THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jan.; 26(1), IS

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jan.; 26(1), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) Design and Implementation of Mobile Electronically Scanned TACAN Antenna 박상진 구경헌 Sang Jin Park Kyung Heon Koo* 요약 (Tactical Air Navigation).,. 9,., MIL-STD-291C. Abstract This paper describes the design and fabrication of an electronically rotated Tactical Air Navigation(TACAN) antenna using parasitic elements and PIN diode switches. We used parasitic elements arranged in a circular array and PIN diode switches to electronically rotate the antenna instead of employing a mechanically rotated antenna using motor. The antenna s physical characteristics and design features to generate the cardioid pattern and nine-lobe pattern including bearing information are described and simulated. The measured result shows a very good agreement with simulation and meets the specification of MIL-STD-291C. Key words: TACAN, Nine-Lobe, Parasitic Element, PIN Diode. 서론 TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) [1]. ( mile). TACAN TACAN,,. ( ). ( ). TACAN DME(Distance Measuring Equipment) VHF (Korea Airports Corporation) * (Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University) Manuscript received October 6, 2014 ; Revised December 12, 2014 ; Accepted December 17, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Kyung Heon Koo ( khkoo@incheon.ac.kr) 54 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 VOR(Very high frequency Omnidirectional Range),.. 1,025 1,150 MHz, 962 1,025 MHz 1,151 1,213 MHz. 126 (1 MHz ),. TACAN 1970 TACAN,, [2],[3]. TACAN. TACAN, 15 Hz 135 Hz Hz 135 Hz. 15 Hz 135 Hz. 1,165 mm( ) 330 mm( ) TACAN. PIN, TACAN MIL-STD-291C., Hz Hz. EM Software & Systems FEKO,.. TACAN,.,.. 이론및설계 2-1 방위정보추출,. (North Reference Burst,, NRB) 15 Hz,, (Auxiliary Reference Burst, ARB) 135 Hz. 15 Hz, 15 Hz (NRB),. 135 Hz, 15 Hz Hz Hz 360 [4] [6]. 1, 2 NRB ARB, 15 Hz 135 Hz. TACAN 15 Hz 135 Hz NRB ARB, 15 Hz 135 Hz. NRB 15 Hz (Zero-Crossing) ARB. ARB 40., ARB 135 Hz. 2, NRB 15 Hz 6 ARB 240, ARB 135 Hz 30, (in-bound) 55

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan 그림 3. Fig. 3. Operation of director. 그림 1. Fig. 1. Aircraft bearing to TACAN ground station.,. λ/2.,,. λ/4. 90., TACAN. 4 TACAN, 5 15 Hz 135 Hz 그림 2. Fig. 2. Bearing calculation 기생소자의반사기와도파기동작 λ/2 그림 4. Fig. 4. Operation of reflector. 56

Cardioid pattern, A 15 Hz, B 135 Hz, (NRB) 15 Hz, (ARB)

. 시뮬레이션 3-1 심장모양 15 Hz 패턴생성 (c) 9 (d) (c) Nine lobe

Fig. 5. Radiation pattern of reflector position.

4 Hz (1) [8]. sin ± sin ± (1) (a) (b) (a) Antenna location (b) Cardioid pattern, A 15 Hz, B 135 Hz, (NRB) 15 Hz, (ARB) 135 Hz, f=15 Hz,.. 시뮬레이션 3-1 심장모양 15 Hz 패턴생성 (c) 9 (d) (c) Nine lobe pattern (d) Composite pattern 그림 5. Fig. 5. Radiation pattern of reflector position., (array factor) Matlab [7]. 5(a) 1 15 Hz Hz. 5(b) 15 Hz. 15 Hz, 15 Hz 15 Hz. 5(c) Hz 9, 15 Hz 135 Hz. 5(d) 15 Hz 135 Hz, 15 Hz, 15 Hz 135 Hz. 15 Hz Hz λ/2 1 λ/4., 1 15 Hz 15 Hz. 6 16, 1, (ground plate) 그림 6. Fig. 6. Configuration for generating the cardioid pattern. 57

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. 그림 7. Fig. 7. The simulation result of cardioid pattern.. 15 Hz 30 mm. 7 1.

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan 그림 7. Fig. 7. The simulation result of cardioid pattern.. 15 Hz 30 mm 개로브패턴생성 135 Hz λ/ 그림 8. 9 Fig. 8. Configuration for generating the nine-lobe pattern. 그림 9. 9 Fig. 9. The simulation result of nine-lobe pattern., 40 9, 15 Hz 135 Hz 합성패턴생성 962 1,213 MHz 135 Hz 63 3 High, Middle,, Low , 12 1,024 MHz 15 Hz 135 Hz. PIN PIN ON 54 OFF 9. PIN ON 58

6 그림 10. Fig. 10. Configuration for generating the composite pattern. 그림 11. Fig. 11. The simulation result of composite pattern. λ/2, OFF λ /2 [9].. 제작및측정 15 Hz Low High 16 2, 135 Hz Low, Middle, High PIN 그림 12. XY Fig. 12. The simulation result of composite pattern on cartesian XY-plane. OFF 30 db COBHAM DH LT PIN OFF 962 MHz 27 db, 1,213 MHz 37 db. 1.0 mm FR-4 4.5, ,165 mm( ) 330 mm( ) 3D mm( ) 26 mm( ) 1 mm( ) 135 Hz PCB 2 15 Hz. 2 PIN DC 100 pf, RF 330 nh 220. PIN +5 V, 0 V +50 V. +50 V PIN OFF, 0 V ON. 15 TACAN. 16 Low. Low 15 Hz 135 Hz. 15 Hz 135 Hz 59

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING

TACAN Fig. 15. Configuration of fabricated TACAN antenna.

측정된 합성 패턴 그림 16. Fig. 16. Measured composite pattern.

TACAN의 주요 규격인 MIL-STD-291C 미 국방 규격에 서 요구하는 방위 오차와 변조도 특성을 측정하기 위하

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan 제작된 안테나 형상 그림 15. TACAN Fig. 15. Configuration of fabricated TACAN antenna. 제안한 안테나의 도면 그림 13. TACAN 3D Fig. 13. Three dimensional drawing of the proposed TACAN antenna. 측정된 합성 패턴 그림 16. Fig. 16. Measured composite pattern. 제작된 기생소자 그림 14. Fig. 14. Fabricated parasitic element. 특성을 얻게 되었다. TACAN의 주요 규격인 MIL-STD-291C 미 국방 규격에 서 요구하는 방위 오차와 변조도 특성을 측정하기 위하 여 그림 17과 같이 측정 셋업을 구성하였다. 신호원으로는 자북 기준 버스트(NRB)와 보조 기준 버 60 방위 및 변조도 측정 셋업 그림 17. Fig 17. Setup for measuring bearing and modulation. 스트(ARB)를 포함하는 방위 펄스 그룹을 송신할 수 있는 1 kw 출력 TACAN 트랜스폰더와 방위 오차 및 변조도를

. 결론 그림 18. 15 Hz+135 Hz Fig. 18. Detected envelop signal of 15 Hz+135 Hz composite signal. ROHDE&SCHWARZ TACAN EDS-300. 18 TACAN 15 Hz 135 Hz. (NRB), PIN ON. 1 TACAN 962 1,213 MHz 1,024 MHz.

8 . 결론 그림 Hz+135 Hz Fig. 18. Detected envelop signal of 15 Hz+135 Hz composite signal. ROHDE&SCHWARZ TACAN EDS TACAN 15 Hz 135 Hz. (NRB), PIN ON. 1 TACAN 962 1,213 MHz 1,024 MHz., TACAN MIL- STD-291C. 표 1. TACAN [8] 1,024 MHz Table 1. TACAN specification and the measured result at 1,024 MHz. 1 ±1 ± Hz 21±9 % % Hz 21±9 % % % 47 %, TACAN TACAN. 15 Hz 135 Hz, MIL- STD-291C TACAN. TACAN (Null Point). References [1] W. L. Garfield, "TACAN : a navigation system for aircraft", IEE Proceedings-Part B: Radio and Electronic Engineering, vol. 105, issue 9, part S, pp , [2] DCN News, 55 TACAN ( ), dcn.or.kr/66344 [3],, "TACAN FP- GA ",, 35(12), pp , [4] E. J. Christopher, "Electronically scanned TACAN antenna", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-22, pp , Jan [5] L. N. Shestag, "Cylindrical array for the TACAN system", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-22, pp , Jan [6] G. Greving, R. Zeitz, "Concept and experimental verification of a new electronic TACAN antenna", European Microwave Conference, pp , [7] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory : Analysis and Design, 3 rd 61

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. ed., New York: Wiley, 2005.

Qian, "A reconfigurable leaky mode/patch antenna controlled by PIN diodes switches", IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Digest., pp. 2694-2697, 1999.

9 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan ed., New York: Wiley, [8] MIL-STD-291C, Military Standard Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Signal, Feb [9] B. Chang, Y. Qian, "A reconfigurable leaky mode/patch antenna controlled by PIN diodes switches", IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Digest., pp , : ( ) : ( ) : : : [ 주관심분야 ],, 1981 : ( ) 1983 : ( ) 1991 : ( ) : UC San Diego 1997 : /,,,,,, 1987 : [ 주관심분야 ],, RF, 62

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE May; 26(5),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 May; 26(5), 483 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.5.483 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) TACAN