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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Apr.; 28(4), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) A Study on Slot Coupled Capacitor Resonator for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring in Earlobe 윤기호 Gi-Ho Yun 요약,. (inductive slot). (phantom box).. 3 (0, 250, 500 mg/dl), (S 11). 100 Q, 900 MHz 250 mg/dl 9 MHz. Abstract In this paper, the resonator with a parallel plate capacitor is newly proposed around sub-microwave frequency band and applied to earlobe for non-invasive glucose monitoring the human biological tissue. The capacitor including the earlobe as dielectric material is connected to inductive slot in the ground plane of the microstrip line. Based on the simulation, one port resonator circuit is designed and fabricated as a prototype. Three step glucose concentration levels(0, 250, 500 mg/dl) was tested, and its reflection coefficients(s 11) were measured. Owing to high Q resonator more than 100, resonant frequency shift of about 9 MHz per glucose level of 250 mg/dl has been successfully measured. This proves that the proposed sensor is applicable to a blood glucose sensor. Key words: Slot Resonator, Glucose, Sensor, Parallel Plate Capacitor. 서론 (near field), [1] [4] mg/dl.,.., Q(quality factor) (Division of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyul University) Manuscript received February 15, 2017 ; Revised March 15, 2017 ; Accepted April 6, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Gi-Ho Yun ( ghyun@sungkyul.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 279

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr. 2017.. (planar resonator) (radiator) [2] [4].., (conductivity). X-band 15 [s/m].

(earlobe) (phantom) (inductive), (a) (a) Proposed resonator configuration with phantom box (b) (b) Detailed side view for the resonator coupled with microstrip line and for the

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr (planar resonator) (radiator) [2] [4].., (conductivity). X-band 15 [s/m]., 1 GHz 1.5 [s/m] [4],[5].,. (inductive) (slot) DGS (Defected Ground Structure). Q.. ISM 915 MHz., 0 mg/ml, (0, 250, 500 mg/dl).. 공진기설계 1(a) (port). (earlobe) (phantom) (inductive), (a) (a) Proposed resonator configuration with phantom box (b) (b) Detailed side view for the resonator coupled with microstrip line and for the phantom box 그림 1. Fig. 1. Detailed side view and configuration of the proposed sensor. (microstrip line, M-strip line) DGS. (magnetic coupling). 1(a) (port) (short), (g 2) ( L 1, g 1 ). 4 mm (strip) (r) 6 mm., 280

3 DGS. 1(b)., (air), (h 0 ). Q, (h 0) (K) Q. (h 1 ) 1.2 mm 2 (acrylic supporter) PCB., 0.2 mm (acrylic container),., (g 1 ) 2 mm, L 1.., [6]. (permittivity) [7]. 2 (phantom). [6] mm 3, 5 mm 2.6 mm, 0.8 mm.,.,. (port) 2(a). L m. L t (a) (port) (a) One port equivalent circuit of the resonator (b) (b) Equivalent circuit of the capacitor considering dielectric properties of earlobe 그림 2. Fig. 2. Simplified equivalent circuit of the proposed resonator. (g 2 ).. (L s) 1(b) (g 1) (L 1 )., (K) (h 0 ). A B (C s ), (conductivity) (conductance, G s). 2(b). C b C f, G b G f. [4],[8], (fat). 0 mg/dl 500 mg/dl (C s ) (1) 281

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr (1) C s0 0 mg/dl, ΔC s. (C b ). 2(b) (G s, G b, G f )., (C f ). 2(a) (2). (2)., 2(a) (transformer) 2 DGS., L m L t 1. (3) L s C s. (1)., (K)., (g 2 ).., 0 mg/dl (1) C s0., (3) ( ) (L s ) (3) (g 1 ) (L 1 ), (g 1 ) 2 mm, (L 1) 1 GHz., (L t ) (K) (port) (S 11 ) Q. Q DGS.. 시뮬레이션및측정결과 DGS (port). 1(a) [4],[8]. 1, 3 (0, 250, 500 mg/ dl) 63, 60, 57. Ansoft HFSS 0 mg/dl, 1 GHz (S 11). 2, 표 1. Table 1. Dielectric properties of the phantom box. Tissue type 0 mg/dl concentrations Conductivity (siemens/m) Fat Blood 표 2. Table 2. Dimensions of the designed resonator. Slot Width Length Coupling distance Conductive plate height Microstrip inductive line Parameter g 1 L 1 h 0 h 1 h 2 g 0 g 2 Value(mm)

(a) (a) Photo of the fabricated prototype 그림 3. Fig. 3. Electric field distribution in earlobe phantom box.. 0.79 mm Arlon Cuclad 250T.

(b) (S 11) (b) Simulations and measurements of reflection coefficient 그림 4.

5 (a) (a) Photo of the fabricated prototype 그림 3. Fig. 3. Electric field distribution in earlobe phantom box mm Arlon Cuclad 250T., 0 mg/dl 885 MHz, 250 mg/dl 894 MHz 9 MHz, 500 mg/dl 900 MHz 6 MHz.. 4(b)., 3.,.,, DGS., (planar resonator) (sensing). [3],[4]. (powdered dextrose). (b) (S 11) (b) Simulations and measurements of reflection coefficient 그림 4., Fig. 4. Photo of the fabricated prototype, simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficient(s 11)., (pig). 4(a) mm 2, ( 6 mm). (port) (S 11 ). (23 ) 3 (0 mg/dl, 250 mg/ dl, 500 mg/dl) (S 11 ), 4(b). R&S ZVL. 4(b).. 42 MHz 283

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 4, Apr [3],[6] 1 (fat),., Q 100, DGS [9].., 0 mg/dl 927 MHz, 250 mg/dl 936 MHz, 500 mg/dl 945 MHz. 250 mg/dl 900 MHz 9 MHz... 결론 (non-invasive). Q DGS, (0 mg/dl, 250 mg/dl, 500 mg/dl). (phantom). 915 MHz ISM 100 Q 250 mg/dl 9 MHz.,. References [1], " ", (Journal of IKEEE), 11(4), pp , [2] B. Jean, E. Green, and M. McClung, "A microwave frequency sensor for non-invasive blood-glucose measurement", IEEE Sensors Appl. Symposium(SAS), Atlanta, GA, pp. 4-7, Feb [3] B. Freer, J. Venkataraman, "Feasibility study for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring", Proceedings of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium(APSURSI 10), Toronto, Canada, pp. 1-4, Jul [4] T. Yilmaz, R. Foster, and Y. Hao, "Broadband tissue mimicking phantoms and a patch resonator for evaluating noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose levels", IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, pp , [5] S. Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel "The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 41, [6] G. L. Hackney, "Plastic surgery of the ear", Selected Reading in Plastic Surgery, vol. 16, pp. 1-30, [7] O. G. Martinsen, S. Grimnes,, and H. P. Schwan, "Interface phenomena and dielectric properties of biological tissue", In Ency Surface and Colloid Science, Marcel Dekker Inc., pp , [8] E. Topsakal, T. Karacolak,, and E. Moreland, "Glucosedependent dielectric properties of blood plasma", in Proceedings of the 30th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-4, Aug [9] C. J. Wang, C. S. Lin, "Compact DGS resonator with improvement of Q-factor", Electronic Letters, vol. 44, no. 15, Jul

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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method