THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 28(2),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 28(2), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) PT- Doppler Profile Extraction to Air-Breathing Targets with PT-Waveform Received Signal and Target Tracking Information on a Ground Radar 오현석 김수근 Hyun-Seok OhSoo-Geun Kim 요약 (signature). (pulse train), (aspect angle).,,.,. Abstract This paper has been shown for the extraction of Doppler signature from the radar signal for an air-breathing targets tracked in the ground radar. For the extractions, a Doppler resolution is confirmed from mathematical modeling of PT(pulse train) waveform. Doppler signatures of air-breathing target are varied to radar aspect angle of engine and are determined from physical parameter of jet engine. To confirm such Doppler signatures, the radar signal reflected from the air-breathing target is obtained by our radar signal storage. After this extraction, radar aspect angle of engine has estimated from tracking information. Relative differences of Doppler signatures to radar aspect angle of engine is verified from these results and Doppler profiles for radar target identification appliance are presented. Key words: Radar Signal, Doppler Signature, Pulse Train. 서론 PT [1],[2].. (DS: Doppler Spread) (JEM Jet Engine Modulation),,,. (Agency for Defense Development) Manuscript received November 21, 2016 ; Revised January 9, 2017 ; Accepted February 17, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Hyun-Seok Oh ( ohs1231@naver.com) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 129

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb , (target recognition) [2]. [3],[4]. JEM [5] JEM [6],.. PT. JEM DS,,.. PT 파형에의한항공기도플러형상 2-1 레이다 PT 파형의도플러특성. PT. PT 1, ( ), ( ), (), PT ( ). PT [1]. PT 1 (1), (2), PT 표 1. PT Table 1. PT waveform parameters available at ground radar usec < % - > GHz. PT sin sin sin sin (1). (1) sinc, 2 ( ) ()/(+) sinc. ( ) (2).. (2) PT ± [1], (3). ( ) () (+), 1 sinc. sin sin sin sin (3) 130

3 PT- Normalized Amplitude Normalized Amplitude duty ratio=1% duty ratio=10% duty ratio=20% velocity[km/s] (a) (a) Spectrum to duty ratio # pulse=100 # pulse=300 # pulse= velocity[m/s] (b) (b) Spectrum to pulse number 1 1 PT. 1(a) m/s () 10 %. 1(b) ( ). 300, 1(a), (b) 1 PT 800 m/s. 1(c) 0. PT (±) m/s, 600 m/s (Mach 2) PT. 300 m/s () x (), 1 sinc., 600 m/s () x (+). 1, m/s,. PT PT. 2-2 제트엔진을갖는항공기도플러형상 (c) (c) Spectrum to velocity 그림 1. PT Fig. 1. Velocity spectrum analysis of PT waveform for parameter variation (a) (high-bypass) [7]. 131

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017.

blades 그림 2. Fig. 2. Physical configuration of jet engine., 2, 3. 2(a). 2(b) /, -..,. JEM, 3(a).

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb (a) [7] (a) Hi-bypass turbofan engine [7] z (a) JEM (a) JEM by fan blade 팬블레이드 x y 허브 빈공간 (b) (b) Cross section on blades 그림 2. Fig. 2. Physical configuration of jet engine., 2, 3. 2(a). 2(b) /, -..,. JEM, 3(a). (b) DS (b) DS by turning cylindrical structure 그림 3. Fig. 3. Velocity spectrum of Doppler modulation. JEM [2] (4). sin (4) (4) (envelop). 1 ( ). (4) 132

5 PT-. (4) sinc n /. (4). (). (RPM) (5). ± Hz ± Hz (5) 2(a) RP M JEM (a). RP M ( ), ± JEM,., ± ± JEM. 2(b)., [8]. 3(b),, DS. (7) ( ) ( ) 표 2. JEM Table 2. Frequency sapcing in the JEM spectrum. Stage Blade RPM Frequency 1 ± 2 ± ± ±,. [2],. m ax ± Hz (6) , RCS PW [9], 3.,.. (5) (6) , 4. JEM. 표 (PW ) [9] Table 3. Information for the jet engine of B Manufacture SHAFT rotation(max.) Pratt & Whitney 10,850 RPM # of fan 22 Fan length 61 inch(1.4 m) Rotation CCW 133

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb 표 Table 4. Theoretical Doppler modulation value to B JEM DS (Max) 71 m/s 250 m/s,.. 레이다도플러형상추출및분석 3-1 수신신호저장장치를이용한도플러형상추출 4 [10]. RF IF. IF - I/Q. [11] I/Q,. (DDCM) I/Q.. S/W., I/Q. I/Q PT,, S/W PT. 5 PT. R-V, (V), (R)., 그림 4. [10] Fig. 4. Simplified radar-received-signal storage structure in the radar. PT [1] 1.5 km. 3 m/s. 3-2 추적정보를이용한측각계산 (a) (a) Processing result (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 5. PT Fig. 5. PT signal processing result to the real air breathing target received signal. 134

7 PT-., PT. 180, 0. 6(a) , (8). (a) ( ) (a) Aspect angle cos (7). (b) (b) Aspect angle to tracking time cos (8), (10). cos (9) 200 m 360 PT. B , (10) 6(b). 6(c). 200 m/s (c) (c) Tracking target radial velocity 그림 6. Fig. 6. Aspect angle and velocity of radar for the air breathing target., 0 m/s +250 m/s m/s , (b), (c) 135

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb PT. 3-3 도플러형상추출결과 7. DS 0 JEM. 5 7 (A, B, C, D). A, B DS, C, D JEM. DS, JEM 3 (peak). DS 5 A, B m/s, m/s 4 (±250 m/s), DS. 5 C, D JEM () 71 m/s, 74 m/s 4. 8(a) DS A PT, (R: 1.16 km) (V: m/s) 8(b). 표 5. 8 (A, B, C, D) Table 5. Value of Doppler signature from Fig. 8 at time A, B, C, D. /2 JEM ( ) A DS m/s - B DS m/s - C JEM m/s D JEM m/s A: tick, B: tick, C: tick, D: tick. (a) (a) Processing result (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 ( 5- A) Fig. 8. Doppler signature at aspect angle 53.5 (Table 5-A). 그림 7. Fig. 7. Doppler signature of tracking aircraft by radar signal process.. [11] CFAR 2 DS. 9 JEM C. 136

9 PT- (a) (a) Processing result 그림 10. Fig. 10. Doppler profile to the aspect angle from the civil aircraft. (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 ( 5- C) Fig. 9. Doppler signature at aspect angle (Table 5-C). JEM (R: 0.82 km) (V: m/s) peak, DS, JEM., DS JEM. 3-4 측각에대한도플러프로파일 7. ( ) 7., DS JEM. 6(b) 7. JEM DS, 0, JEM DS (Relative Doppler Velocity) 10. DS JEM, 10., DS, (6) [12] JEM 0. JEM DS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017..,.. 결론.,. References [1] M. I. Skolink, Introduction to Radar System, McGraw Hill, 2001. [2] P.

Grubbs, "JEM modeling and measurement for radar target identification", IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 73-87, 1993. [4] V. C.

10 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb ,.. 결론.,. References [1] M. I. Skolink, Introduction to Radar System, McGraw Hill, [2] P. Tait, Introduction to Target Radar Recognition, The Institution of Electrical Engineering, [3] M. R. Bell, R. A. Grubbs, "JEM modeling and measurement for radar target identification", IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, no. 1, pp , [4] V. C. Chen, The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar, Artech house, [5] H. Lim, J. H. Yoo, C. H. Kim, K. I. Kwon, and N. H. Myung, "Radar cross section measurements of a realistic jet engine structure with rotating parts", Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Application, vol. 25, pp , [6],,, "T-103 JEM ", -TC, 45(10), pp , [7], 5,, [8] C. W. Chuang, "Backscatter of a large conducting cylinder of arbitrary cross section", IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, vol. AP-27, no. 1, Jan [9] Pratt & Whitney, Type certificate data sheet EM2004T03, Sep [10] 3, " IQ ",, [11],,,,,,,,, "3 ",, 22 (12), pp , [12] GKN Aerospace, PW-4000 fan blade 100, : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : : [ 주관심분야 ], : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ], 138

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta