJ, Simmons NE, Kaptain GJ, Chadduck JB, Whitechill R. Complications of posterior lumbar interbody fusion when using a titanium threaded cage device. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(1 Suppl): Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. A meta-analysis of literature Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19(20 Suppl):2256S-65S. 7. Park JT, Shin YS, Yang JH, Seo BG. The fusion rate and clinical effect of PLIF with laminected lamina and spinous process. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 1998;5: Schlegel KF, Pon A. The biomechanics of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;193: Shin BJ, Kim GJ, Ha SS, Chung SH, Kwon H, Kim YI. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion using laminar bone block. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 1999;6: Steffee AD, Sitkowski DJ. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion and plates. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;227: Kim KT, Suk KS, Kim JM. Fusion development of interbody fusion cages. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2001;8: Glaser J, Stanley M, Sayre H, Woody J, Found E, Spratt K. A 10-year follow-up evaluation of lumbar spine fusion with pedicle screw fixation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28: Agazzi S, Reverdin A, May D. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with cages: an independent review of 71 cases. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(2 Suppl): Shin BJ, Lee JJ. Results of decompression and internal fixation for spinal stenosis more than 5 year follow-up. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 1998;2: Brantigan JW, Neidre A, Toohey JS. The lumbar I/F cage for posterior lumbar interbody fusion with the variable screw placement system: 10-year results of a Food and Drug Administration clinical trial. Spine J. 2004;4: Fischgrund JS, Mackay M, Herkowitz HN, Brower R, Montgomery DM Volvo Award winner in clinical studies. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective, randomized study comparing decompressive laminectomy and arthrodesis with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22: Thomsen K, Christensen FB, Eiskjaer SP, Hansen ES, Fruensgaard S, Bunger CE Volvo Award winner in clinical studies. The effect of pedicle screw instrumentation on functional outcome and fusion rates in posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion: a prospective, randomized clinical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22: Herno A, Saari T, Suomalainen O and Airaksinen O. The degree of decompressive relief and its relation to clinical outcome in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24:
10 Kyung-Jin Song et al Volume 18 Number 4 December Cho KJ, Moon KH, Kim MK, et al. Changes of Clinical Outcomes after Decompression and Fusion for Spinal Stenosis during 2-Year Follow-up Periods. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2003;10: Brantigan JW, Neidre A, Toohey JS. The lumbar I/F cage for posterior lumbar interbody fusion with the variable screw placement system: 10-year results of a Food and Drug Administration clinical trial. Spine J. 2004;4: Christensen FB, Hansen ES, Laursen M, Thomsen K, Bunger CE. Long-term functional outcome of pedicle screw instrumentation as a support for posterolateral fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27: Rahm MD, Hall BB. Adjacent-Segment Degeneration After Lumbar Fusion with Instrumentation: A Retrospective Study. J Spinal Disord. 1996;9: 퇴행성하요추부질환에서 PEEK Cage 와척추경나사못고정을통한후방추체간유합술의유용성 - 최소 3 년이상추시결과 - 송경진 이광복 함동훈전북대학교의학전문대학원정형외과학교실 연구계획 : 후향적연구목적 : 하요추부퇴행성질환에서 PEEK cage 와척추경나사못고정으로후방추체간유합술을시행한환자들의 3년이상추시결과에대해알아보고자하였다. 선행문헌의요약 : PEEK cage 를이용한후방추체간유합술의중기추적관찰에대한연구가거의없다. 대상및방법 : 퇴행성요추부질환으로 PEEK cage 을이용한후방추체간유합술및척추경나사못고정술을시행한환자들중추시가능 260명을대상으로하였다. 단분절에만시행한 151명을 A군, 이분절에서시행한 91명을 B군, 삼분절에서시행한 18명을 C군으로분류하였다. 임상적결과판정은수술전후의 Visual analogue scale(vas), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) 평가기준을통해판정하였고, 방사선학적분석을통해골유합, 시상면배열, 추간판간격및인접분절의변화를평가하였다. 또한합병증과재수술여부와원인에대해서분석하였다. 결과 : VAS는수술전과수술후 3년에서 A군 7.62±2.03(5~10) 점에서 3.19±1.94(1~8) 점, B군 6.83±2.28(4~9) 점에서 4.51±2.18(2~9) 점,C군 7.17± 2.46(5~10) 점에서 4.63±1.97(1~9) 점으로감소되었으며, ODI에서는 3년추시에서 A군 17.6±8.56%, B군 15.4±5.46%,C 군 24.7±7.46% 로감소된소견을확인하였다. A군 94.7%, B군 92.3%, C군 94.4% 의골유합소견을보였다. 요추부전만도 (p=0.042(a 군 ), 0.036(B 군 ), 0.045(C 군 )), 분절간전만도 (p=0.036(a 군 ), 0.039(B 군 ), 0.047(C 군 )) 는수술후술전에비해의미있게증가되었고, 최종추시에서도의의있게증가되었다. 재수술은 A, B 군에서만나타났고, 이들모두에서수술후인접분절변화를관찰할수있었지만임상적결과와의연관성을보이지않았다. 결론 : 퇴행성요추질환에서 PEEK 케이지를이용한후방추체간유합및나사못을이용한고정술은중기간추시에서각유합분절수에따른치료결과와상관없이우수한임상적결과와골유합을얻을수있어추천될만한수술방법이라고생각한다. 색인단어 : 퇴행성하요추부질환, 후방추체간유합술, 척추경나사못, PEEK 케이지 약칭제목 : 후방추체간유합술의유용성 238
KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of
KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 32323-328, 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Spinal Fusion in
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