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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Oct.; 25(10), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) / Effective Beam Structure for Multi-Target Detection and Tracking in the Active Electrically Scanned Array Radar 이주현 이석곤 박대성 조병래 Joo-Hyun Lee Seok-Gon Lee Dae-Sung Park Byung-lae Cho* 요약 /.,... Abstract This paper presents an efficient receive beam structure able to search and track the simultaneous bundle targets with the active electrically scanned array radar. One of the characteristic with the active phased array radar is to point toward wanted direction and to forming simultaneously the digital multi-beam. This paper proposes method to detect and track rapidly bundle targets coming to radar using the digital beam forming. The proposed the beam forming method in the paper is evaluated about the angle accuracy of targets via a computer simulation. Key words: Active Electrically Scanned Array Antenna, Digital Beam Forming, Monopulse Beam. 서론,.,., [1]. (TR module)... (DBF: Digital Beam Forming), (Samsung Thales) * (Agency of Defence Development) Manuscript received July 25, 2014 ; Revised September 16, 2014 ; Accepted September 19, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Joo-Hyun Lee ( joohyun08.lee@samsung.com) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 1069

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 10, Oct DBF, DBF. DBF, DBF [2],[3]. ( ). ML(Maximum-Likelihood), [10],[11]. ML,. [8] [7].., DBF. 9 (9 4 ),. 9 (, ) RMSE(Root Mean Squre Error).. Section II 2-1 /, 2-2 Digital Beam Forming, 2-3, 2-4 Section III.. 본론 2-1 능동위상배열레이더의표적탐지 / 추적기법.,.., DBF.,.,..,,.,.. DBF 디지털빔형성기법모델링 DBF, 9, 5.,,., ADC(Analog Digital Converter)

3 / 그림 2. Fig. 2. Multi-receive beam forming using DBF. (3). 그림 1. Fig. 1. Digital beam forming structure.. 1 [5]. 1 (S). S p = å h mn m, nîw p exp (- j2p ( u x + v y )) 0 mn 0 mn s m n,, (u, v) uv u=sin(θ az ), v= sin(θ el ). S mn. h mn,... (- j2 ( Du( l) X ( k) + Dv( l) Y ( ) ) w( k, l) = exp p p p k (2) (2) (w(k, l)) (X P, Y P ) ( u, v). k, l. mn (1) out ( l) = S(1, k) w( k, l) (3) (3) out(l) 2 [4].,. 2 9, 5., 5. DBF, (0.02 ),. 2-3 인터빔을이용한모노펄스처리기법 9 [8]. 3 θ, ϕ. a n n.,.,, 2 9, 1071

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 10, Oct 그림 3. Fig. 3. Angle calculation of the center of mass. 그림 5. Fig. 5. Structure of the interbeam. (a) coverage (a) Angle coverage of center of mass (b) (b) Maximum angle error of center of mass 그림 4. Fig. 4. Problem using of the center of mass. (a) (b). 4 (a),. 4 (b) ( )., (a) 5, (b) 2 (c) 그림 6. Fig. 6. Monopulse beam forming using interbeam.., (d) 5., 4 [9]. 5 2, 2 (d) 1072

5 /, 5.,.,..,,, (k m ) [6]. k m d( D / S) = d( q / ) q 3 ( ),, ( ),, [7]., /. (5). BWu ut = u 0 + Ru km (5) u 0 (u, v), BW u, Ru., 7., (4) 그림 7. Fig. 7. Digital beam forming pattern and monopulse slope. (4) 7..,,. 2-4 시뮬레이션결과,. Ku, λ, (, ) (0.5, 1), 2 ( 0.7, 1), 3 (0.7, 0), 4 (1, 1.2), 5 ( 0.6, 1.2). 800 m, 400 m/s, 11, λ. 8,.. 8 (a) 1073

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 10, Oct (a) (a) Simulation using the inter-beam (b) (b) Simulation using the center of mass 그림 8. Fig. 8. Scenario of simultaneous bundle target. 8 (b)., 5. 1 그림 9. (1, 3, 5) Fig. 9. Angle accuracy output of target #1, #3, #

7 / 표 1. RMS(Root Mean Square) error Table 1. RMS error output. Scenario ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Target # Target # Target # Target # Target # ,. 9, 3., , 9. 1, 3, 5,., Target #3 0,, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error). (6) n. RMSE = n å i= 1 ( x i - x ) n i 2 x i : 추정치, xi : 실제값 (6). 결론. 9..,,. 9 DBF 4, 4.,.. References [1],,, " ",, 25(2), pp , [2] Harry L. Van Trees, Optimum Array Processing: Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp , May [3] Wulf-Dieter Wirth, Radar Techniques using Array Antennas, The Institution of Electrical Engineers., pp , [4] Arik D. Brown, Electronically Scanned Arrays, CRC Press., pp , [5] U. Nickel, Fundamentals of Signal Processing for Phased Array Radars, NATO Science and Technology Organization Inc., pp , [6] David K. Barton, Modern Radar System Analysis, Artech house Inc., pp , [7] U. Nickel, "Monopulse estimation with subarray-adaptive 1075

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 10, Oct. 2014.

Skolnik, Radar Handbook, 2nd Edition, Mc- Graw-Hill, pp. 8.12, 1990. [9] Bassem R.

Davis, "A maximum-likelihood beamspace processor for improved search and track", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.

[11] Kai-Bor Yu, "Digital beamforming of multiple simultaneous beams for improved target search", IEEE Radar Conference, May 2009.

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 10, Oct arrays and arbitrary sum and difference beams", IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig., vol. 143, no. 4, pp , [8] Merreill I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, 2nd Edition, Mc- Graw-Hill, pp. 8.12, [9] Bassem R. Mahafza, Radar Systems Analysis and Design using Matlab. Second Edition, Chapman & Hall/CRC, pp , [10] Richard M. Davis, "A maximum-likelihood beamspace processor for improved search and track", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 49, no [11] Kai-Bor Yu, "Digital beamforming of multiple simultaneous beams for improved target search", IEEE Radar Conference, May : ( ) : ( ) : ISR PGM [ 주관심분야 ], : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) Defense : ISR PGM [ 주관심분야 ],, : ( ) : ( ) : : : ISR PGM [ 주관심분야 ],, RF : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : : [ 주관심분야 ], 1076

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)