THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 30(3),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 30(3), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) Analysis of Abnormal Path Loss in Jeju Coastal Area Using Duct Map 왕성식 임태흥 정영준 고민호 박용배 추호성 Sungsik Wang Tae-Heung Lim Young Jun Chong* Minho Go** Yong Bae Park*** Hosung Choo 요약 -,.,, ,, db, db db, db. Abstract This study analyzes the propagation of the path losses between Jeju-do and Jin-do transceivers located in the coastal areas of Korea using the Advanced Refractive Prediction System(AREPS) simulation software based on the actual coastal weather database. The simulated data is used to construct a duct map according to the altitude and thickness of the trap. The duct map is then divided into several regions depending on the altitude parameters of Tx and Rx, which can be used to effectively estimate the abnormal wave propagation characteristics due to duct occurrence in the Jeju-do coastal area. To validate the proposed duct map, two representative atmospheric index samples of the weather database in May 2018 are selected, and the simulated path losses using these atmospheric indices are compared with the measured data. The simulated path losses for abnormal conditions at the Rx point at Jeju-do are db and db, respectively, which are in good agreement with the measured data of db and db, respectively. Key words: Jeju Coastal Area, Duct, Propagation Interference, Refractive Index, Trilinear Modeling. 서론 2018 ( ), (No ,.. (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University) * (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ** ( )(Hanwha Systems Co., Ltd.) *** (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University) Manuscript received January 22, 2019 ; Revised March 12, 2019 ; Accepted March 18, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Hosung Choo ( hschoo@hongik.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 223

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 3, Mar ,, [1].,, [2].,,,, [3].,,,, [4]. (path loss), (propagation factor)., 1 km [5]. [6].,,,, [7].,,,., trilinear model., AREPS(Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System) DTED(Digital Terrain Elevation Data),.. 본론,. [4],,.,. 1 trilinear model. h 1 그림 1. trilinear model Fig. 1. Duct trilinear modeling for the conventional modified refractive indices. 224

$,,, 2018 5 9 (Case A) 2018 5 16 (Case B). 4 Case A Case B. Case A, 260 m, Case B. 5 6 Case A Case B 그림 2. Fig. 2. The proposed duct map for the various duct types. 그림 4. Case A Case B Fig. 4. The modified refractive indices for Case A and Case B.$

3 , h 2. trilinear,.. 2. h 1 h 2 h rx, h tx h 1, h , 71 m, 479 m. 132 km, 2.58 GHz AREPS. (Rx in duct), (Tx in duct) , 71 %, 21 % 그림 3. - Fig. 3. The duct map including the Jeju-Jindo coastal area.,,, (Case A) (Case B). 4 Case A Case B. Case A, 260 m, Case B. 5 6 Case A Case B 그림 2. Fig. 2. The proposed duct map for the various duct types. 그림 4. Case A Case B Fig. 4. The modified refractive indices for Case A and Case B. 225

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 3, Mar. 2019. AREPS. Case A,,. Case B. 7

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 3, Mar AREPS. Case A,,. Case B AREPS -. Case A 그림 7. Fig. 7. The comparison between the measured and simulated results for the path losses. Case B db, db db, db.. 결론 그림 5. Case A Fig. 5. The simulated result of the path loss for Case A., , db, db db, db. References 그림 6. Case B Fig. 6. The simulated result of the path loss for Case B. [1] J. Y. Kim, D. W. Chun, C. J. Ryu, and H. Y. Lee, "Optimization methodology of multiple air hole effects in substrate integrated waveguide applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 18, no. 3, pp , Jul [2] H. G. Jeon, S. M. Shin, T. Hwang, and C. E. Kang, "Re- 226

$Pechac, "The influence of horizontally variable refractive index height profile on radio horizon range," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 4, pp. 489-491, Dec. 2005. [4] C. Kim, Y.$ $[5] M. Wagner, P. Gerstoft, and T. Rogers, "Estimating refractivity from propagation loss in turbulent media," Radio Science, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 1876-1894, Nov. 2016. [6] A. Karimian, C. Yardim, P.$ $Gerstoft, W. S. Hodgkiss, and A. E. Barrios, "Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review," Radio Science, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1-16, Dec. 2011. [7] J. Pozderac, J. Johnson, C.$ 2545-2556, Mar. 2018.

5 verse link capacity analysis of a CDMA cellular system with mixed cell sizes," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 49, no. 6, pp , Nov [3] P. Valtr, P. Pechac, "The influence of horizontally variable refractive index height profile on radio horizon range," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 4, pp , Dec [4] C. Kim, Y. B. Park, "Prediction of electromagnetic wave propagation in space environments based on geometrical optics," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 17, no. 3, pp , Jul [5] M. Wagner, P. Gerstoft, and T. Rogers, "Estimating refractivity from propagation loss in turbulent media," Radio Science, vol. 51, no. 12, pp , Nov [6] A. Karimian, C. Yardim, P. Gerstoft, W. S. Hodgkiss, and A. E. Barrios, "Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review," Radio Science, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1-16, Dec [7] J. Pozderac, J. Johnson, C. Yardim, C. Merrill, T. Paolo, and E. Terrill, et al., "X-band beacon-receiver array evaporation duct height estimation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 66, no. 5, pp , Mar [ / ] : ( ) : ( : [ 주관심분야 ], GPS,, Propagation, Optimization, Passive Radar [ / ] : ( ) : ( : ( 1994 :, PL : RF : : [ 주관심분야 ] RF Circuit and System, Spectrum Engineering(Radio Interference, Propagation Modeling) Mobile Communication [ / ] : ( : ( : : [ 주관심분야 ], TMA, GPS, Antenna Propagation [ / ] : ( : : [ 주관심분야 ], MMIC/RFIC, 227

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6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 3, Mar [ / ] : ( : ( : ( : KT : [ 주관심분야 ], EMI/EMC [ / ] : ( ) : University of Texas at Austin ( : University of Texas at Austin ( : [ 주관심분야 ],, 228

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method