Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis and Related Factors in Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Disease E

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1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis and Related Factors in Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Disease Eung-Ha Kim, M.D., Jung-Moo Seo, M.D., Joong-Hyeon Ahn, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2015 Dec;22(4): Originally published online December 31, 2015; Korean Society of Spine Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Spine Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eunju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2015 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Dec;22(4): Restoration of Segmental Lordosis and Related Factors in Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Disease Eung-Ha Kim, M.D., Jung-Moo Seo, M.D., Joong-Hyeon Ahn, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: To analyze restoration of segmental lordosis and factors related to interbody fusion and the fusion rate with degenerative lumbar disease. Summary of Literature Review: Few studies have addressed the restoration of segmental lordosis and factors related to interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar disease. Materials and Methods: Records of 43 patients treated by anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery from 2011 to 2013 were reviewed. ALIF used a metal cage with a 10 lordotic angle and PLIF used a metal cage with an 8 lordotic angle. Preoperative, postoperative, and at least 1 year outcomes were analyzed from radiographs. As a related factor, segmental flexibility, disc height, osteophytes, vaccuum disc, hypertrophic facet, spondylolisthesis, and endplate violation were analyzed. We also analyzed the bony union rate. Results: The segmental lordotic angle was 4.67 before surgery, improved to after surgery, and was 9.32 at the final follow-up. Comparing between the ALIF and PLIF at the L3-4 level in a similar number of patients revealed 7.24 and 4.61 restoration after ALIF and PLIF surgery, postoperatively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.011). Segmental flexibility had a statistically significant positive correlation (p=0.013). Lower disc height and osteophytes limited restoration of segmental lordosis, but vaccuum disc was restored well after interbody fusion. Bony union was achieved in 92.8% of the cases. Conclusions: Intebody fusion, especially ALIF surgery, results in acceptable restoration of segmental lordosis. Even with narrowed disc space or osteophytes, remained segmental flexibility is an important factor of segmental lordosis restoration. Key Words: Degenerative lumbar disease, Interbody fusion, Segmental lordosis, Segmental flexibility, Fusion rate 서론 척추의정상적인기능을위해서시상면에서척추의정상만곡을유지하는것이중요하다. 이는척추근육의효율성을증대시키고시상면상균형유지를위한근육의피로도를감소시키고 1) 각척추체를시상면상에정위치시킴으로써추간판이나후관절에비정상적인하중이가해지는것을방지하여퇴행성변화를막는다. 2) 추간판의퇴행성변화가요부전만감소의주된요인중의하나로, 추간판간격을해부학적으로복원하여정상전만을회복시켜야된다고생각된다. 요추전만각이감소된상태로유합되면편평배부증후군 (flatback syndrome) 을일으켜서시상면불균형을초래한다. 편평배부증후군은척추변형으로 Harrington 신연기기술을시행한환자에서최초로보고되었지 만, 퇴행성요추질환환자에서도요추전만각이감소하게되면 이에의한시상면상의불균형이진행되어발생한다. 추체간유합술시행시전방추체간유합술과후방추체간유 합술을시행할수있으며, 유합술시사용하는 cage 자체에전만 각이있으므로수술후척추시상면정렬에도움을준다. 하지만 Received: August 18, 2015 Revised: August 31, 2015 Accepted: December 16, 2015 Published Online: December 31, 2015 Corresponding author: Eung-Ha Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174 Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, , Korea TEL: , FAX: eungha@gmail.com 170 Copyright 2015 Korean Society of Spine Surgery

3 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis in Interbody Fusion 쐐기형 cage 를사용할시술후 cage 자체의전만각만큼분절전 만각이회복되는가에대해서는이견이있다. 3) 또한분절전만각 복원에 cage 각도가영향을미친다고하였으나, 그외영향을주 는요인에대한분석은부족한상태이다. 요추분절전만각이감 소된상태로유합되면수술직후에는수술하지않은다른추간 판에서과신전에의한보상작용이일어나서시상면불균형까 지는초래되지않지만, 오랜시간이지나면추간판간격이좁아 지면서보상기능이약화되어시상면불균형이발생한다. 4) 시상면불균형시수술후지속적인요통뿐만아니라, 유합후에인 접분절질환의발생도증가시킨다. 또한, 척추의유합상태에서 시상면불균형을치료하기위해서는척추절골술등의재수술이 필요하므로일차수술을시행할때요추전만각을충분히회복 시켜주는것이중요하다. 5) 이에저자들은퇴행성요추질환에서쐐기형 cgae 를이용한 추체간유합술을시행한환자에서분절전만각의복원정도와 이에영향을미치는인자를분석해보고, 유합률및수술관련 합병증을분석해보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 2011 년 5 월부터 2013 년 12 월까지퇴행성요추질환으로 3 분 절이상 cage 를이용한추체간유합술을시행받은 43 명을대상 으로후향적연구를시행하였다. 남자 15 명, 여자 28 명으로평 균연령은 63.8 세 (52-84 세 ) 이었고, 추시기간은 1 년이상이었 다. 이중전방추체간유합술은 48 분절로 26 명 ( 남자 7 명, 여자 19 명 ) 이며평균연령은 63.5 세 (52-84 세 ) 이었다. 후방추체간유 합술은 77 분절로 35 명 ( 남자 11 명, 여자 24 명 ) 이며평균연령은 62 세 (54-82 세 ) 이었다. 전방추체간유합술은측방접근이유리 하고, 출혈이나신경손상등의합병증발생률이낮은상위분절 에서주로시행하였으며, L1-2 7 분절, L 분절, L 분 절, L4-5 2 분절이었다. 후방추체간유합술은추간공이좁아직 접신경감압이필요하고, 후관절및추궁판제거후압박및기 기고정이정상전만복원에유리할것으로판단되는하위분절 에주로시행하였으며, L2-3 3 분절, L 분절, L 분절, L5-S1 26 분절이었다. 술전진단으로는다발성척추관협착증 14 례, 인접분절질환 7 예, 외상성후만증 3 예, 가관절증 8 예, 요 추퇴행성후반증 11 예였다 (Table 1). 2. 수술방법 모든수술은한명의숙련된척추전문의에의해서시행되었 다. 전방추체간유합술은환자를측와위로눕히고, 영상증폭장 치를이용하여수술대상척추체의경계를표시한후에, 환자체 간의좌측으로수술분절에걸쳐 5-7 cm 절개를가했다. 후복막공간을통해접근하여척추체에도달한후에추간판주위의골극을제거한다음추간판과척추체의연골종판을제거하였다. 이때전방부섬유륜을충분히유리하였으며, 반대측골극존재시추간판확공기를이용하여파쇄하였다. 준비된추체간공간에동종골을채운전만각 10 인금속케이지 (SynCage R ) 를삽입한후에빈공간에추가로동종골과골대체제를이식하였다. 이 Table 1. Dermographic Characters of 43 Patients and 125 Levels Number of patients Sex Male 15 (34.8 %) Female 28 (65.2 %) Age < 50 yrs 1 (2.3 %) yrs 10 (23.2 %) yrs 16 (37.2 %) yrs 14 (32.5 %) > 80 yrs 2 (4.6 %) Diagnosis Multi-level spinal stenosis 14 (32.6 %) Adjacent segment degeneration 7 (16.3 %) Traumatic kyphosis 3 (7.0 %) Pseudoarthrosis 8 (18.6 %) Lumbar degenerative kyphosis 11 (25.6 %) Number of levels ALIF level (48) L1-2 7 (14.5 %) L (41.6 %) L (39.5 %) L4-5 2 (4.2 %) PLIF level (77) L2-3 3 (3.8 %) L (20.7 %) L (41.5 %) L5-S1 26 (33.8 %) BMD -2.1 (-4.7~0.6) BMI 24.5(18.3~32.7) 171

4 Eung-Ha Kim et al Volume 22 Number 4 December 2015 후절개부위를봉합한후에환자를복와위로전환하여척추경나사못을삽입하고금속봉을끼운후적당한압박을가하여고정하였다. 후방추체간유합술은환자를복와위로눕히고수술부위위아래로정중앙피부절개를가한후척추주변근육을극돌기와추궁판으로부터박리하였고, 후관절외측부위까지골막하박리하였다. 그런다음, 극돌기와추궁판및후관절을일괄적부분절제하였다. 저자들은추궁판의하방 1/2과극돌기의하방 1/2 및후관절을의료용전동톱을이용하여부분절골후에최종적으로골수정으로절골시켰다. 추궁간인대를소파기로추궁에서박리시킨후후관절관절낭을제거하고, 하관절돌기를포함한절제된추궁을경막과추궁판사이에서박리하면서일괄적제거하였다. 아래분절의상관절돌기를척추경상방부위까지의료용톱과골수정을이용하여자른후작은소파기로골편을들어올려제거하여추간공을감압시키고추간판의외측까지노출하였다. 디스크집게를이용하여추간판을제거하였으며추간판확공기와골소파기를이용하여연골종판을제거하였다. 감압술과정에서얻어진추궁판, 극돌기, 관절돌기를조각골로만들어추간내확보된공간에삽입한후조각골이채워진전만각 8 의금속케이지 (Neo-IC R ) 를삽입하였다. 척추경나사못을삽입하고금속봉을끼워적당한압박을가하여고정하였다. 3. 연구방법환자의정보는본원에서기록된환자정보조사지, 수술기록지, 외래기록지를통해서확인하였다. 방사선결과는 DEJA- VIEW PACS 를사용하였으며, 수술전, 수술후, 수술 1년이후추시시의요추전후면, 측면, 굴곡, 신전및기립상전척추방사선영상을분석하였다. 분절전만각은유합분절의상위추체의하단연골종판과하위추체의상단연골종판을이은선이이루는각도를측정하여분석하였다 (Fig. 1). 분절유연성은신전, 굴곡영상에서분절전만각의차이로측정하였으며, 3도미만은 rigid 로, 3도이상 10도미만은 less mobile 로, 10도이상은 mobile 로분류하였다. 추간판의높이는 distortion-compensated roentgen analysis 6) 방법으로측정하였다. 전후면영상에서견인골극의유무를평가하였으며, 측면영상에서진공추간판여부 를평가하였으며, 후관절비대는 CT 나 MRI 축상면영상을통 해서 Pathria 등 7) 이고안한방법을통해분석하였으며, 유합분 절의술전전방전위증유무, 술후 cage 침강여부를분석하였 다. 이식골유합의판정은 Brantigan 분류 8,9) 를이용하여완전유 합, 불완전유합, 불유합으로분류하였다. 완전유합은유합부 위에성숙된골소주의연결이보이고이식골과숙주골사이에 간격이없는경우로, 불완전유합은유합부위에골유합소견 은보이나약간의간격이나음영감소가보일경우, 불유합은유 합부위에큰간격이나이식골의흡수소견이보일때로정하 였다. 이중에서완전유합과불완전유합은최종추시상골유 합으로판정하였다. 통계적분석시분절각복원의정도는추체 간유합술시사용한 cage 각도이상복원된경우와미만인경 우로나누어검정하였다. 각도의측정은두명의정형외과의사 에의해 1 주간격으로 2 회에걸쳐시행되었으며, 통계적분석 은그평균치를사용하였으며, 측정에대한신뢰도는 interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 를양측임의영향모델 (two way random model) 을이용하여분석하였다. 통계적분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 for Windows (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 프로그램을이용하여 Cochran-Armitage trend test, chi-square test 를실시하였고, p-value 가 0.05 이하시통계적유의성이있 는것으로평가하였다. 결과 각도측정결과에대해산출한급내상관계수 (intraclass corre lation coefficient) 는대부분이 0.8 이상으로확인되어우수 한일치도를보였다 (ICC= ). 일반적으로관찰자내신 뢰도가관찰자간신뢰도보다높았다. 1. 분절전만각, 요추전만각, 제 7 경추수선 전방또는후방추체간유합술을시행한전체 125 분절에서분 A B Fig. 1. The segmental angle is between the lower endplate of the upper vertebra body and upper endplate of the lower vertebra body. (A) preoperative, (B) postoperative. 172

5 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis in Interbody Fusion 절전만각이수술전 4.67 에서수술후 로 5.76 증가하였 고, 최종추시시 9.32 로약 1.1 감소하였다 (Fig. 2). 48 분절에서 시행한전방추체간유합술의분절전만각이수술전 3.78 에서 수술후 로 7.7 증가하였으며, 최종추시시 10.3 로수술 전보다 6.52 증가하였다. 77 분절에서시행한후방추체간유합 술은분절전만각이수술전 5.24 에서수술후 9.79 로 4.55 증 가하였고, 최종추시시 8.66 로수술전보다 3.42 증가하였다. 모집단수가비슷한제 3-4 요추간을비교하였을때전방추체 간유합술은수술전 3.96 에서수술후 11.2 로 7.24 증가하였 으며, 최종추시시 10.5 로수술전에비해 6.54 증가하였다. 후 방추체간유합술은수술전 2.31 에서수술후 6.92 로 4.61 로 Pre Post F/U 9.42 Interbody fusion Preop Postop F/U Interbody fusion 4.67(±2.34) 10.43(±3.59) 9.42(±3.27) Fig. 2. The segmental lordosis angle was well restored after interbody fusion surgery. 교정되었으며, 최종추시시 5.95 로수술전보다 3.64 증가하 였다 (Fig. 3). 이를통해보면전방추체간유합술에서교정이잘 되었으며, 이에대해 p-value 의유의한교정효과차이를 보였습니다. 제 1 요추에서제 1 천추사이의요추전만각은수술 전에 24.3 에서수술후 38.0 로 13.7 교정되었으며, 최종추시 시 33.5 로확인되었다. 또한, 수술전에 6.2 cm( cm) 을 보였던비정상제 7 경추수선이수술후에 3.1 cm( cm) 으로약 3.1 cm 교정결과를보였다 분절유연성, 추간판높이, 골극, 진공추간판 분절유연성과 cage 각도이상의분절전만각회복정도는 ALIF PLIF Pre Post F/U L3-4 Preop Postop F/U ALIF(19) 3.96(±2.98) 11.2(±4.25) 10.7(±3.57) PLIF(15) 2.31(±1.40) 6.92(±3.18) 6.05(±3.04) Fig. 3. The segmental lordosis angle was restored more successfully after ALIF surgery than PLIF surgery at the same L3-4 level. Table 2. Related Factors in Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Disease (125 levels) Variable Poor Reduction (n=52) Well Reduction (n=73) Comparison (p-value) Flexibility, n(%) Rigid (<3º) 24 (46.15) 23 (31.51) a Mobile (3º-10º) 26 (50) 34 (46.58) Hypermobile (>10º) 2 (3.85) 16 (21.92) Disc space narrowing, n(%) Severe (<1/3) 10 (19.23) 11 (15.07) a Moderate (1/3-2/3) 15 (28.85) 30 (41.1) Mild (>2/3) 27 (51.92) 32 (43.84) Claw spur, n(%) (-) 35 (67.31) 52 (71.23) b (+) 17 (32.69) 21 (28.77) Vaccum disc, n(%) (-) 39 (75) 47 (64.38) b a P-value was calculated by Cochran-Armitage trend test. b P-value was calculated by Chi-sqaure test. (+) 13 (25) 26 (35.62) 173

6 Eung-Ha Kim et al Volume 22 Number 4 December 2015 p-value 의유의한상관관계를보였다. 이를통해신전, 굴곡영상에서분절의유연성이클수록추체간유합술시분절전만각이 cage 각도이상으로교정이잘될것으로판단되었다. 추간판이좁아지면분절전만각의교정이잘안되는경향을보였으나유의한상관성은없었다 (p-value 0.368). 골극이있으면교정이잘안되는경향을보였으나유의한상관관계는없었으며 (p-value 0.785), 진공추간판이없는경우보다는있는경우에교정이잘되는경향을보이나이또한유의한상관관계는없었다 (p-value 0.286) (Table 2). 4가지요인에대해서다중회기분석을시행하였을때도분절유연성은분절전만각교정과유의한상관관계를보였고, 추간판의높이와골극, 진공추간판과전만각복원의방향성은유지되고있었다. 특히진공추간판과전만각복원의상관성은다중회기분석에서유의하지는않았지만 (0.05<P<0.1) 더뚜렷한경향을보였다 (Table 3). 후관절비대, 척추전방전위증, 골단판손상은증례가적어분절전만각복원에미치는영향을판단하기어려웠다. 3. 골유합및수술적합병증골유합은 125분절중에 116분절에서이루어진것으로판단되어 92.8% 의높은유합률을보였으며, 전방추체간유합술에서는 93.8%, 후방추체간유합술은 92.2% 를보였다. 수술후인접분절질환 6예 (13.9%), 나사못파쇄 1예 (2.3%), 근위부압박골절 2 예 (4.6%), cage 침하 20예 (16%) 에서발생하였다. 고찰 고령의환자군이늘어나면서퇴행성요추질환의빈도도증가 하여요추체간유합술을시행해야하는경우가늘어나는추세 다. 퇴행성요추질환으로진단받은고령환자군에서요추체간 유합술이감압술만시행한환자군에비해술후합병증의빈도 가높다는보고가있었다. 10) 하지만퇴행성요추부질환의치료 에서전방, 후방추체간유합술은퇴행성변화의일차적인병소 인추간판을직접제거하며추체간높이의회복, 전방지주보강 등의장점으로인해널리시행되고있다 ) 또한혈액순환이풍부한추체간에이식골을위치시켜골유합을증가시키고, 탈출 된추간판에의한신경압박병소를직접제거하게된다. 전방추체간유합술은 1932 년 Capener 14) 가최초로요추부 퇴행성질환의치료방법으로시행하였고, 1944 년에 Lane and Moore 15) 가요추부추간판탈출증환자를전방경복막도달을 통한수핵제거술과함께추체간유합술로치료한바있다. 또한 Harmon 16) 은요추부퇴행성질환 244 예를후복막도달을통한 전방추체간유합술로양호한결과를보고한바있으며, 여러저 자에의해서요추부퇴행성질환에서전방추체간유합술후좋 은임상적결과들이보고되었다. 17,18) 후방추체간유합술은 Steffee 등 19) 이최초로도입하였으며, 금 속판고정술과같이시행하여좋은결과를보고하였으며, 이에 대한연구도많이이루어지고있다. 후방추체간유합술은후방 단일절개로신경감압술과추간판제거및추간판의간격을넓 혀전주의재건을할수있다. 또한, 이식골을삽입하는공간을 비교할때추체간이후외방보다는작으므로적은양의이식골 Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis for Restoration of Segmental Lordosis Variable Univariable Multivariable Crude OR 95% CI p-value Adjusted OR 95% CI p-value Flexibility Rigid 1 1 Mobile 1.36 ( ) ( ) Hypermobile 8.35 ( ) ( ) Disc space narrowing Severe (<1/3) 1 1 Moderate (1/3-2/3) 1.82 ( ) ( ) Mild (>2/3) 1.08 ( ) ( ) Claw spur (-) 1 1 (+) 0.83 ( ) ( ) Vaccum disc (-) 1 1 (+) 1.66 ( ) ( ) 0.09 Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio: CI, confidence interval. 174

7 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis in Interbody Fusion 로도유합을얻을수있기때문에자가장골을채취할필요없이 국소골만으로유합을얻을수있다는장점도있다. 20) 또한운동분절과압박된신경사이의해부학적관계를복원하여효과적인 신경감압술이가능하고, 척추경나사못을고정할때압축력을 적용하면부하공유가되어기구부전을예방할수있다. 요추유합술과관련하여척추의시상면균형의중요성에대한 많은연구가보고되었다. Lazennec 등 21) 은요천추간유합술을시행한환자들을대상으로한연구에서자세를유지하는척추 기립근의부하를줄여주는적절한시상면의균형이척추유합술 의목표가되어야한다고주장하였다. 또한, 척추유합술후합병 증으로발생하는인접분절질환발생률도시상면불균형인환 자에서현저히높아진다. 22) 퇴행성요추질환에서발생하는시상면불균형의주요원인은요추부의전만소실로알려져있다. 노화과정과추간판퇴행에의한추간판높이의소실이요추의 전만각소실을일으키고, 소실된요추의전만각은시상면불균 형의주요한시작점이될수있다. 23) 또한, 요추부의유합술시정상전만각을회복시켜주지못하는것이술후요통의발생과 밀접한관련이있다. 따라서수술시의인성편평배부 (iatrogenic flatback) 를만들지않기위해서여러가지노력을기울여야하 며정상적인요추전만의복원으로인접분절의퇴행성변화를 최소화하기위한노력이필요하다. 본연구에서추체간유합술시분절전만각이수술전 4.67 에 서수술후 로 5.76 증가하여분절전만각복원이잘이 루어졌으며, 전방추체간유합술은접근이유리하고추간공이 넓어간접감압으로신경증상의회복이가능한상위분절에주 로시행하였으며, 48 분절에서시행한전방추체간유합술의분 절전만각이수술전 3.78 에서수술후 로 7.7 증가하였 다. 후방추체간유합술은추간공이좁아직접신경감압이필 요하고, 후관절및추궁판제거후압박및기기고정이정상전 만복원에유리할것으로판단하여하위요추에주로시행하였 으며, 77 분절에서시행한후방추체간유합술은분절전만각이 수술전 5.24 에서수술후 9.79 로 4.55 증가하였다. 모집단수 가비슷한제 3-4 요추간을비교하였을때전방추체간유합술 은수술전 3.96 에서수술후 11.2 로 7.24 증가하였으며, 최종 추시시 10.5 로수술전보다 6.54 증가하였다. 후방추체간유 합술은수술전 2.31 에서수술후 6.92 로 4.61 로교정되었으 며, 최종추시시 5.95 로수술전보다 3.64 증가하였다. 이를통 해보면전방추체간유합술에서교정이잘되었으며, 이에대해 p-value 의유의한교정효과차이를보였습니다. 제 1 요추 에서제 1 천추사이의요추전만각은수술전에 24.3 에서수술 후 38.0 로 13.7 교정되었으며, 최종추시시 33.5 로확인되었 다. 또한, 수술전에 6.2 cm( cm) 을보였던비정상제 7 경추수선이수술후에 3.1 cm( cm) 으로약 3.1 cm 교정 결과를보였다. 이를통해서퇴행성요추질환에서장분절추체간유합술시요추전만각복원및시상면교정이잘이루어지는것으로판단되었다. 전방추체간유합술시수술접근부위에골극존재시제거하였으며, 수술접근부위반대측에골극존재시파쇄하였으며, 추간판을충분히제거한후에전방섬유륜도유리하였으며, cage 를최대한전방부에위치시키기위해노력하였다. 후방추체간유합술시에는추궁판의하방 1/2과극돌기의하방 1/2 및후관절을의료용전동톱과골수정을이용하여일괄적절제하여전만각교정이충분히될수있게하였다. 이로인해서분절전만각복원이잘되었으리라생각된다. 수술직후보다최종추시시요추분절전만각일부의교정소실이발생하였는데이는 Hashimoto 등이언급한경우와같이 cage 의크기가상대적으로작고, cage 주위에이식한골이골유합중에골흡수가일어나며, 24) 수술후체중이부하되면서발생한다고생각된다. 분절전만각복원의관여인자로분절유연성을파악하기위해수술전신전, 굴곡사진에서분절각의차이를측정하였고, 이와수술후분절전만각교정정도의상관성을분석하였는데, 분절유연성이클수록분절전만각교정이잘되었으며, 유의한상관관계 (p-value 0.013) 를보였다. 이를통해수술전에굴곡-신전영상촬영을통해수술후교정정도를예상할수있을것으로생각된다. 분절각의유연성이떨어질수록섬유륜, 전방종인대의구축가능성이커수술후분절전만각교정이잘안되는것으로생각된다. 추간판이좁아지면분절전만각의교정이잘안되는경향을보였으나유의한상관성을보이지는않았고, 골극이있는경우도교정이잘안되는경향을보였으나유의한상관관계는없었다. 진공추간판의경우는교정이잘되는경향을보였으며, 다중회귀분석에서유의성은없었으나 (0.05<P<0.1) 더뚜렷한경향을보였다. 후관절비대, 척추전방전위증, 골단판손상은증례가적어영향을판단하기어려웠다. 본저자들의분석으로는유합분절의전방섬유륜이나전방종인대의구축이심하지않아유연성을보일경우는분절전만각교정을기대할수있으며, 추간판의높이가유지되고있고, 골극이없는경우, 특히, 진공추간판인경우전만각교정의긍정적징후로생각된다. 수술중에골유합률을높이기위해추간판제거시섬유륜과연골단판은최대한제거하였고골성단판은보존하려고노력하였다. 본연구의대상환자에서 92.3% 의환자에서유합이이루어지는만족할만한결과를보였으며전방추체간유합술에서는 93.8%, 후방추체간유합술에서는 92.2% 로비슷한결과를보였다. 수술후인접분절에불안정성에의한통증및협착증등이 6 예 (13.9%) 에서발생하였고, 특히고령환자에서인접분절의문 175

8 Eung-Ha Kim et al Volume 22 Number 4 December 2015 제가많이발생하였다. 나사못파쇄가 1예 (2.3%), 비외상성근위부추체압박골절이 2예 (4.6%), cage 침하가 20예 (16%) 에서발생하였다. Cage 침하는전방추체간유합술의 48예중 13예 (27%), 후방추체간유합술의 77예중 7예 (9%) 로전방추체간유합술에서많이발생하였는데이는상위요추가분절에서축성부하가더많이발생하기때문으로생각된다. 본연구의제한점으로첫째, 후향적연구로시행하여선택치우침 (selection bias) 과정보치우침 (information bias) 발생의가능성이있다는점이다. 둘째, 표본크기가크지않은환자군을대상으로방사선적분석을통해평가가이루어졌다는것이다. 하지만요추전만각의감소는결국시상면불균형으로진행되기때문에장기추시가되면임상결과에도부정적영향을미칠것으로생각하였다. 셋째, 추체간유합술시행시수술관련하여실혈량, 수술시간, 재원일수등을분석하지않은것이제한점으로생각된다. 결론 퇴행성요추질환환자의수술적치료시추체간유합술에서분절전만각복원의좋은결과를얻을수있으며, 10 cage 를사용한전방추체간유합술이 8 cage 를사용한후방추체간유합술보다교정이잘되리라생각된다. 전만각복원에관여하는인자로분절유연성이중요한것으로생각된다. 특히추간판간격이좁고골극을보여도분절운동성을보이면상당예에서전만을복원할수있었다. REFERENCE 1. Lee CS, Kim YT, Kim EG. Clinical study of lumbar degenerative kphosis. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 1997;4: Becker`s L, Bekaert J. The role of lordosis. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991;57(Suppl): Diedrich O, Perlick L, Schmitt O, et al. Radiographic spinal profile changes induced by cage design after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Preliminary report of a study with wedged implants. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26:E Cho KJ, Kim KT, Kim WJ, et al. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in elderly patients with degenerative sagittal imbalance. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38:E Lagrone MO, Bradford DS, Moe JH, et al. Treatment of symptomatic flatback after spinal fu sion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70: Liebensteiner MC, Jesacher G, Thaler M, et al. Restoration and preservation of disc height and segmental lordosis with circumferential lum bar fusion: a retrospective analysis of cage versus bone graft. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2011;24: Pathria M, Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment. Radiology. 1987;164: Brantigan JW, Steffee AD, Geiger JM. A carbon fiber implant to aid interbody fusion. Mechanical testing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991;16(Suppl): Brantigan JW, Steffee AD, Lewis ML, et al. Lumbar interbody fusion using the Brantigan I/F cage for posterior lumbar interbody fusion and the variable pedicle screw placement system: two-year results from a Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25: Deyo RA, Ciol MA, Cherkin DC, et al. Lumbar spinal fusion. A cohort study of complications, reoperations, and resource use in the Medicare population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18: Kim JH, Kim SS, Kim JH, et al. Comparison of monosegment instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion with and without a metal cage in degenerative spine. J Korean Or thop Assoc. 2008;43: Song KJ, Lim YJ, Choi BW, et al. Clinical efficacy of a stand-alone, threaded-titanium fusion cage for single-level degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2008;43: Takahashi H, Suguro T, Yokoyama Y, et al. Effect of cage geometry on sagittal alignment after posterior lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative disc dis ease. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2010;18: Capener N. Spondylolithesis. Br J Surg. 1932;19: Lane JD, Moore ES. Transperitoenal approach to the intervertebral disc in the lumbar area. Ann Surg. 1948; 127: Harmon PH. Anterior excision and vertebral body fusion operation for intervertebral disc syndromes of the lower lumbar spine: Three to five-year results in 244 cases. Clin Orthop. 1963;26: Goldner JL, Urbaniak JR, McCollumn DE. Anterior disc excision and interbody spinal fusion for chronic low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am. 1971;2: Sacks S. Anterior interbody fusion of the lumbar spine. J 176

9 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Segmental Lordosis in Interbody Fusion Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965;47: Stonecipher T, Wright S. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with facet-screw fixation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1989;14: Yoon YH, Cho KJ, Park SR, et al. Pos terior lumbar interbody fusion and unilateral posterolateral fusion with local bone and single cage: comparison with pos terolateral lumbar fusion and autologous iliac bone. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2009;44: Lazennec JY, Ramaré S, Arafati N, et al. Sagittal alignment in lumbosacral fusion: relations between radiological parameters and pain. Eur Spine J. 2000;9: Kumar MN, Baklanov A, Chopin D. Correlation betweensagittal plane changes and adjacent segment degeneration fol lowing lumbar spine fusion. Eur Spine J. 2001;10: Lafage V, Schwab F, Skalli W, et al. Standing balance and sagit tal plane spinal deformity: analysis of spinopelvic and gravity line parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33: Hashimoto T, Shigenobu K, Kanayama M, et al. Clinical results of single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion using the Brantigan I/F carbon cage filled with a mixture of local morselized bone and bioactive ceramic granules. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27: 퇴행성요추질환에서추체간유합술을통한분절전만각복원및관여인자 김응하 서정무 안중현 순천향대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 연구계획 : 후향적연구목적 : 퇴행성요추질환에서추체간유합술시분절전만각의복원정도를분석하고, 복원에관여하는인자및유합률을분석하고자한다. 선행문헌의요약 : 퇴행성요추질환에서추체간유합술의분절전만각복원정도와이에관여하는인자를분석한연구가거의없다. 대상및방법 : 퇴행성요추질환으로 3 분절이상전방및후방추체간유합술을시행받은환자중 2011 년부터 2013 년까지시행되고최소 1년이상추적관찰된 43명 ( 남자 15예, 여자 28예, 세 ) 의환자를대상으로하였다. 전방추체간유합술에는전만각 10 인금속케이지 (SynCage ) 를사용하였으며, 후방추체간유합술에는전만각 8 의금속케이지 (Neo-IC ) 를사용하였다. 수술전, 수술후, 수술 1년이후추시시방사선영상을분석하였다. 분절전만각복원에관여하는인자로분절유연성, 추간판높이, 골극, 진공추간판, 후관절비대, 척추전방전위증, 골단판손상을분석하였으며, 골유합률도분석하였다. 결과 : 전방또는후방추체간유합술을시행한전체분절에서분절전만각이수술전 4.67 에서수술후 로 5.76 증가하였고, 최종추시시 9.32 로약 1.1 감소하였다. 모집단수가비슷한제 3-4요추간을비교하였을때도전방추체간유합술은수술전후 7.24 교정되어후방추체간유합술시의 4.61 보다교정이잘되었다 (p-value=0.011). 분절유연성과전만각교정정도는유의한상관관계를보였고 (p-value=0.013), 추간판높이가낮거나, 골극이있을경우교정이잘안되는경향을보였으며, 진공추간판인경우교정이잘되는경향을보였다. 후관절비대, 척추전방전위증, 골단판손상은증례가적어영향을판단하기어려웠다. 골유합률은 92.8% 로확인되었다. 결론 : 퇴행성요추질환에서추체간유합술시분절전만각복원이잘되었으며, 이중전만각 10 케이지를이용한전방추체간유합술이분절전만각교정효과가크고, 분절유연성이분절전만각복원의중요한인자였다. 특히추간판간격이좁고골극을보여도분절운동성을보이면상당예에서전만을복원할수있었다. 색인단어 : 퇴행성요추질환, 추체간유합술, 분절전만각, 분절유연성, 유합률 약칭제목 : 퇴행성요추질환에서추체간유합술 177

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