THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Aug.; 30(8),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Aug.; 30(8), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) Analysis of Electrical Disturbances from Vehicle Load Dump Transient Pulse 윤현복 나완수 Hyunbok YunWansoo Nah 요약 ISO Alternator, Alternator.,.,.,,.. Abstract In this study, we propose both a methodology and a model for predicting the output signal obtained by applying ISO load dump pulses to a vehicle and vehicle components. Vehicle load dump pulses transiently occur in the event of a discharged battery being disconnected while the alternator is generating a charging current, with other loads remaining on the alternator circuit. In such cases, this current instantaneously flows into the other electrical component connected through the power line of the alternator. As such a vehicle load dump transient pulse is a signal having a large amount of energy, it is necessary to take precautionary measures at the development stage with respect to the main factors causing malfunctions of the electrical equipment. To do this, we have designed an equivalent circuit of the load dump pulse generator and simulated virtual loads using software with an analysis function to predict the pulse signal applied to the load. The simulated results for an automobile washer motor were compared with actual experimental results obtained through the actual load dump pulse generator; the maximum voltage, rise time, and pulse width were predicted when the load dump pulse was applied. This paper shows that it is possible to establish countermeasures for electrical disturbances from the vehicle load dump transient pulse in the actual product development and research stage. Key words: EMC, Load Dump, Immunity Test, Automotive Transient, Surge (School of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University) Manuscript received July 18, 2019 ; Revised August 21, 2019 ; Accepted August 26, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Wansoo Nah ( wsnah@skku.edu) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 629

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug 서론 10,, ECU(Electronic Control Unit), 5G,..,, EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility)., ISO [1]. Alternator, Alternator [2]. (Surge), Alternator.,, ECU,,.,,.. 로드덤프펄스분석 2-1 로드덤프펄스과도현상정의 ISO [2]. 2 [1]. t, U, t d, t r, U A DC, U s. 그림 1.. 1:, 2:, 3:, 4: Fig. 1. Circuit diagram for load dump pulse. 1: defective connection, 2: alternator, 3: DUT, 4: battery. 그림 2.. t:, U:, t d :, t r :, U A :, U s : Fig. 2. Load dump pulse. t: time, U: test voltage, t d : duration of pulse, t r : rising slop, U A : supply voltage for generator in operation, U s : supply voltage. 630

1. 12 V 24 V Table 1. Pulse for load dump in a system with 12 V and 24 V nominal voltage (ISO16750-2). Parameter U N =12 V Type of system U N =24 V U s [V] 79 U s 101 151 U s 202 R i [] 0.

3 1. 12 V 24 V Table 1. Pulse for load dump in a system with 12 V and 24 V nominal voltage (ISO ). Parameter U N =12 V Type of system U N =24 V U s [V] 79 U s U s 202 R i [] 0.5 R i 4 1 R i 8 t d [ms] 40 t d t d 350 t r [ms] 10 (0, 5) 10 (0, 5) Minimum test requirement 10 pulses at 1 min intervals 1 [1]. 1, 12 V 24 V. 12 V, U s 79 V 101 V. 2 U s U A, U A U s. 40 ms 400 ms, 10 ms 5 ms, 로드덤프펄스발생기의신호측정 ISO ,,,. TESEQ NSG 5500, ms, 10 ms, 13.5 V, 87 V, 2 Ω, 3. 3, 그림 3. Fig. 3. Measured load dump pulse signal with no load condition V, 400 ms, 10.6 ms, ISO ,. Matlab, 1 Ohm 1,265.6 J, 400 ms 3,164 Watt,,.. 로드덤프펄스발생기모델링 3-1 로드덤프펄스발생기등가회로 RC. 631

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug , 400 ms RC. 5 b u(t) (1), U 0 t=0. 그림 4. Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit of a load dump pulse generator.. 4 [3]. C w, SW. IGBT. C w R w t d. R r C r t r.. 5 [3]. C w a b C w, 0.1U s U 0 10 %, (2). (2) (1) (2), t d (3). (3) (3) C w R w ms., 6 [3]. t r 10 % 90 %. R r C r 10 ms RC. 6 On u(t). (1) 그림 5. Fig. 5. Partial circuit for determining the pulse width. 그림 6. Fig. 6. Partial circuit for determining the rise time. 632

5 (4) (4) 6 (5). (5) U o 10 % 90 %, (6). (6) (5) (6), t r (7). (7) (7) C r R r ms. 3-2 로드덤프펄스발생기등가회로모델링 , 3-1 ANSYS Simplorer RC 그림 7. Fig. 7. Pulse shaping network simulation schematic.,. PS1 105 V, C w 50 mf, R w 3.45 ohm, C r 5 mf, R r 0.87 ohm. 3-1 (3) (7) ISO V, 7.5 ms, 467 ms V. 9. 7,. PS1 105 V, C w 45 mf, R w 3 ohm, C r 그림 8. Fig. 8. Pulse shaping network simulation results. 633

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019.

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug (a) (a) Pulse shaping network (a) (a) Coupling method of the load dump pulse with the battery voltage (b) (b) Coupled with battery 그림 9. Fig. 9. Virtual load and battery power connection simulation schematic. (b) U A (b) Load dump pulse coupled to operating voltage U A 그림 10. Fig. 10. Coupling method of the load dump pulse signal with the battery power. 5.3 mf, R r 1.2 ohm, Battery 14.5 V. R i, 2 ohm ISO [1],, 2 ohm V 10 [3]. (+) () V.. 로드덤프펄스발생기모델링의유효성 4-1 저항소자를이용한유효성검증 3. 2, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ohm ,, , 10 %. 2 ohm.,, ohm. (10 ohm ). 2 ohm, 634

. 13 2. 3 C w. 2, 100 ohm 0.83 ms 8.1 %. 10 ms,. 14. 그림 11. Fig. 11. Experimental configuration for validation of modeling. 그림 12. Fig. 12. Resistance element for the experiment. 표 2.

8 82.8474 10.7 30 96 86.8106 9.6 50 98.4 90.2585 8.3 100 100 93.0535 6.9 그림 13. Fig. 13. Comparison graph of peak voltage. 표 3. : Table 3. Results of validation test: Rise time.

7 C w. 2, 100 ohm 0.83 ms 8.1 %. 10 ms,. 14. 그림 11. Fig. 11. Experimental configuration for validation of modeling. 그림 12. Fig. 12. Resistance element for the experiment. 표 2. : Table 2. Results of validation test: Peak voltage. Resistance [ohm] Peak voltage [V] Experimental Peak voltage [V] Simulation Error [%] 그림 13. Fig. 13. Comparison graph of peak voltage. 표 3. : Table 3. Results of validation test: Rise time. Resistance [ohm] Rise time [ms] Experimental Rise time [ms] Simulation Error [%]

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019. 그림 14. Fig. 14. Comparison graph of rise time. 400 ms 40, 3. 2 ohm 5.4 % 3, 100 ohm 1.5 %. 15 4.

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug 그림 14. Fig. 14. Comparison graph of rise time. 400 ms 40, 3. 2 ohm 5.4 % 3, 100 ohm 1.5 % 실제자동차부품을이용한실험 4-1 그림 15. Fig. 15. Comparison graph of pulse width.,. DC., V, 7.4 ms, 444 ms.,. 2 ohm DC. 18 DC. 표 4. : Table 4. Results of validation test: Pulse width. Resistance [ohm] Pulse width [ms] Pulse width [ms] Error Experimental Simulation [%] 그림 16. Fig. 16. Washer motor. 636

그림 18. Fig. 18. Equivalent circuit of washer motor.

(b) Expand signal for the rise time confirmation 그림 17. Fig.

그림 19. LCR Fig. 19. Measurement of impedance with LCR meter.

9 그림 18. Fig. 18. Equivalent circuit of washer motor. (a) (a) Entire signal for the pulse width confirmation (b) (b) Expand signal for the rise time confirmation 그림 17. Fig. 17. Load dump pulse of washer motor.. LCR,., DC 12 ohm. 그림 19. LCR Fig. 19. Measurement of impedance with LCR meter. 19 LCR 1.77 ohm mh., V, ms, ms 17 7 %. 637

10 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug 그림 20. Fig. 20. Washer motor simulation results. 표 5. Table 5. Comparison of washer motor experiment and modeling simulation. Parameter Peak voltage [V] Rise time [ms] Pulse width [ms] Experimental washer motor Simulation Experimentalsimulation Error % % % J Watt, J Watt 5 %.. 결론 EMC.,,..,., Load dump pulse,.,.,., (varistor) TVS (transient voltage suppressor zener diode),. ( ).,,,,. References [1] Road Vehicles - Environmental Conditions and Testing for Electrical and Electronic Equipment - Part 2: Electrical Loads, ISO th ed

[2] Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling - Part 2: Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only, ISO 7637-2 Standard 2nd ed. 2004.

11 [2] Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling - Part 2: Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only, ISO Standard 2nd ed [3] TESEQ, Introduction ISO 7637 and variants full [4] TESEQ, FLX 5510 user manual English. FLX_5510.pdf [5] J. M. Woo, M. N. Ju, H. S. Lee, S. M. Kang, S. K. Choi, and J. B. Lee, "Vulnerability case analysis of the high power electromagnetic pulse on digital control system," The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 28, no. 9, pp , Sep [()/] : () : () : [ 주관심분야 ] RF, EMI/EMC, ESD, Transient, Near Field Scan [/] : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : SSCL Guest Collaborator : 1995: [ 주관심분야 ] SI, PI, EMI/EMC 639

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS