11-권병기(1차수정)20일

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1 대한척추외과학회지제 13 권제 2 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 132~137, 2006 척추수술후발생한가성수막류 - 상이한증상의 3 례보고 - 권병기 안동기 정기웅 박관영 서울성심병원정형외과 Pseudomeningocele After Spine Surgery -3 cases of different symptoms- Byoung Ki Kwon, M.D., Dong Ki Ahn, M.D., Ki Woong Jeong, M.D., Kwan Young Park, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Sacred Heart General Hospital, Seoul, Korea Abstract Pseudomeningocele after spine surgery can cause various symptoms, but it can also be silent. We experienced 3 cases of pseudomeningocele with different symptoms and we analyzed the characteristics of each case. A small pseudomeningocele without connection to the subarachnoidal space can show no symptoms. A pseudomeningocele with a small dural tear and it's abutted on the duramater at a small portion can produce sciatica and limitations of straight leg raising due to adhesion of the cauda equina around the dural tear. In addition, a large pseudomeningocele with a big dural and lamina defect can produce back tenderness furthermore, a patient with such a lesion can have low back pain and leg pain that are aggravated by an increment of abdominal pressure or by impact to the body and even by walking. Pseudomeningocele should be suspected when symptoms recur after spine surgery and especially in the case of dural tear during an operation Key Words: pseudomeningocele, spine surgery 서 론 척추수술도중경막의의인성손상으로뇌척수액의누수가발생한경우는이를봉합해주어야하며, 수술후뇌척수액누공이발생하면다시재개방하여봉합을하여야하는것으로알려져있다 1,2,34). 그러나대부분의가성수막류는무증상이어서누공을형성하지않는한발견되지않는것이보통이다 1,2,3,5). 또한증상을유발할경우, 이에대한특징이매우드물게보고되어수술후 수개월이상경과된후에발생한일련의증상이가성수막류가원인인것으로고려하기가쉽지않다 1,2,3). 미발견된가성수막류는수개월이경과된후에도증상을유발할수있으며침습적통증조절치료등을통해의인성으로누공을형성하거나감염의위험이있으므로수술후뒤늦게발견될수있는합병증으로항시염두에두어야할것으로생각된다. 저자들은요추수술후 6 개월이상경과된후발견된가성수막류를 3 례경험하여각증례에따른임상증상의특징을보고하고자한다. Address reprint requests to Dong Ki Ahn, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Sacred Heart General Hospital Chungryangri-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul Tel: , Fax: , adkajs@hanmail.net

2 척추수술후발생한가성수막류 - 상이한증상의 3 례보고 - 권병기외 증례보고 잔존하였다 (Fig. 1D). 증례 1 55 세여자로흉요추부의다발성신경초종및제 4 요추의척추분리형척추전위증으로제 11 흉추부와제 3 요추부의신경초종을각각의경막절개를통해제거하고제 요추간의유합술을시행하였다. 수술후신경학적결손은발생하지않았으며, 4 일째에음압배액관을제거하고보행훈련을시작하였다. 제거전날 24 시간배액총액은 150 cc 였다. 술후 2 주에퇴원하였으며수술전에비해취침시의하지동통과보행시하지동통이감소한상태였다. 수술후 6 개월에내원하였는데, 반복되는두통과요부를중심으로상부와하부로방사하는통증을호소하였으며, 이는기침또는재채기로인해증가하는소견을보였다. 평지보행에는큰지장이없었으나, 계단을내려가는등의충격에의해배부전체와하지로감전되는듯한불편감을호소하였으며, 배변배뇨시에양측하지로방사하는동통과저린감을호소하였다. 이학적검사상신경학적결손은없었으나, 요추의전방굴곡이제한되어있었고양측하지모두에서하지직거상검사상 30 도로감소해있었으며요배부를타진하려할때심한공포감과거부감을나타내는소견을보였다. 영상검사에서는단순방사선검사소견상은특이소견이없었으나, 자기공명영상검사상제 12 흉추에서제 5 요추에까지이르는 mm 크기의낭종이형성되어있었다. 낭종은근막을통과하지못하였으며, 광범위한추궁판결손부위를통해경막과인접하여있었으나뚜렷한경계를이루고있었다. 그러나제 2-3 요추간판부에서지주막하공간과연결된양상을보였다 (Fig. 1A). 수술후발생한가성수막류로진단하고전신마취하에수술적봉합을시도하였다. 수술소견상근막하에매끄러운섬유막으로쌓인낭종성공간에뇌척수액이고여있었으며, 제 3 요추부에서지주막하공간과연결되는 mm 의경막결손이있었는데이전신경초종제거시의경막봉합사가풀려있었다. 경막결손부위로신경근의탈출은없었으나, 변연부에일부마미의유착이있었으며결손부를통해보이는마미가부종및충혈소견을보였다 (Fig. 1B). 유착된마미를유리시키고우측장경근막을이용한이식술을시행하였다 (Fig. 1C). 섬유소아교 (Green plast ) 를봉합부위에도포하였으며가성낭포의제거는시행하지않았다. 수술후 3 일째에음압배액관을제거하고보행훈련을시행하였다. 술후 24 개월후에시행한자기공명영상검사상가성수막류는소실되었으며환자의증상도호전되었으나상체의전방굴곡시에양측대퇴부후방의동통은 증례 2 60 세여자로 44 개월전제 4-5 요추간척추협착증진단하에타병원에서감압술과척추경나사못을이용한후외측유합술을시행하였다. 수술후간헐적파행은소실되었으나요부의무게감이계속되어술후 12 개월에척추경나사못을제거하였다. 2 차수술후간헐적두통과요통, 좌측대퇴후방으로의방사통이지속되어타병원에서경막외스테로이드주사치료를시행하던중투명한배액이발생하여본원에의뢰되었다. 기침또는재채기로동통이증가하지않았으며배변, 배뇨시에도어려움을호소하지않았다. 이학적검사상요배부압통은없었으나좌측하지가직거상검사상 40 도로제한되어있었으며좌측대퇴부동통은상체의전방굴곡으로증가하였다. 신경학적결손은없었다. 영상검사에서는단순방사선검사소견상제 4-5 요추의추궁판의일부결손과견고한후외측유합소견을보였으며여타분절의이상소견은보이지않았다. 자기공명영상검사상제 4-5 요추의후방으로 mm 의낭종이발견되었으며추궁판에의해경막외공간과구별되어있었으나, 추궁판결손부를통해경막하공간과연결이있는것으로판독되었다 (Fig. 2). 가성수막류와이로인한요통및하지동통으로진단하고전신마취하에창상개방결과제 4-5 요추간에약 20 mm 의경막봉합부위가있었으며이중근위부 2 개의매듭이풀려약 5 mm 의틈이보였다. 탐사결과수가닥의마미가경막열주위에유착되어있었다. 유착된마미를유리시킨후직접봉합을시행하고섬유소아교 (Green plast ) 를도포하였다. 술후간헐적두통및하지방사통은소실되었으나요통은잔존하였다. 증례 3 67 세남자환자로보행장애를주소로내원하였다. 양측목발을이용한보행만가능하였고양측하지의동통과근력약화가있었으며심부건반사가양측슬관절과족관절에서모두감소되어있었다. 자기공명영상검사상제 3-4 요추간척추협착증과제 4 요추의척추분리형척추전위증으로진단되어후방감압술및제 요추간후외측유합술을시행하였다. 수술도중제 5 요추부에서좌측측면경막의손상이발생하였으나지주막이보존되어뇌척수액이누수되지않아젤폼 (gelfoam) 으로도포하였다. 수술후하지동통은감소하고근력이호전되었으나좌측족관절신전근의약화는지속되었다. 수술후 9 개월에가벼운교통사고로요통이악화되어자

3 대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 13, No. 2, 2006 기공명영상검사를시행한결과제 4 요추의후방으로 mm 크기의낭종이발견되었다 (Fig. 3). 가성수막류로진단하고호전되지않은신경증상과의연관성을의심하여시험절개술을시행하였으나낭종과지주막하공간과의연결은발견하지못하였다. 낭종의내용물을모두제거하고창상을재봉합하였다. 술후환자의증상에는변화가없었다. 고 찰 척추수술후발생할수있는가성수막류는 1946 년 Hyndman 과 Gerber 6) 에의해처음으로언급되었다. 증상을 발현하지않는경우가많아정확한발병률을언급하기가용이하지않아저자에따라 0.068% 에서 2% 까지다양하게보고되었다 7,8). 수술시발생되는경막의절개또는파열은일단수술창의치유가완료되면대부분은임상증상을유발하지않아어떠한증상에서이와같은합병증을의심하여야하는지알기어려웠다. 실제많은경우에이같은합병증은보상문제에따른사회심리적문제이거나정신병리적인현상으로오인받아왔다 7). 그러나 Aldrete 와 Ghaly 9) 는이학적소견으로수술부의종괴및압통, 하지방사통, 하지직거상검사의제한, 하지의부분적인감각소실그리고족저부에충격을가했을때요부동통이심해지는등이흔히나타나는임상소견이라하였으며, Swanson 과 Fincher 7) 는최초수술전과유사한증상 Fig. 1. These are images of 55 year old female patient who underwent multiple schwanommas excision at T11, L3 and PLIF L4-5 for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. (A) Sagittal MR T2 weighted image which shows large well marginated cyst in size of mm connected to subarachnoid space(arrow). (B) Intraoperative finding shows dural defect. Through the defect, inflamed cauda equina are seen and some of them are adhesed to the margin. (C) Intraoperative finding shows fascia lata graft covering the dural defect. (D) Sagittal MR T2 weighted image at 24 months after dural repair which shows complete obliteration of the cyst

4 척추수술후발생한가성수막류 - 상이한증상의 3 례보고 - 권병기외 을보인다고하였다. Lee 와 Hardy 1) 는요추의신경근증상, 즉요통과하지동통이가장흔한증상이라하였고 Rinaldi 와 Hodges 4) 는이러한증상의원인은경막결손부로마미가탈출하거나유착되는것이증상의원인인것으로추정하였다. Vinas 와 Slade 10) 는마미를압박하는종괴를형성하여하지의부전마비까지도일으킬수있다고하였다. 본저자들의증례들은공통된증상이있는반면서로일치하지않은부분이있었는데, 첫째증례의경우는흉추와요추의신경초종제거와제 4 요추의척추전위증으로제 흉추와제 2 요추에서 4 요추에이르는광범위한추궁판제거술이시행되었다. 자기공명영상검사상가성수막류와경막이 70 mm 에걸쳐직접인접하여있었으며경막결손부위도 mm 로마미가탈출되기에충분한크기였다. 따라서외부의충격이연부조직또는골조직에의해차단되지못하고마미신경총에쉽게전달될수있었을것이며, 복압이증가하는경우에는마미가결손부위로탈출되어신경근증상이발생했을것으로사료되었다. 반면두번째증례는추궁판의결손부위가작았고경막의결손부위도 5 mm 에불과하였다. 따라서가성수막류의크기가 mm 로큼에도불구하고경막과직접인접한부위가적어외부충격이마미신 경총으로전달되지못하였을것이며, 복압이증가하여도마미의탈출이발생할수없어첫째증례와는상이한양상을보인것으로생각되었다. 그러나두증례모두에서관찰된하지직거상검사의제한은결막결손부에마미가유착된것이원인으로생각된다. 마지막증례의경우는제거후에도임상증상의변화가없었으므로수술전증상은가성수막류와무관하였던것으로생각되었다. 즉, 크기가작고경막의결손이치유된상태에서는임상증상을일으키지않는것으로사료되었다. 그러나본저자들의관찰과달리 Rinaldi 와 Hodges 4) 는증상의정도와가성수막류의크기또는경막결손의크기는상관성이없다고하여견해의차이를보였다. 가성수막류의예방및치료에있어서처음두증례모두봉합사의일부가풀려서발생한것으로미루어연속봉합보다는단속봉합이보다안전할것으로생각되며단섬유봉합사는 4 회이상의결찰이이상적일것으로사료된다. 첫째증례에서사용한 7-0 봉합사는바늘이가늘어경막에더이상의손상을주지않는이점은있으나인장강도가약하여견고한매듭을만들기어려운점이있어 6-0 봉합사가더이상적일것으로생각된다. 이차봉합때사용한섬유소아교 (Green plast ) 는수술후 Fig. 2. This is a sagittal MR T2 weighted image of 60 year old female patient who underwent PLF L4-5 which shows mm sized cyst that seems to be connected to subarachnoid space. Fig. 3. This is a sagittal MR T2 weighted image of 67 year old male patient who underwent PLF L3-4-5 which shows mm sized cyst that seems not to be connected to subarachnoid space

5 대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 13, No. 2, 2006 음압배액관을통한뇌척수액의누수흔적이없어봉인효과가있는것으로생각되었다. 가성낭포의벽을제거하지않으면빈공간에다시낭종이형성되지않을지를우려하였는데실제로 Rinaldi 와 Hodges4) 는가성수막류의내측은지주막세포로모두내피되어있어가성이라는말은옳지않으며수술시에도내피를모두제거하여야한다고하였고 Misra 등 11) 은가벽의제거와함께유경이식술을시행하여사강을폐쇄시켜야한다고하였다. 그러나증례 1 의경우, 24 개월후에시행한자기공명영상검사상공간이모두소실되어있어가성낭포의벽을반드시제거할필요는없는것으로사료되었다. 경막열이큰경우는직접봉합이불가능하여본저자들의경우는장경근막을이식하였으나 Rinaldi 와 Hodges 4) 는지주막세포로내피된수막의벽일부를이용한이식술도가능한것으로보고하였다. 본연구의제한점으로는제한된증례에서관찰된사항을일반화하기에는무리가있으므로보다정확한연구를위해서는여러병원의증례를모아통합적연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결 론 가성수막류는두통, 발생부위의압통, 요통과하지방사통, 하지직거상의제한그리고신경근증상이발생할수있으며복압의증가와몸에가해지는충격에의해증상이심해지는양상을보였다. 이러한임상증상은경막열의크기가마미의탈출이가능한가에따라차이가있는것으로사료되었다. 요추수술후임상증상의재발이있는경우, 특히수술시에경막의손상이있었던례에서는가성수막류의가능성을반드시고려하여야할것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 01) Lee KS, Hardy IM: Postlaminectomy lumbar pseudomeningocele: report of four cases. J Neurogurg 1992; 30: ) McCormack BM, Tayler SL, Health S, Scanlon J: Pseudomeningocele/CSF fistula in a patient with lumbar spinal implants treated with epidural blood patch and a brief course of closed subarachnoid drainage: A case report. Spine 1996; 21: ) O Connor D, Maskery N, Griffiths WE: Pseudomeningocele nerve root entrapment after lumbar discectomy. Spine 1998; 23: ) Rinaldi I, Hodges TO: Iatrogenic lumbar meningocele: report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1970; 33: ) Panolini S, Ciappetta P, Piattella MC: Intraspinous postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele. Eur Spine J 2003; 12: ) Hyndman OR, Gerber WF: Spinal extradural cysts, congenital and acquired. Report of cases. J Neurosurg 1946; 3: (cited from Rinaldi I, Hodges TO: Iatrogenic lumbar meningocele: report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1970; 33: ) 07) Swanson HS, Fincher EF: Extradural arachnoidal cyst of traumatic origin. J Neurosurg 1947; 4: (cited from Rinaldi I, Hodges TO: Iatrogenic lumbar meningocele: report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1970; 33: ) 08) Teplick JG, Teplick SK, Goodman LR, Haskin ME: Pitfalls and unusual findings in computed tomography of the lumbar spine. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982; 6: ) Aldrete AJ, Ghaly R: Postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele: An unsuspected cause of low back pain. Regional Anesthesia 1995; 20: ) Vinas F, Slade H: Meningocele as complication of laminectomy. Rev Med Cordoba 1959; 47: (cited from Rinaldi I, Hodges TO: Iatrogenic lumbar meningocele : report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1970; 33: ) 11) Misra SN, Morgan HW, Sedler R: Lumbar myofascial flap for pseudomeningocele repair. Neurosurg Focus 2003; 15:15(3):e

6 척추수술후발생한가성수막류 - 상이한증상의 3 례보고 - 권병기외 국문초록 척추수술후발생한가성수막류는다양한증상을유발할수도있으며무증상으로인해발견이되지않을수도있다. 본저자들은서로임상증상이상이한가성수막류를 3례경험하여증상의특징과원인을분석하였다. 지주막하공간과연결이없고가성수막류의크기가작은경우는증상이없었다. 추궁판의결손이작아가성수막류와경막이직접인접한부위가작고경막의결손이작은경우는결손부의주변으로마미의유착이발생하여하지방사통및하지직거상검사의제한이발생할수있으며, 추궁판의결손과경막의결손이큰경우는다른례에서나타난증상외에도배부의심한압통이있으며, 보행정도의충격으로도요통과하지동통이악화되고, 복압의증가에의해하지방사통이증가하는양상을보였다. 척추수술후임상증상의재발이있는경우, 특히수술시에경막의손상이있었던례에서는가성수막류의가능성을반드시고려해야할것으로사료된다. 통신저자 : 안동기서울시동대문구청량리동 서울성심병원정형외과 Tel: Fax: adkajs@hanmail.net

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