Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effecti
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1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Patient with a Single Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis who is on the Operation Schedule Dae Ho Ha, M.D., Dae Moo Shim, M.D., Yu Mi Kim, M.D., Sung Kyun Oh, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.*, Sang Yul Kim, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2014 Sep;21(3): Originally published online September 30, 2014; Korean Society of Spine Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine #7-206, 3rd ST. Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, , Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2014 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Patient with a Single Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis who is on the Operation Schedule Dae Ho Ha, M.D., Dae Moo Shim, M.D., Yu Mi Kim, M.D., Sung Kyun Oh, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.*, Sang Yul Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital Iksan Korea Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine,Kosin University Hospital Korea* Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: We reported the therapeutic usefulness of a selective nerve root block (SNRB) for patients with a single level spinal stenosis. Summary of Literature Review: Selective nerve root block for the radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis have been reported frequently. Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined 44 patients with single-level spinal stenosis, for whom surgical treatment was considered due to the failure of other conservative treatments from January 2005 to January All 44 patients were admitted for surgical decompression. Selective nerve root block was done just before a final decision of surgical procedure; patients with his or her 50 % or more pain reduction could avoid surgery. Results: In fourty-four cases, twenty-seven pateints underwent a surgical operation. Seventeen patients avoided surgical procedures by successful SNRB. As a result of a 3 year follow-up, the VAS score was significantly and continuously low on the operation group (p=0.02~0.03). K-ODI and Roland-Morris Disability scores were low in both groups until 1 year after the operation and SNRB procedure (p=0.026~0.042, p=0.03), but there was no statistically significant difference beteween the two groups after 2 years upon followup (p=0.072~0.14, p=0.06). Generally, the operation group had good results until 1 year after operation and had better tendency for improvement. The data displayed a high probability of surgical treatment among the patients with foraminal stenosis (p=0.039) highlight this sentence says there is no difference after 1 year and there is still no difference after 2 years. If this is true, the sentence needs to be rewritten so that it says both times show no difference. If there is a difference between 1 year and 2 year then the sentence needs to be rewritten to make this more clear. The next sentence seems to say they are different. Conclusions: Selective nerve root block avoided the surgical intervention in 39% of the patients with the spinal stenosis refractory to the conservative treatment. Thus it is one of options for the refractory spinal stenosis. Key Words: Spinal stenosis, Root block, Foraminal stenosis 서론 척추관협착증은추간판탈출증과함께하지방사통을동반한요천추신경근증을유발하는대표적인질환으로이에대한진단및치료에선택적신경근차단술이시행되고있다. 선택적신경근차단술은 1971 년 MacNab 1) 에의해처음소개된후요추병변으로인한방사통을호전시키며, 다발성병변의치료방법이나수술부위의결정및술후결과의예측에도움을주는것으로보고되고있다. 2-6) 아직까지선택적신경근차단술의단기적, 또 Received: June 18, 2013 Revised: June 24, 2013 Accepted: August 11, 2014 Published Online: September 30, 2014 Corresponding author: Yu Mi Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 1142 Sanbon-dong, Gunpo, Gyeonggi-do, Korea TEL: , FAX: castkim@daum.net This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. * 이논문은 2013 학년도원광대학교의교비지원에의해서수행됨. Copyright 2014 Korean Society of Spine Surgery 109
3 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 는장기적효과에대해논란의여지가있지만하지방사통을동반한급, 만성요통환자의보존적치료의한방법으로좋은결과들이보고되고있다. 7-10) 기존의보고들은척추전방전위증, 추간판탈출증, 협착증등다양한질환을대상으로분석하여방사통에대한신경근차단술의효과에초점을맞추어왔다. 11) 또한수술이예정된협착증에서신경근차단술의효과를보고한논문 1예 12) 가있었으나, 단분절과다분절모두를대상으로하였고, 마취나수술의위험성이높은환자를대상으로하였기에협착증고유의병리현상에신경근차단술이얼마나효과가있는지에대한판단이어려울것으로사료되었다. 이에저자들은수술이예정된단분절의척추관협착증환자에있어서수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행하여그효과및수술의필요성을감소시킬수있는가에대해연구하였다. 대상및방법 연구대상 2005 년 1월부터 2010 년 1월까지 5년동안본원에서단분절척추관협착증으로진단받고수술적치료의적응증에부합된환자중최소 2년이상추시가가능했던환자 44명을대상으로후향적인평가를하였다. 수술적치료의적응증이란증상및방사선소견을통해단분절척추관협착증으로진단받은환자중방사선소견과임상증상이일치하며, 2~3개월간의물리치료, 약물치료등보존적치료에반응을하지않아지속적인통증이나불편감을호소하는경우로결정하였다. 이중에외상이나마미증후군, 진행성의신경마비증상이나운동손실을보이는경우, 감염의가능성이보이거나스테로이드에과민한반응을보이는경우, 환자가신경근차단술을원치않고바로수술한경우나, 척추전방전위증, 척추분리증, 분절불안정성, 추간판탈출증이동반한경우, 기존요추부수술력이있는경우를제외하였다. 또한최종추시시타병원에서선택적신경근차단술을시행받은경우나한방치료를병행한경우와같이결과에영향을줄수있는경우도제외하였다. 남자가 9예, 여자가 35예이었으며, 평균연령은 64.1(40~79) 세였고, 60대이상이 31예 (70.5%) 로가장많았으며, 다음으로 50대가 7예 (15.9%), 40대가 6예 (13.6%) 였다. 신경근차단술은입원치료를기본으로하였으며, 일주일에 3 회까지시행였으며, 13, 14) 증상호전이 50% 이상일경우수술적치료를권하지않았으며, 4회의차단술후에도증상호전이없거나만족을못하는경우, 호전이되었으나퇴원하여재발한경우에수술적치료를시행하였다. 증상발현후신경근차단술까지의기간은평균 5.2(2-73) 개월이었으며, 평균추시기간은 34.6(15-74) 개월이었다. 증상및방사선적분류초진시호소하였던증상에따라요통및엉치통증, 하지방사통, 감각저하및저린감, 하지무력감, 파행으로분류하였다. 대부분의환자 (40예, 90.4%) 에서하지방사통을호소하였으며, 요통및엉치통증을동반한경우가 38예 (86.3%) 로두번째로빈도가많은주증상이었으며, 감각저하및저린감 10예, 하지무력감 5예, 파행 2예로주증상을호소하였다. 입원시시행한자기공명영상검사소견에따라주된병변부위를중심성척수관협착증과외측함요부협착, 추간공협착으로분류하였다. 중심성협착증이주된병변인경우가 9예, 외측함요부협착이주된병변인경우가 27예, 추간공협착이주된병변인경우가 8예였다. 시술방법선택적척추신경근차단술을시행하기전에환자의과거력및현재의병력을문진하고, 하지방사통, 감각이상및파행등의주관적증상과, 하지직거상검사, Lasegue a 검사, 활줄 (bowstring) 검사, 감각, 근력및건반사등의이학적검사를통해병변 (b - 의위치및동통의정도를파악하였고, 단순방사선촬영과컴퓨터단층촬영이나자기공명영상촬영등을참고하여병변부위라고생각되는척추신경근에차단술을시행하였다. 한번에한신경근의차단술을시행함을원칙으로하였으나증상이양측에있을때에는양측을동시에시행하기도하였다. 척추신경근차단술은후방도달법을사용하여, 방사선테이블위에환자를복와위로눕게한뒤, 국소마취를시행한후, 방사선투시하에 22 gauge 의척추바늘을사용하여, 요추극돌기의상연으로부터외측방으로약 4 cm 떨어진곳에서척추체의외측면과횡돌기의하연이만나는부위를향하여, 시상면에서미측방향으로 30도에서 45도사이의각도로삽입하였으며, 바늘끝이횡돌기의하연을지나도록하여추간공의입구로삽입하였다. 그러나, 제 1 천골신경근차단의경우는천골의해부학적구조때문에바늘을미측으로약 10도에서 15도사이의각도로제 1 천골공을향하여서서히삽입하여제 1 천골신경에도달하게한다. 바늘끝이신경근을자극하면환자는특징적으로하지에예리한방사통이나저린감을호소하게되는데, 이때약 0.5 ml의수용성조영제 (telebrix) 를주입하여신경근의주행을확인한후 0.5 ml의덱사메타죤과 0.5 ml의리도케인을혼합하여주입하였다. 차단술후결과판정모든환자는입원상태에서수술준비과정중에신경근차단술을시행받았고시술후약 3시간의침상안정과이상유무를 110
4 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 확인한후에환자와의면담을통해통증의감소의정도를기록 하였다. 통증의감소정도는 VAS (Visual analogue scale) 점수를 이용하여, 환자가전혀통증을느끼지못하는경우를 0 점, 참을 수없는통증을느끼는경우를 10 점으로측정자의눈금을환자 가스스로표시하여정량화하였다. 초기통증의정도를 100% 로고정하여신경근차단술후정 기적인추시와최종추시의통증의감소정도를평가하였으며, 50% 이하의통증감소를의미가있는것으로판정하였다. 하부 요추부기능적평가는한국어판 Oswestry Disability Idex, Low back outcome score (K-ODI), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (LBOS) 를이용하였다. K-ODI 와 LBOS 는추시관찰 중외래에서검사하는것을원칙으로하였고, RMDQ 는전화면 담을통해조사하였다. 추시관찰은퇴원후 1 개월, 6 개월, 1 년, 2 년, 3 년에시행하였 으며, 외래면담을원칙으로하였고, 불가능한경우는전화설문 을통해시행하였다. 추시중증상호전이없었던환자는수술적 치료를시행하였다. 수술을시행한군에서도퇴원후 1 개월, 6 개 월, 1 년, 2 년, 3 년에외래상담이나전화상담을시행하였다. 신경 근차단술을시행한환자와수술적치료를받은환자군을나누 어두그룹사이의나이분포, 성별분포를비교하였고 (Table 1), Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the SNRB Group and the Surgery Group Surgery due to failure to SNRB SNRB alone Patient number Recurrent after improve 24 without any effect 3 Mean age(years) Male 6 3 Female Unemployed Part Time Job 6 5 Full time Job 8 1 BMI(Kg/m 2 ) F/U Duration(month) 5.13(1-72) 8.34(3-36) Level L2/3 0 2 L3/4 3 1 L4/ L5/S1 3 8 각그룹사이연령이나성별, 비만도, 이환기간에유의한차이를 보이지않았다. 임상적결과는 VAS Score, K-ODI, Low Back Outcome Score, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnarie 의평 균값을독립표본 t- 검증법을이용하여두군간비교분석하였고 병변부위분석은카이제곱검정을시행하였다. 결과 신경근차단술의시행경과 최종추시시수술예정환자 44 예중 27 예 (61.4%) 가본원및 타병원에서수술적치료를시행하였으며, 17 예 (38.6%) 에서는 수술적치료를시행하지않았다. 수술을시행한 27 예중 3 예에 서차단술도중 ( 입원 7 일이내 ) 증상호전이없어수술을시행하 였고, 24 예는차단술후증상호전있어퇴원하였다가, 증상이재 발하여수술적치료를시행하였다. 차단술도중수술적치료를 받은환자는 46 세환자분과 54 세의환자였다. 24 예중 19 예에서 본원에서수술적치료를시행하였으며, 퇴원후증상이재발하 기까지의평균기간은 10.3 일 (7~60) 이었으며, 차단술후퇴원 일부터수술까지평균기간은 18.7 일 (13-70) 이었다. 60 대이상 의환자 31 예중 20 예 (64.5%) 에서수술을시행하였고, 50 대환 자 (50~59 세 ) 7 예중 5 예 (58.8%) 에서수술을시행하였으며, 40 대 환자 (45~49 세 ) 6 예중 2 예 (33.3%) 에서수술을시행하였다. 이환 기간이 6 개월이내인 26 예중 15 예 (57.6%), 6 개월이상인 18 예 중 11 예 (61.1%) 에서수술적치료를시행하였다. 이환기간에따 른수술적치료여부는임상적의의가없었다 (p>0.05). 방사통이주증상이었던환자중수술적치료를받은경우는 25 예 (62%) 이며, 요통및엉치통증의경우 25 예 (65%) 였으며, 감 각저하나저린감 6(60%) 예, 하지무력감 3 예 (60%), 파행 2 예 (100%) 였다. 거의대부분이분류중 2 개이상의증상을가지고 있었으며, 증상에따른수술적치료의상관성은없었다. 자기공명영상에서중심부협착증이주된병변으로분류된 환자중수술을시행한환자는 4 예 (44.4%) 였으며, 외측함요부 협착이주된병변인환자의경우 15 예 (55.6%), 추간공협착이 Table 2. Anatomical location of stenosis with relation to the method of treatment Method of treatment Anatomical location of stenosis central lateral foraminal total SNRB OP Total p=
5 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 Table 3. Changes of VAS Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group VAS score* OP group Non-OP group preop 8.1± ± postop 1mon 2.7± ± postop 6mon 2.4±2 5.3± postop 1year 4.2± ± postop 2 year 4.5± ± postop 3 year 4.2± ± *: Visual Analog Scale. Table 5. Changes of Low Back Outcome Score Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group Low Back Outcome score OP group Non-OP group preop 27.3± ± postop 1mon ± postop 6mon postop 1year postop 2 year 42.6± ± postop 3 year 40.7± ± Table 4. Changes of ODI Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group ODI score* OP group Non-OP group preop 42.5± ± postop 1mon 25.3± ± postop 6mon 26.6± ± postop 1year 30.2± ± postop 2 year 31.5± ± postop 3 year 33.4± ± *: Oswestry Disability Idex 주된병변인경우 8예 (100%) 에서수술을시행받았다. 중심부나외측함요부협착에비해추간공협착이주병변인경우신경근차단술의효과가적어전예에서수술적치료를시행하였다 (Table 2). 통증및기능적평가 VAS score 는수술을시행하지않은군에서평균 7.5±0.8 에서추시 1개월은 4.8±2, 추시 6개월은 5.3±1.8, 추시 1년은 6.7 ±0.8, 추시 2년은 6.5±0.7, 추시 3년은 6.6±0.8 으로향상되었다 (Table 3). 수술한군에서수술전평균 8.1±0.5 에서추시 1개월 2.7±1.2, 추시 6개월 2.4±2, 추시 1년 4.2±1.1 추시 2년 4.5 ±0.9, 추시 3년 4.2±0.6 점으로향상된결과를보여수술군이수술을시행하지않은군보다 3년간의추시에서유의한동통의감소효과를보였다 (p<0.05). K-ODI 또한술후 1개월에차단술군에서약 11.8%, 수술적치료군에서는약 40% 의호전소견을보여수술군에서유의한증상호전이있었다. 수술 1년까지는이러한현상이확인되었다, 그러나술후 2년이후에는수술군에서다소양호한경향이있었 Table 6. Changes of Score of Roland- Morris Disability Questionnaire Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group 으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다. 술후 3 년에서는차단 술군에서 36.7±3.4 이며, 수술적치료군에서 33.4±4.2 로두군 사이에유의한차이가없었다 (Table 4). Low Back Outcome Score 상에서차단술군에서시행전 27.1 ±2.6 에서 1 개월, 6 개월상에서 37.3±1.2, 36.4±1.5 로호전되 었다. 그이후에도수술군에서차단술군에비해양호하게호 전되는경향은있었으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다 (p>0.05)(table 5). Roland-Morris Disability Qustionnaire 를이용한설문결과, 술후 1 년에수술군은 23.4 점에서 9.8 점, 차단술군에서도 22.3 점에서 15.5 점으로호전되었으며, 수술군에서저명하게감소 되었다 (p=0.03). 술후 2,3 년에는차단술군에비해수술군에서 양호한경향이있었으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다 (p=0.06)(table 6). 고찰 R.M Disability Ques. OP group Non-OP group preop PostOP 1year PostOP 2year PostOP 3year *: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. 노인인구의증가에따라신경의압박으로인해요통및파행, 하지방사통을호소하는척추관협착증환자가증가하고있다. Johnsson 등 15) 은협착증환자에서 4 년간자연경과를관찰한결 112
6 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 과 70% 환자에서증상의변화가없었으며 15% 에서는증상의호전을보였고, 15% 환자에서증상이악화되었다고보고하여이에대해보존적치료의필요성이대두되었다. 척추관협착증에서보존적치료의적응증은아직까지정확하게규정되어있지않으며대부분에서증상이경하거나중등도인경우, 전신상태가불량하여수술이불가능한경우, 수술을거부하는경우에보존적치료를시행하고있다. Macnab 1) 이선택적신경근차단술을소개한이후많은저자들에의해진단및치료목적으로신경근차단술의유용성이보고되고있다. 16, 17) Reiw등 18) 은하지방사통으로수술적치료가필요했던 55명의환자를대상으로선택적신경근차단술을시행하여 29명 (52.7%) 에서수술을피할수있다고보고하였고, Arnhoff 등 19) 은이전에수술을받았던환자나다른치료방법으로반응이없는만성요통화자의대부분에서신경근차단술의결과가양호한것으로보고하였다. 추간판탈출증과는달리척추관협착증은골극의형성, 황색인대의비후, 후관절의비후척추전방전위증등기존병리가저절로호전될가능성이적다. 그래서시술후장기적결과가순수한추간판탈출증에서보다좋지않을가능성이높다는보고가있으며, 20) Ng 등 21) 은단분절신경이상을가지는추간판탈출증 55예와척추관협착증 62예를통한비교에서 VAS 점수는추간판탈출증에서보다좋은결과를보였으나통계학적인차이는없었다고하였다. 본저자는 2008 년수술예정환자에서의요추수술예정환자를대상으로한신경근차단술효과에대해보고하였는데, 11) 척추관협착증의환자군에서수술적치료보다는신경근차단술만을시행한경우가많았으며, 그와비교해추간판탈출증의환자에서는차단술에비해수술적치료가더많았음을볼수있다. 그러나아직수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자만을대상으로선택적신경근차단술의임상적효과및수술이필요한환자에서수술의필요성을감소시킬수있는지에대한연구는부족한실정이다. 국내에서는이등 12) 이수술적치료가필요한척추관협착증에서선택적신경근차단술의치료효과를보고하기는하였으나, 다분절협착증도포함하였고, 마취및수술의위험성이높아수술을하지못하는환자를대상으로하여본연구와는차이점이있다. 척추협착증환자에대해입원치료를시행과동시에신경근차단술을시행함으로서, 증상의원인이되는협착부위를확인하였다. 원인부위를확인후증상의유의한호전이없을경우수술적치료를시행하는것을원칙으로하였으나, 환자가수술적치료를원치않거나, 수술을시행하지못하는사회, 경제적상황일경우차단술및보존적치료 ( 약물, 물리치료, 운동치료 ) 를시행하였다. Laban 등 22) 에의하면젊은환자에서척추관협착증의발생율은약 9.6% 정도의발병률이있으며, 나이에따라성비가변화될수있음을발표하였다. 고령의환자에서는여자의비율이높지만젊은환자군에서는남자의비율도여자와비슷하다고하였다. 본연구에서 50대미만의환자수가 13% 정도로높은편이며, 이들에게시행한선택적신경근차단술후비교적증상이재발하는빈도가적은것으로사료되었다. 본연구결과 44명의환자중 17명의환자는수술적치료를피할수있었다. 하지만선택적신경근차단술을받은대부분의환자가추시중약물치료및물리치료를병행하고있었다. 따라서이러한결과가선택적신경근차단술만에의한결과로평가하기엔한계가있을것이다. 또한치료에대한평가가대부분환자의주관적인만족도평가에치우쳐있기때문에수술적치료와신경근차단술비교시장기추시상통증감소에있어서는유의한차이를보여수술적치료가우수한결과를보인반면, 기능적지표에대한효과는수술과신경차단술간의유의한차이를보이지않았다. 결론 첫째, 수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자에서수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행하여 17예 (38.6%) 에서수술적치료를시행하지않았으며, 수술을시행한 27예의환자중 24예 (54.5%) 에서차단술시행후증상호전이있어퇴원하였다가추후재발하여수술적치료를시행하였다. 단기적으로약 93% 에서증상호전이있으며, 38% 에서는장기적으로도수술을피할수있었다. 둘째, 자기공명영상검사상, 추간공협착이주된병변인 8예중모두에서수술적치료를시행받았다. 추간공협착증이주된병변인경우신경근차단술의효과가적어수술적치료를피할수없었다. 셋째, 수술군과차단술군간의장기추시상의기능적인측면과환자의만족도는경계적유의성만을보였으나, 통증의경감정도는장기추시상에서수술적치료군에서더유의한효과가있었다. REFERENCES 1. MacNab I. Negative disc exploration An analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 1971;53: Dooley J, McBroom R, Taguchi T, Macnab I. Nerve 113
7 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 root infiltration in the diagnosis of radicular pain. Spine. 1988;13: Green L. Dexamethasone in the management of symptoms due to herniated lumbar disc. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1975;38: Herron LD. Selective nerve root block in patient selection for lumbar surgery: surgical results. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques. 1989;2: Howe J, Frymoyer JW. The effects of questionnaire design on the determination of end results in lumbar spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1985;10: Lindahl O, Rexed B. Histologic changes in spinal nerve roots of operated cases of sciatica. Acta orthopaedica. 1951;20: Berman AT, Garbarino Jr JL, Fisher SM, Bosacco SJ. The effects of epidural injection of local anesthetics and corticosteroids on patients with lumbosciatic pain. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1984;188: BROWN FW. Management of diskogenic pain using epidural and intrathecal steroids. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1977;129: Crock H. Normal and pathological anatomy of the lumbar spinal nerve root canals. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery- British Volume. 1981;63: Delaney TJ, Rowlingson JC, Carron H, Butler A. Epidural steroid effects on nerves and meninges. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1980;59: Shim DM, Park JY, Yang JH, Choi BS. Effectiveness of selective nerve root block on the need for surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 2008;43: Lee KH, Chung CW, Moon CW, Yoo JM, Choi JK, Kim YS. Selective Spinal Nerve Block for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis that indicated Operation. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 2005;40: Huston CW, Slipman CW, Garvin C. Complications and side effects of cervical and lumbosacral selective nerve root injections. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005;86: Abdi S, Datta S, Lucas LF. Role of epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Pain physician. 2005;8: Johnsson KE, Rosén I, Udén A. The natural course of lumbar spinal stenosis. Acta orthopaedica. 1993;64: Kikuchi S, Hasue M, Nishiyama K, Ito T. Anatomic and clinical studies of radicular symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984;9: Tajima T, Furukawa K, Kuramochi E. Selective lumbosacral radiculography and block. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1980;5: RiewKD, Yin Y, Gilula L, et al. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, controlled, doubleblind study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82: Arnhoff FN, Triplett HB, Pokorney B. Follow-up status of patients treated with nerve blocks for low-back pain. Anesthesiology. 1977;46: Hong YG, Sa SJ, Kim JD. Selective spinal nerve root block for the treatment of sciatica. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 1997;32: Ng LCL, Sell P. Outcomes of a prospective cohort study on peri-radicular infiltration for radicular pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. European Spine Journal. 2004;13: LaBan MM, Imas A. Young Lumbar Spinal Stenotic: Review of 268 Patients Younger Than 51 Years. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2003;82:
8 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 수술이예정된단분절요추척추관협착증환자에서선택적신경근차단술의유용성 하대호 심대무 김유미 오성균 김창수 * 김상열원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 고신대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 * 연구계획 : 후향적연구목적 : 단분절척추관협착증환자에서있어수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행한후유용성에대해알아보고자하였다. 선행문헌의요약 : 지금까지선택적신경차단술의척추전방전위증, 척추관협착증및추간판탈출증등에의한방사통에대한유용성에대한다양한보고가있어왔다. 그러나적극적인보존적처치에도불구하고반응하지않아수술적감압을고려해야하는환자에서차단술의효과에대한보고는드물다. 대상및방법 : 2005 년 1월이후최소 2~3개월이상의보존적처치에도불구하고통증이호전되지않아입원하여수술을계획하여입원중에일차적으로선택적신경차단술을시행하였던자들을연구대상으로하였다. 이중최소 2년이상추적이가능하였던 44예를후향적으로분석하였다. 임상적평가는술전, 시술직후, 술후 1, 2, 3년에외래추시및전화면담을통해시행하였다. 통증의정도는 VAS를, 기능적평가는한국어판 Oswestry Disbility Inedx, Low Back Outcome Score 및 Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire 이용하였다. 결과 : 총 44예중 27예는수술적치료를받았고 17예는성공적차단술에의해수술적치료를피할수있었다. 3년간의추적결과, 통증의정도 (VAS) 점수는수술군에서모든시기에통계적으로유의하게감소되었다 (p=0.02~0.03). K-ODI, Roland-Morris Disability 점수는수술이나시술시행 1년까지는유의하게감소되었으나 (P=0.026~0.042, P=0.03), 2년후에는수술군과보존적치료간에통계적으로명확한유의성은없었다 (P=0.072~0.14, P=0.06). 즉, 전체적으로수술후 1년내에수술군이우수하였고, 1년이후에도나은경향은있었지만통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다. 그리고추간공협착증환자에서수술적치료를받을확률이높았다 (P=0.039). 결론 : 수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자중 39% 의환자에서통증감소와임상적결과에호전이있어수술전에시도해볼만한방법이다. 색인단어 : 척추관협착증, 신경근차단술, 추간공협착 약칭제목 : 선택적신경근차단술의유용성 115
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