THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 30(2),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 30(2), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) MIMO Polar Format Processing Polar-Format-Processing-Based Moving Target Imaging in MIMO Radar Environment 최상현 양훈기 Sang-Hyun ChoiHoon-Gee Yang 요약 MIMO(multiple input multiple output). polar format processing (aliasing).,. MIMO. Abstract This study presents an imaging algorithm that can provide an image of a moving target in a multiple-inputmultiple-output radar environment where multiple transmitting and receiving radars are fixed on the ground. The proposed algorithm, which is based on polar format processing using plane wave approximation, is shown to provide an unaliased image by using multiple transmitting radars even when the distances between the receiving radars are relatively large. We derive the conditions necessary to deploy the transmitting radars by which the resolution of the reconstructed image can be improved, while simultaneously reducing aliasing artifacts. Moreover, we offer a means of separating out each transmitting radar target echo. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is verified through a simulation. Key words: Radar, Polar, SAR, MIMO, GMTI. 서론,. PBR(passive bistatic radar), ISAR(inverse synthetic aperture radar) 2018() (NO. NRF-2017R1A2B , DPCA STAP SAR-GMTI ) (Department of Radio Sciences and Engineering, Kwangwoon University) Manuscript received October 11, 2018 ; Revised November 14, 2018 ; Accepted January 14, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Hoon-Gee Yang ( hgyang@kw.ac.kr) 124 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 MIMO Polar Format Processing [1],[2]. PBR,, VHF, UHF [3]. ISAR aperture [2]. (monostatic) ISAR MIMO ISAR ISAR distributed ISAR [4]. distributed ISAR reference point radial motion autofocus [5]. / GMTI(ground moving target indicator) [6]. (planewave approximation) SAR. / (dislocation) (blurring)..,, MIMO. MIMO,, (orthogonal) MIMO MIMO.,.. 이미징알고리즘 2-1 송수신시스템모델링 1. 3, 2.,,,,. (space synchronization)., arctan.,. 그림 1. Fig. 1. Proposed radar system. 125

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 2, Feb arctan. (beamforming),...,. (1),,, --,. (2),.. cos sin (3) cos sin (4) [6]. (3) (4) (1).. exp exp cos cos sin sin (5), (wave number). 2. (5). cos cos sin sin exp (6) (6), exponential term. 2-2 멀티스태틱공간스펙트럼 (6) (, )., line segment ( ), line segment. 126

4 MIMO Polar Format Processing line segment. line segment rectangular grid (interpolation) 2. Rectangular grid, (Fourier transform).., line segment. 4 3, MIMO. 12 line segment. line segment,,. 4 3 line segment line segment line segment., 3 line segment, line segment line segment. 12, line segment. 2,.. line segment cos cos sin sin (7) 그림 2. Fig. 2. Ideal deployment of transmitters and receivers. line segment cos cos sin sin Nyquist,. cos cos sin sin (8) ( ), (8). tan arccos (9). 2-3 시스템동작구현 (9) 127

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 2, Feb ,., MIMO, (travel time). ( virtual MIMO).., ( ), (, ).,. (time-division multiplexing),... (MIMO virtual MIMO) DPCA(displaced phase center antenna). Virtual MIMO PRI(pulse repetition interval).,,.,, ( :).,.,., PRI, PRI,,.. 시뮬레이션 virtual MIMO. 1., (a). 3(b). 4 표 1. Table 1. Simulation parameters. Parameter Carrier frequency PRI Target area Value 3 GHz 5 msec 100 m The number of moving targets 4 Velocity of moving targets 1,020 m/sec (1,20), (1,5), (2,5), (4,5) Location of (300 m, 12,000 m) 128

MIMO Polar Format Processing (a) (a) Case of only moving targets (b) (b) Case of moving targets plus clutter 그림 3. Fig. 3. Reconstructed image using single transmit pulse.

6 MIMO Polar Format Processing (a) (a) Case of only moving targets (b) (b) Case of moving targets plus clutter 그림 3. Fig. 3. Reconstructed image using single transmit pulse.. 4, 8. 5, 1 2., 그림 4. Fig. 4. In case of m [6]. 5(a) 5(b) 1, 2. (9), 2. 6 (8) 4.., 4. 7 MIMO. chirp rate linear FM. 6. (cross correlation), 129

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 2, Feb (a) 그림 6. Fig. 6. In case of. (b) 그림 5. Fig. 5. In case of large distance between the receivers... 결론 MIMO polar processing. 그림 7. MIMO Fig. 7. Acquired image in situation of MIMO radar structure.,,. MIMO virtual MIMO,. DPCA 130

MIMO Polar Format Processing. References [1] H. Griffiths, "Passive bistatic radar," in Academic Press Library in Signal Processing: Communications and Radar Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp.

8 MIMO Polar Format Processing. References [1] H. Griffiths, "Passive bistatic radar," in Academic Press Library in Signal Processing: Communications and Radar Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp , New York, NY, Academic, [2] M. Martorella, "Introduction to inverse synthetic aperture radar," in Academic Press Library in Signal Processing: Communications and Radar Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp , New York, NY, Academic, [3] P. Abiven, T. J. Lim, and J. Pisane, "FM passive bistatic radar imaging of airplanes in a real configuration," in 2014 International Radar Conference, Lille, Oct. 2014, pp [4] D. Pastina, M. Bucciarelli, and P. Lombardo, "Multistatic and MIMO distributed ISAR for enhanced cross-range resolution of rotating targets," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 48, no. 8, pp , Aug [5] M. Martorella, F. Berizzi, and B. Haywood, "A contrast maximization based technique for 2D ISAR autofocusing," in IEE Proceedings-Radar, Sonar and Navigation, vol. 152, no. 4, pp , Aug [6],,,, ",", 29(8), pp , [/] : () : [ 주관심분야 ], [/] : ( ) : SUNY at Buffalo University () : SUNY at Buffalo University () : [ 주관심분야 ], UWB, RFID,, 131

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun; 26(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Jun; 26(6), 564571. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.6.564 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) 3-D Multiple-Input