Microsoft PowerPoint - Lumbar spine anatomy & function 한스.ppt

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1 Introduce Lumbar spine anatomy & function 임승길 Anterior Front of the spine Anterior lumbar spine area Posterior Back of the spine Posterior lumbar area 2 Important structures 1. Bones and joints 1. Bones & joints 2. Nerves 3. Connective tissues Made up of 24 spinal bones Called vertebrae 4. Muscles 5. Spinal segments Upright support Bones and joints Three curves 1. Cervical Slightly inward 2. Middle back or thoracic spine Outward Kyphosis 3. Low back Lumbar spine Slightly inward lordosis 1. Bones and joints Lumbar spine Five vertebrae L1~L5 Sacrum Extra or sixth lumbar vertebrae 5 6 1

2 1. Bones and joints Lumbar vertebral body Taller & bulkier Withstand pressure from body weight & movement Lifting Carrying Twisting Large & powerful muscles attaching 1. Bones and joints Bony ring Pedicle bones Lamina bones Protective roof Spinous processes Transverse processes Bones and joints Facet joints Covered by articular cartilage Smooth Rubbery material 2. Neural foramina Neural foramina On the left & right side of each vertebra is a small tunnel Intervertebral disc Bulged or herniated disc Nerves Spinal cord Like a long wire Spinal column protect 3. Nerves Spinal cord extends down to the L2 vertebra Below this level Spinal canal encloses Bundle of nerves that goes to the lower limbs & pelvic organs Latin term Cauda equina Horse s tail

3 4. Connective tissues Ligaments 1. Anterior longitudinal ligament Front of the vertebral bodies 2. Posterior longitudinal ligament Run full-length within the spinal canal On the back of the vertebral bodies 3. Ligamentum flavum Front surface of the lamina bones Just behind the spinal cord 4. Connective tissues Intervertebral disc Made of connective tissue Fibers of the disc are formed by special cells Collagen cells Like strands of nylon rope Crisscrossed like a net Made of two parts Nucleus Provides most of the shock absorption Annulus Series strong ligament rings Muscles Superficial layer Fascia Middle layer Erector spinae Deepest muscles Coordinate action with the muscle of the abdomen 6. Spinal segment Spinal segment includes two vertebrae Intervertebral disc Nerves Facet joints Help hold the spine steady during activity 요천추기능 척추의기능단위 요천추기능 척추 + 디스크 + 척추 18 3

4 요천추의기능단위 5~6 개 노령화에따라수핵의섬유화 섬유륜 수핵 섬유륜 다양한외력에서섬유륜각 각층에서비스듬하게반대방향으로주행 수핵을둘러싸고있음 정상 : 30 도각도흡수 : 더날카로운각압력 : 예리한각 다양한외력에서섬유륜각 다양한외력에서섬유륜각 굴곡시뒤쪽섬유륜의더많은신장 가장많은신장 전단력또는회전시가장많은신장 섬유륜은서로엇갈리는방향으로배열 척추회전시섬유륜의절반만 굴곡 - 신전 섬유륜파열 전단력또는회전력 회전을제한 섬유륜파괴발생

5 섬유각의다양성 중심에가까울수록큰각 교원섬유 이완 섬유의신장정도는부위에따라다름 신장 안쪽과바깥쪽의손상정도가다름 안쪽섬유들은주위것보다짧아덜늘어나므로회전력에의해가장먼저손상됨 처음상태로돌아오지 못함 압박시수핵의모양과섬유륜 척추종판의구조 제한된외부압력 수핵 : 생리적형태유지 섬유륜 : 30 도각 큰외부의압력 수핵 : 모양변함 섬유륜 : 예리한각 V: 척추체 종판 : 성장판의흔적 RA: 골간단-석회화 A: 섬유륜 안쪽 : 종판에부착 바깥쪽 : 골간단에부착 N: 수핵 골화로추간판영양공급감소 수핵의기능 척추종판분리 섬유륜을긴장되게내적인압력 척추후관절에대한전단력 척추후관절 상부척추의전방변위제한 요천추각이클수록 전단스트레스증가 후부인대느슨

6 확산에의한추간판의영양 종판의중심부와섬유륜을 통해이루어짐 척추후관절의정렬 위와뒤에서보았을때 수직배열 굴곡 / 신전허용 측방운동 / 회전운동제한 후부섬유륜은확산이적음 인접척추간의전위방지 & 최소화 척추전방전위증 (spondylolisthesis) 굴곡과신전시척추후관절의움직임 굴곡과재신전시척추후관절 굴곡 & 재신전 전방굴곡 & 측부굴곡 어느정도회전일어남 올바른신전과회전 풀림이이루어지지않음 굴곡 척추후관절분리 추간공더열림 생리학적전만자세 관절면이약간분리 추간공열린상태 신전 척추후관절면더가까워짐 척추공작아짐 재신전시관절면끼임으로통증유발 측방굴곡회전토크 요추기능적단위의축성회전 볼록한면 척추후관절벌어짐 오목한면 척추후관절서로맞붙음 정상 끼임

7 척추의기능과관련된인대 황색인대 80% 탄력소 20% 교원질 탄력성 척추의기능과관련된근육 척추기립근 굴곡 - 신전조절 상극인대 구조자체가불규칙 기능? 극상돌기간인대 탄력소 < 교원질 탄력성 정적척추 생리적요천추각 천추의평행선과천추의윗면이이루는각도 30º 천추회전에따른요천추각의변화 요천추의총굴곡패턴 각기능단위는각각의요추부위에서 8~10도굴곡 고관절회전없이 45 굴곡가능 9 X 5 =

8 요추기능단위의굴곡과신전의제한 심한굴곡 후종인대, 기립근막, 후부상부인대, 척추후관절낭에의해제한 신전 척추후관절면의부딪침 전종인대에의해제한 팽팽한슬와부근과요통증후군환자에서스트레치통증의기전 팽팽한슬와부근육 (B) 골반의회전을제한 요추부가과도하게스트레칭되어통증유발 요추부의경직 (C) 요추전만이줄어들지않아정상적인요추-골반리듬이깨짐 슬와부와요추모두통증 측방굴곡시척추후관절면의비대칭 굴곡상태의척추에서근육의가속및감속 골반의기울어짐에의한척추측만 척추후관절면배열의비대칭초래 굴곡 / 신전시끼임발생 기립자세-굴곡 척추기립근은굴곡을감속 충분히굴곡되었을때 근육은느슨해지고 인대와근막에의해 유지 굴곡후재신전시근육과인대의조절 요천추의굴곡과재신전시요추골반리듬 허리의 45 굴곡시 요추에서발생 골반고정 허리의 45 이상굴곡시 골반회전 더굴곡시인대와근막긴장

9 물건을들어올릴때근육 - 인대의조절 추간판압축과전위시교원질의길이 90 인대와근막구조의지지 근육의힘으로둔부를회전 45 인대의긴장감소 척추기립근작용 압력과전위가있을때 가장늘어난상태 교원질섬유의인장강도초과시찢어짐 수핵가까이있는내적교원섬유는탄력 척추에부하를주지않는공기주머니이론 척추의복부 - 흉부지지 A 복강내압력 B 기립근-근막구획의압력 복강내화살표 척추부담의경감 물건을들어올리는동안생긴흉강과복강내압력이척추추간판내압력을줄인다 요추골반리듬 선자세에서체중지탱 추간판내압력 인대의긴장도 기립근이완 좌골신경근 하지, 발, 발가락의감각과운동신경을담당 몸통의굴곡 둔부와슬와부근육등골반고정 척추신전근의감속

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