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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 80 권부록 2 호 2011 강직성척추염환자에서동반된급성횡단성척추염 한양대학교의과대학 1 내과학교실, 2 신경과학교실 황덕원 1 김재훈 1 김진주 1 김은경 1 김은미 1 김현영 2 김태환 1 Ankylosing Spondylitis Associated with Acute Transverse Myelitis Deok Won Hwang 1, Jae Hoon Kim 1, Jin Ju Kim 1, Eun Kyoung Kim 1, Eun Mi Kim 1, Hyun Young Kim 2, and Tae Hwan Kim 1 Departments of 1 Internal Medicine and 2 Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Neurological manifestations as extra-articular features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have not been reported often, and present as root lesions, cauda equina syndrome, and compression of the spinal cord. We report a 31-year-old man who complained of back pain and claudication of both lower extremities. The patient showed typical inflammatory back pain and significant sacroiliitis, consistent with AS. He also had mechanical back pain and unexplained neurological symptoms. A neurological evaluation, including spinal magnetic resonance imaging and a cerebrospinal fluid study, revealed that the patient had acute transverse myelitis (ATM). ATM can be associated with connective tissue diseases. The pathophysiology of ATM consists primarily of inflammatory disorders, similar to the neurological complications of AS. We suggest that ATM is a possible extra-articular manifestation of AS. (Korean J Med 2011;80:S314-S318) Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; Acute transverse myelitis; Neurological manifestation 서론염증성요통은강직성척추염에서중요하며, 환자가내원하게되는가장주된증상이다. 강직성척추염환자가호소하는요통이전형적인염증성요통의양상을보일때는대부분질병과관련될가능성이높지만, 기계적요통의양상을보일경우에는감별진단하는것이중요하다. 강직성척추염 은신경계증상을나타낼수있다고알려져있기때문에신경계증상이동반될때적절한시간내에정확한진단을내리는것이치료와예후에영향을줄수있다. 본저자들은요통과양하지의파행을주소로내원한강직성척추염환자에서증상에대한감별진단을통해급성횡단성척추염이병발된예를경험하여이에대해보고한다. Received: Revised: Accepted: Correspondence to Tae Hwan Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: , thkim@hanyang.ac.kr -S314-

2 - Deok Won Hwang, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis associated with acute transverse myelitis - 증례환자 : 남자 31세주소 : 요통, 양하지의파행현병력 : 2년전요통이시작되었으나특별한치료없이지내다내원 3주전 1차의료기관에서강직성척추염을진단받고비스테로이드성항염제 (NSAIDs) 복용을시작하였다. 내원 2주전부터좌측하지의파행이생기고감각저하가동반되었으며 1주전부터는우측에도동일한증상이발생하여본원류마티스내과에의뢰되었다. 과거력과가족력 : 특별한병력은없었다. 진찰소견 : 내원시체온은 36.8도, 맥박수는분당 70회, 호흡수는분당 18회, 혈압은 120/80 mm/hg 이었으며신체계측에서신장 181 cm, 체중 109 kg이었다. 환자의요통은주로하루의대부분동안지속되었으며, 오전에좀더심하였고, 운동시약간호전되었다. Schober검사는 3 cm으로측정되어유의한정도의관절구축을보였다. 촉진을통해좌측무릎관절및발목관절의부착부염증과발가락관절염을확인하였고, Faber 검사로양측천장관절부의압통이확인되었다. 신경학적검사에서양하지의운동능력은 MRC (medical research council) Grade 5 이상으로정상이었으나근육긴장도와상부건반사가항진되어있었으며우측피부절 T 10 이하, 좌측 L 2 이하범위의감각저하를보였다. 하지직거상검사는양측모두 90 로정상소견이었다. 검사소견 : 입원당시시행한기본혈액검사는백혈구 9,200/mm 3 ( 참고치 4,000-10,000/mm 3 ), 혈색소 15.4 g/dl ( 참고치 g/dl), 혈소판 268,000/mm 3 ( 참고치 150, ,000/mm 3 ), 적혈구침강속도는 5 mm/hr ( 참고치 0-20 mm/hr), C 반응성단백질은 0.3 mg/dl ( 참고치 mg/dl) 였고, 전해질과혈액화학검사및요검사에서도특이사항은보이지않았다. 혈청검사에서항핵항체, 류마티스인자, 매독반응, B형간염항원및 C형간염항체는음성이었다. 세포면역검사에서 HLA-B27 항원은양성이었다. 후경골신경체성감각유발전위검사 (posterior tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential; PTSEP) 에서좌우측 PTSEP 전달로의전기생리학적이상이관찰되었으며 (Fig. 1) 하부흉추부위의병변을시사하였다. 요추천자결과백혈구가 19개로확인되었으며이중림프구는 81% 로급성염증소견을보였다. 방사선소견 : 천장관절의단순촬영에서양측모두 Grade 3의천장관절염을보였고, 척추단순촬영에서는하부흉추및요추의정방형변화 (squaring) 와경화소견이관찰되어강직성척추염에합당하였다 (Fig. 2). 흉추의자기공명영상에서 6-7번째흉추사이에서부터 8-9번째흉추사이에이르는전반적인척수의부종과신호변화가관찰되어이부위의 Figure 1. Posterior tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential showed electrophysiological abnormalities that suggested lesions at the lower thoracic level. -S315-

3 대한내과학회지: 제 80 권 부록 2 호 2011 A B Figure 2. Simple pelvic X-ray showed spondylolysis in the right L5 vertebra, bilateral sacroiliitis (bilateral grade 3), and squaring and sclerosis in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. These findings are compatible with involvement ofankylosing spondylitis. Figure 3. T spinal MRI showed diffuse swelling of the spinal cord and signal changes (T6-7 to T8-9; arrow). The findings were compatible with acute transverse myelitis. Figure 4. CT angiography of the lower extremities showed normal vasculature. 치료 및 경과: 부신피질 호르몬 충격요법을 시행한 이후 신경학적 증상은 일부 호전되었으며 강직성 척추염의 치료 염증성 변화가 확인되었고, 급성 횡단성 척추염에 합당한 소 로는 발목관절염이 동반되어 있어 sulfasalazine과 NSAID로 견이었다(Fig. 3). 환자가 하지의 파행을 호소하여 하지 혈관에 조절하고 퇴원하였다. 1개월 뒤 양측 하지의 마비증상이 대한 확인을 위해 컴퓨터 단층 혈관 촬영을 시행하였으나 다시 발생해 재입원하여 부신피질 호르몬 충격요법을 시행 이상 소견은 없었다(Fig. 4). 하고 증상이 호전되었으며 발목관절염은 악화되어 metho- S 316 -

4 - 황덕원외 6 인. 강직성척추염환자에서동반된급성횡단성척추염 - trexate, prednisolone을추가하고신경증상에대해 pregabalin, gabapentin으로조절하며퇴원하여추적관찰하였다. 현재횡단성척추염증상은많이호전되었지만, 발목및발가락관절염은 disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) 에반응하지않는상태이다. 종양괴사인자 (tumor necrosis factor-α) 억제제는일부에서횡단성척추염과의연관성이보고된바가있어치료약제대상에서제외하였다. 고찰강직성척추염은만성적인염증성척추관절병증 (spondyloarthropathy) 으로 1차적으로는말초관절및축관절 (axial joint) 을침범하는것으로알려져있다 [1]. 강직성척추염에서신경학적증상은흔하지않지만신경뿌리 (nerve root) 를침범하여경추및요천추의신경뿌리병증 (cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathies) 을유발하거나, 말총증후군 (cauda equina syndrome) 을나타내고, 척수를압박하여척수병증 (myelopathy) 을나타낸다고보고되어있다 [2-6]. 이러한신경증상의정확한병인은아직확실히밝혀지지않았으나몇가지가설들이제시되고있고, 강직성척추염의진행에의한척수의압박과염증자체가병인에중요한역할을할것이라는것이지배적이다 [2,7,8]. 급성횡단성척추염은척수의국소적인염증반응으로인해운동기능, 감각기능및자율신경의기능장애를초래하는질환으로, 척추 MRI 또는요추천자를통해급성염증의증거를확인함으로써진단할수있다 [9]. 빠른진단이중요하지만, 비교적드문질환이어서진단이지연되는경우가많다 [10]. 3분의 1의환자에서는후유증이미세하거나거의남지않는상태로회복이되고, 3분의 1에서중등도의영구적인후유증이남으며, 나머지 3분의 1은심각한기능이상이초래된다고알려져있다 [10]. 급성횡단성척추염은전신홍반성루푸스, 베체트병 (Behçet's disease), 쇼그렌증후군 (Sjögren's syndrome) 등류마티스질환에동반되어나타나는경우도있지만원인미상인경우가흔하다 [10]. 강직성척추염에서발병은 2001년 Oh 등 [4] 이처음으로이에대해보고하였으며, 이후로 2007년 Lan 등 [6] 이강직성척추염환자에서급성횡단성척추염과말총증후군이동반된경우를보고하였고, 급성횡단성척추염이강직성척추염의관절외증상으로발현되었을가능성을제시하고있다 [4]. 급성횡단성척추염의병인이아직까지명확히밝혀진것 은아니지만, 강직성척추염의신경학증상들의병인으로생각되는척수의압박과염증이현재추측되는급성횡단성척추염의병인과유사하며 [11], 급성횡단성척추염이결체조직질환과연관성이높다는점을고려할때 [10], 강직성척추염의관절외증상으로서의가능성을시사한다. 현재까지보고된예가본증례를포함하여 3예이며 [4,6], 아직까지국내보고는없어, 향후이에대한관심을통해많은예가확인된다면그연관성을더욱강하게시사할것이라기대한다. 강직성척추염환자에서요통을호소할경우질병의활성도와연관지어생각하기쉬우나, 전형적인강직성척추염에서의요통의양상과맞지않는기계적요통의특징을보일때는다른원인에대해의심해보아야할것이며, 그중하나로강직성척추염에동반되는신경학증상에대해반드시고려해야한다. 요 급성횡단성척추염은강직성척추염에서의염증성요통과다른양상의기계적요통을유발하며, 드물게발생하지만빠른진단과치료가예후를결정한다. 강직성척추염과급성횡단성척추염과의연관관계는아직확실하지않으나, 강직성척추염에서동반되는신경학증상과유사한병인을가지며, 강직성척추염에병발된급성횡단성척추염의예가보고된바있다 [4,6]. 따라서강직성척추염환자가호소하는요통에대해접근할때요통의양상에대한정확한문진이필요하며동반된신경학적증상의유무도살펴보는것이중요하다. 중심단어 : 강직성척추염 ; 급성횡단성척추염 ; 신경학적증상 약 REFERENCES 1. Graham W, Ogryzlo MA. Ankylosing (Marie-Strümpell) spondylitis: an analysis of 100 cases. Can Med Assoc J 1947;57: Ramos-Remus C, Gomez-Vargas A, Guzman-Guzman JL, et al. Frequency of atlantoaxial subluxation and neurologic involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1995;22: Ahn NU, Ahn UM, Nallamshetty L, et al. Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments. J Spinal Disord -S317-

5 - The Korean Journal of Medicine: Vol. 80, Suppl. 2, ;14: Oh DH, Jun JB, Kim HT, et al. Transverse myelitis in a patient with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001;19: Alaranta H, Luoto S, Konttinen YT. Traumatic spinal cord injury as a complication to ankylosing spondylitis: an extended report. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20: Lan HH, Chen DY, Chen CC, Lan JL, Hsieh CW. Combination of transverse myelitis and arachnoiditis in cauda equina syndrome of long-standing ankylosing spondylitis: MRI features and its role in clinical management. Clin Rheumatol 2007;26: Ramos-Remus C, Russell AS, Gomez-Vargas A, et al. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in three geographically and genetically different populations of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis 1998;57: Tullous MW, Skerhut HE, Story JL, et al. Cauda equina syndrome of long-standing ankylosing spondylitis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 1990;73: Kerr DA, Ayetey H. Immunopathogenesis of acute transverse myelitis. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15: Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis, Neurology 2002;59; Khedr EM, Rashad SM, Hamed SA, El-Zharaa F, Abdalla AK. Neurological complications of ankylosing spondylitis: neurophysiological assessment. Rheumatol Int 2009;29: S318-

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