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1 대한척추외과학회지제 16 권제 4 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surgery Vol. 16, No. 4, pp 285~289, 2009 DOI: /jkss 외상성환추 - 후두관절탈구 - 증례보고 - 정일권 이규열 김현준 선상규 동아대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Traumatic Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation - A Case Report- Il Kwon Chung, M.D., Kyu Yeol Lee, M.D., Hyeon Jun Kim, M.D., Sang Kyu Sun, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Abstract Survival after traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is rare. Severe persistent neurological deficits are common in the survivors, but early resuscitation and the use of the newer diagnostic techniques have contributed to improved outcomes. We present here the case of a 42 year old man with traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation combined with a dens fracture, and the patient obtained good clinical results after we applied a Halo-vest and performed posterior fusion. Key Words: Atlanto-occipital dislocation, Occipito-cervical fusion 서 론 외상에의한경추손상은불구또는사망에이를수도있는치명적인손상으로, 이로인한막대한사회적, 경제적손실로인하여치료및재활에대한중요성이강조되어왔다. 이중환추후두관절의탈구는인대및골성안정성의파괴로후두의관절돌기가탈구되며, 대부분수상시호흡마비로인한사망률이높음으로서드물게보고되고있다 1,2). 또한상부경추및두개기저부의골중첩으로정확한방사선학적판단이어려워초기진단이지연되어이로인한이차적인신경손상및유의한합병증이발생할수있다. 저자들은진단이지연되어내원한치 상돌기골절을동반한외상성환추후두관절탈구 1 례를 Halo-vest 고정후후방유합술을시행하여만족할만한결과를얻었기에문헌고찰과함께보고하고자한다. 증례보고 42 세남자로내원 5 일전교통사고후발생한경부동통및상지의운동마비증상을주소로내원하였다. 교통사고직후타병원에서촬영한경추부단순방사선검사및전산화단층촬영상축추의치상돌기골절소견관찰되었으며중환자실치료후전신상태호전보여본원으로전원되었다. 전원당시시행한이학적검사상경부 Address reprint requests to Kyu Yeol Lee, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 1, Dongdaesin-dong 3-ga, Seo-gu, Busan , Korea Tel: Fax: gylee@dau.ac.kr Received: Accepted:

2 대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 16, No. 4, 2009 의동통성운동제한및양상지의정상에비해 25% 정도의근력등급저하소견을보였으며감각은정상이었다. 본원에서촬영한경추부의개구 (open mouth) 전후방검사상제 3 형의치상돌기골절소견을보였으며, 측면단순방사선검사및전산화단층촬영상 clivus 에서사선으로연장한선인 Wackenheim 선이치상돌기에접선으로위치하지않으며, 기저점 (Basion) 에서치상돌기후면수직선거리가 19.6 mm, 기저점에서치상돌기까지의거리가 16.2 mm, Power 비가 1.4 로후두경추관절의탈구가의심되는소견을보였다 (Fig. 1, 2). 자기공명영상 (Fig. 3) 에서후두의전방탈구로인한척수후방의음영변화소견을관찰할수있었으며, 삼차원재구성전산화단층촬영상손상된두개 - 경추접합부 (craniocervical junction) 를상하, 좌, 우및측면에서관찰함으로서환추후두관절탈구를확인할수있었다. 타과적문제로전신마취하수술을고려할수없었고내원후 3 일째국소마취하 Halo-vest 로외고정을시행하였으며 (Fig. 4), 체중 1kg 당 5.4 mg 의 methylprednisolone 을 23 시간에걸쳐매시간정맥주입한뒤지속적으로감량하며근력을관찰하였다. 이후지속적인근력회복소견을보였으나골및연부조직의안정성이요구되어 3 개월째후방유합술을시행하였다. 고정은 Occipital plate (VertexTM, Medtronic, Memphis) 를사용하여후두에나사못고정을시행후축추에척추경나사못및 3 번경추에외측괴나사못고정 Fig. 1. Radiologic measurements in occipito-cervical dislocation. A. Basion-axial interval: the distance between the posterior axial line and a parallel line drawn through the basion. B. Basion-dental interval: the distance from the caudad end of the basion to the rostral tip of the dens axis. C. Power s ratio (BC/OA): the quotient derived from the distance of the basion (B) to the posterior arch of C1(C), and the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas (A) to the opisthion (O). 을한뒤두개의 rod 로각각연결하여시행하였다. 동일한후방경추절개를통해이식골을얻을수있었으며, 나사못및 rod 의외측으로골이식을시행하였다. 수술직후근력의변화는없었으며술후 2 주째창상부봉합사제거후타병원으로전원하였다. 술후 3 개월외래경과관찰중근력은 75% 이상호전되었으며, 촬영한단순방사선검사상후두경추유합부의고정유지되는소견을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 5). 술후 1 년외래경과관찰중근력은수술후 3 개월째확인했던근력과차이를보이지않았으며단순방사선검사상고정물의유지및골유합소견을보였다. 경추부의운동범위는굴곡및신전운동에서약 30% 정도의감소가있었으며 20 도의외측회전과 15 도의외측굴곡이감소된소견을보였다. 고 찰 1908 년 Blackwood 3) 에의해처음보고된환추후두관절의탈구는치명적결과로인해생존자가거의없어이에대한보고들이매우드물었으나최근응급의학의발달로인해종종보고되고있다. Traynelis 등 4) 은환추후두관절의탈구가상부경추손상의 1% 정도를차지하며과도한신전, 신연그리고회전력등의복합적인작용에의해연부조직의손상이발생하며이로인해안정성이파괴되면서탈구가일어나후방의척수를압박하여치명적인신경증상이나사망등이유발된다고하였다. Alker 등 5) 은경추부의치명적손상을받은환자 76 명중 19 명에서환추후두관절의탈구를확인하였다고보고하였으며, Bucholz 와 Burkhead 6) 는다발성사고로사망한 112 명의사체에서 9 명의환추후두탈구를확인하였다고보고하였다. 단순방사선검사상상부경추는골의구조및관절의모양이특이하며하악과두개골기저부와의골중첩으로정확한방사선학적이해가어려워병변의확인을위한여러가지방사선학적기준들이제시되었다. Power 등 7) 은경추부측방단순방사선검사상기저점 (Basion) 에서환추후궁까지의거리를 Opisthion 에서환추전궁까지의거리로나누어그비가 1 이상일경우와환추상후관절에서후두과까지의거리가 5 mm 이상일경우환추후두관절의탈구를의심하였다. Harris 등 8) 은측방단순방사선사진상기저점에서치상돌기까지의거리와기저점에서치상돌기후면의연장선까지의수직거리를재어각각 12 mm 이상시환추후두관절의불안정성을의심할수있다고하였으며, Wholey 등 9) 은기저점에서치상돌기까지의거리가 10 mm 이상시비정상적인것으로간주하였다. 본증례에서는 Wackenheim 선이치상돌

3 외상성환추 - 후두관절탈구 - 증례보고 - 정일권외 Fig. 2. Initial lateral cervical spine radiograph and CT scan suggests atlanto-occipital dislocation. (A) Initial lateral roentgenographic view. (B, C) Axial CT scans. (D) Wackenheim s line. (E) Basion-axial and basion-dental interval. (F) Power s ratio. Fig. 3. Sagittal and axial MRI shows high signal intensity in spinal cord

4 대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 16, No. 4, 2009 기에접선으로위치하지않으며, 기저점 (Basion) 에서치상돌기후면수직선거리가 19.6 mm, 기저점에서치상돌기까지의거리가 16.2 mm 으로모두 12 mm 이상으로측정되며, Power 비가 1.4 로서환추후두관절의탈구가의심되는방사선학적인소견을보였다. 본증례에서는제 I 형의환추후두관절의탈구소견 Fig. 4. At 3 days after admission, Halo-vest application was done. 및제III형의치상돌기골절소견을보였다. 인대손상에의한후두경추관절의탈구는보존적치료로는인대의치유를기대하기어려우며재전위의위험성이있으므로조기에정복후후두경추유합술을시행하는것이원칙이다. 비록경추부운동이제한된다하더라도신경학적손상을고려할때적극적인수술적치료가권장된다. 후두경추유합술은신경학적손상을동반또는동반하지않는후외상성환추후두불안정성, 관절염또는염증성질환에의한환추후두불안정성, 보존적치료에반응하지않는 Basilar invagination에의한난치성동통, 선천성기형, 전이성종양또는감염에의한파괴또는기능소실에의한환추후두불안정성등이적응대상이된다 10). 이러한후두경추유합술의목적은안정화를통해동통의감소, 신경학적회복, 신경손상의악화예방, 조기거동및견고한골유합을얻는것이다. 본증례에서는 Halo-vest를이용하여외고정을시행후스테로이드약물요법을시행하여운동신경의회복소견을확인하였으나이후골및연부조직의안정성이요구되어 3개월째후방유합술을시행하였다. Fig. 5. Follow-up roentgenography and CT scans. (A, B) Anterior-posterior and lateral roentgenographic views at 3 months after Halo-vest Application. (C, D) Axial and sagittal CT scans at 3 months after Halo-vest application. (E, F) Anterior-posterior and lateral roentgenographic views after occipito-cervical fusion

5 외상성환추 - 후두관절탈구 - 증례보고 - 정일권외 저자들은진단이지연되어내원한치상돌기골절을동반한외상성환추후두관절탈구를 Halo-vest 고정후후방유합술을시행하여만족할만한결과를얻었기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 참고문헌 01) Dibenedetto T, Lee CK: Traumatic atlanto-occipital instability. A case report with follow-up and a new diagnostic technique. Spine 1990; 15: ) Chang H, Park JB, Kim SK, Choi WS, Chun SK: Traumatic atlanto-occipital rotatory posterior dislocation combined with atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation, Spine 1998; 5: ) Blackwood NJ: Atlanto-occipital dislocation. A case of fracture of the atlas and axis, and forward dislocation of the occiput on the spinal column, life being maintained for thirty-four hours and forty minutes by artificial respiration, during which a laminectomy was performed upon the third cervical vertebra. Ann Surg 1908; 47: ) Traynelis VC, Marano GD, Dunker R, Kaufman HH: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation. Case report. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: ) Alker GJ Jr, Oh YS, Leslie EV: High cervical spine and craniocervical junction injuries in fatal traffic accidents: A radiological study, Orthop Clin North Am 1978; 9: ) Bucholz RW, Burkhead WZ: The pathological anatomy of fatal atlanto-occipital dislocations, J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979; 61: ) Power B, Miller MD, Kramer RS, Matrinez S, Gehweiler JA: Traumatic anterior atlanto-occipital dislocation, Neurosurgery 1979; 4: ) Harris JH Jr, Carson GC, Wagner LK, Kerr N: Radiologic diagnosis of traumatic occipitovertebral dissociation: 2. Comparison of three methods of detecting occipitovertebral relationships on lateral radiographs of supine subjects. Am J Roentgenol 1994; 162: ) Wholey MH, Bruwer AJ, Baker HL Jr: The lateral roentgenogram of the neck; with comments on the atlantoodontoid-basion relationship. Radiology 1958; 71: ) McCullen GM, Garfin SR: Cervical spine internal fixation using screw and screw-plate constructs. Spine 2000; 25: 국문초록 외상에의한환추후두관절의탈구는수상시호흡마비로인한사망률이높음으로서드물게보고되고있으며상부경추및두개기저부의골중첩으로정확한방사선학적판단이어려워초기진단이지연되어이로인한이차적인신경손상및유의한합병증이발생할수있다. 하지만최근응급처치술및진단술기의발달로보다나은결과를보고하고있다. 저자들은진단이지연되어내원한외상성환추후두관절탈구 1례를 Halo-vest 고정후후방유합술을시행하여만족할만한결과를얻었기에문헌고찰과함께보고하고자한다. 색인단어 : 환추후두관절탈구, 후두경추관절유합술 통신저자 : 이규열부산광역시서구동대신동 3가 1 동아대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Tel: , Fax: , gylee@dau.ac.kr

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