THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 27(9),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 27(9), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) GPS Design of Dual-Band GPS Antenna Using a Single-Layer Coupled-Feed Structure 허준 변강일 추호성 계영철 Jun Hur Gangil Byun* Hosung Choo Youngchul Kay 요약 GPS.,.., 3 db, 2 db CRPA. Abstract In this paper, we propose a dual-band GPS antenna using a single-layer coupled-feed structure for improvement of isolation and design complexity. The proposed antenna consists of a central feed patch and outer dual loops, and the loops are electromagnetically fed by the feed patch to induce currents. This feeding network can improve the isolation between antenna elements arranged in small arrays because the magnetic field strength near the antenna is minimized by confining the fields around the dual loops. The isolation characteristics of the proposed antenna are compared with those of the conventional multi-layer patch antenna, and the average field strength and the isolation are improved by 3 db and 2 db, respectively, which verifies that the antenna is suitable for small CRPA arrays. Key words: GPS Array, CRPA Array, Coupled Feed, Isolation. 서론 CRPA(Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna) null [1] [3]. CRPA This research was supported by Civil Military Technology Cooperation(CMTC) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(no. 2015R1A6A1A ).. (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University) * (Research Institute of Science and Technology, Hongik University) Manuscript received January 8, 2016 ; Revised March 4, 2016 ; Accepted August 31, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Youngchul Kay ( hschoo@hongik.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 775

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep. 2016.,. [4] [6].

GPS 그림 1. Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna.., (w g ) 40 mm, (h) 10.9 mm (Taconic, ε r =10, tanδ=0.

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep ,. [4] [6].,, [7],[8], CRPA. GPS CRPA, [9], [10],[11]. PCB,. GPS.,.,,.,.,,,.,, CRPA.. 안테나형상 1 GPS 그림 1. Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna.., (w g ) 40 mm, (h) 10.9 mm (Taconic, ε r =10, tanδ=0.0035). (w 1 ) GPS L1 λ g /4, (f x, f y ). w 2 w 3, GPS L1 L2. t 1, t 2, (g 1 ), (g 2 ). FEKO EM simulator [12], 1.. 안테나측정및분석 2,. 3., 776

GPS 표 1. Table 1. Design parameters of the proposed antenna. Parameters Optimized value(mm) w 1 16 w 2 3.9 w 3 0.9 w g 40 g 1 1.2 g 2 1.0 t 1 8.5 t 2 10.2 h 10.9 f x 0 f y 7 그림 3. Fig. 3. Reflection coefficients of the proposed antenna.

3 GPS 표 1. Table 1. Design parameters of the proposed antenna. Parameters Optimized value(mm) w 1 16 w w w g 40 g g t t h 10.9 f x 0 f y 7 그림 3. Fig. 3. Reflection coefficients of the proposed antenna. 그림 2. Fig. 2. Photographs of the fabricated antenna GHz 13 db, GHz 9.1 db,., 0.2 db.. 4,, + (semi) (full) GHz 5 dbic, GHz 3 dbic 그림 4. Fig. 4. Bore-sight gain of the proposed antenna., 4.1 dbic(1.575 GHz), 2 dbic(1.227 GHz)., (cross polarization level) GHz 10.5 db, 1.25 GHz 14.8 db. 5, db(1.575 GHz), 1.9 db(1.227 GHz) 777

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep. 2016. 그림 5. Fig. 5. Axial ratio of the proposed antenna.

6(b) L2, L2 x=±9.5 mm 179.8 A/m. 7 z-y FEKO EM simulator. (GPS L2) (GPS L1) [4], 40 40 7.8 mm 2. GPS L1/L2, 27.9 mm, 33.2 mm.,., x=±20 mm 1.

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep 그림 5. Fig. 5. Axial ratio of the proposed antenna. (a) GPS L1 (a) GPS L1 band, 3.8 db (1.575 GHz), 5 db(1.25 GHz). 6(a) 6(b) GHz GHz z-y. y z 0.5 mm (a) L1, L1, L1 x=±8.5 mm A/m. 6(b) L2, L2 x=±9.5 mm A/m. 7 z-y FEKO EM simulator. (GPS L2) (GPS L1) [4], mm 2. GPS L1/L2, 27.9 mm, 33.2 mm.,., x=±20 mm GHz 2 db, (b) GPS L2 (b) GPS L2 band 그림 6. z-y Fig. 6. H-field distributions in z-y plane according to frequency GHz 4.8 db., (D). 8, D 0 mm 15 mm 1 mm (GPS L1/L2). 778

5 GPS (a) GPS L1 (a) GPS L1 band 그림 8. Fig. 8. Variations of the coupling according to distance. (b) GPS L2 (b) GPS L2 band 그림 7. Fig. 7. Variations of H-field strengths in proximity of the antenna. 15 mm, 10 mm 2 db. 9 3, 2D 10. Ant.1. 그림 9. 3 Fig. 9. Bore-sight gain of the 3-element array.,. 120 mm 120, 36 mm 60 mm(0.9 λ)., 0.5 dbic, 0.7 dbic, 4.5 db, 3.7 db, 1 dbic.. 결론 779

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep (a) zx-plane(1.575 GHz) (b) zy-plane(1.575 GHz) (c) zx-plane(1.227 GHz) (d) zy-plane(1.227 GHz) 그림 D Fig D patterns of the 3-element array. GPS.,.,. (GPS L1/ L2) 4.1 dbic, 2 dbic, 3 db, 2 db. References [1] G. Byun, H. Choo, and S. Kim, "Improvement of pattern null depth and width using a curved array with two subarrays for CRPA systems", IEEE Trans. Antennas Pro- 780

GPS pag., vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2824-2827, Jun. 2015. [2] Y. D. Zhang, M. G. Amin, "Anti-jamming GPS receiver with reduced phase distortions", IEEE Trans. Signal Process, vol. 19, no. 10, pp.

7 GPS pag., vol. 63, no. 6, pp , Jun [2] Y. D. Zhang, M. G. Amin, "Anti-jamming GPS receiver with reduced phase distortions", IEEE Trans. Signal Process, vol. 19, no. 10, pp , Oct [3] J. R. Lambert, C. A. Balanis, and D. Decarlo, "Improvement of pattern null depth and width using a curved array with two subarrays for CRPA systems", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 2, pp , Feb [4] X. -F. Peng, S. -S. Zhong, S. -Q. Xu, and Q. Wu, "Compact dual-band GPS microstrip antenna", Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 44, no. 1, pp , Jan [5] C. -M. Su, K. -L. Wong, "A dual-band GPS microstrip antenna", Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 33, no. 4, pp , May, [6] D. M. Pozar, S. M. Duffy, "A dual-band circularly polarized aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antenna for global positioning satellite", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 11, pp , Nov [7] S. -Y. Lin, K. -C. Huang, "A compact microstrip antenna for GPS and DCS applicarion", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 3, pp , Mar [8] L. Boccia, G. Amendola, and G. D. Massa, "Performance evaluation of shorted annular patch antennas for highprecision GPS systems", IET Microw. Anteannas Propag., vol. 1, no. 2, pp , Apr [9] P. Ngamjanyaporn, C. Phongcharoenpanich, P. Akkaraekthalin, and M. Krairiksh "Signal-to-interference ratio improvement by using a phased array antenna of switched-beam elements", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 5, pp , May [10] Y. -S. Wang, S. -J. Chung, "A miniature quadrifilar helix antenna for global positioning satellite reception", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 12, pp , Dec [11] G. Byun, H. Choo, and S. Kim, "Design of a dual-band quadrifilar helix antenna using stepped-width arms", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 4, pp , Jan [12] FEKO Suite 7.0, EM Software and Systems, 2014 [Online]. Available: : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ], : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ],,, 781

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8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 9, Sep : ( ) : University of Texas at Austin ( ) : University of Texas at Austin ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ],, RFID : ( ) : ( ) : University of Southern California, Electrical Engineering ( ) ~ : [ 주관심분야 ],, RFID 782

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method