한수지 49(6), , 2016 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6), ,2016 자연산과양식산동자개 (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) 의시기에따른영양성분변화 임치원 김민아 계현진 윤나영

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1 한수지 49(6), , 2016 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6), ,2016 자연산과양식산동자개 (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) 의시기에따른영양성분변화 임치원 김민아 계현진 윤나영 송미영 1 심길보 * 국립수산과학원식품위생가공과, 1 국립수산과학원중앙내수면연구소 Seasonal Variation in the Nutritional Composition of the Muscle of Wild and Cultured Korean Bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Chi Woon Lim, Min A Kim, Hyun Jin Gye, Na Young Yoon, Mi Young Song 1 and Kil Bo Shim* Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea 1 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gapyeong 12453, Korea We evaluated seasonal variations in the proximate, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content of the muscles of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. The wild and cultured samples showed a significantly higher proportion of crude lipids than other components. Crude lipid content was highest in May in wild fish but lowest in May in cultured fish. We found no significant difference between wild and cultured samples in terms of fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as n-6/n-3, were higher in the muscles of wild fish compared with those of cultured fish. However, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) levels were higher in cultured fish. Both wild and cultured fish were good sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA). In wild fish, the Mg and Zn contents were highest in August, while the Ca, P, Na, K, Fe, and Cu contents were highest in May. However, the mineral content of the cultured fish did not exhibit significant seasonal variation. Key words: Korean bullhead, Proximate composition, Fatty acid, Amino acid, Minerals 서론,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Kim, 2008)..,,,,,,,, (Lee, 2009). 20.8% 19.0% 2,,,,,,,,, (Lee and Yoo, 2011).,..,,,,., (Gye et al., 2015), Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) , December 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 13 October 2016; Revised 16 November 2016; Accepted 29 November 2016 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: kilbo1221@korea.kr Copyright 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 779 pissn: , eissn:

2 780 임치원ㆍ김민아ㆍ계현진ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ심길보 (Yang and Lee, 1983), (Choi et al., 1984), (Kim and Lee, 1986), (Park and Kim, 1996).. 재료및방법, (5 ), (8 ), (11 ). Table 1. 일반성분 AOAC (1995), Kjeldahl, Soxhlet,. 지방산조성 Bligh and Dyer (1959) 5 chloroform : methanol (2:1 v/v), 14% BF 3 -methanol methyl ester, gas chromatography (GC; Shimazu GC 2010 Plus, Shimazu, Tokyo, Japan). 총아미노산함량 200 mg 6 N HCl , ph ml 0.20 m membrane filter, (White et al., 1986). (Sykam DE/S-433D, Sykam, Eresing, Germany). 미네랄함량 1 g 65% (Suprapur grade, Merck, Darmstadt, Gremany) 10 ml ml. 2% (ADVANTEC No.5C, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP; Optima 3300XL, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). (MFDS, 2015). 통계처리, Duncan s multiple range test (P<0.05) (Steel and Torrie, 1980). 일반성분비교 결과및고찰 Table g/100 g g/100 g g/100 g g/100 g (P<0.05) g/100 g, g/100 g g/100 g, g/100 g., (P<0.05) g/100 g g/100 g (P<0.05), g/100 g g/100 g Table 1. The capture date and biological data of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Body weight (g) Body length (cm) May Aug. Nov. May Aug. Nov. Wild 82.5± ± ± ± ± ±32.1 Cultured 80.2± ± ± ± ± ±7.5

3 동자개의계절별영양성분변화 781 Table 2. The contents of proximate composition content (g/100 g) in muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Season Moisture Crude lipid Crude protein Ash Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured May 79±0.42 1,a 81.6±0.12 a 5.75±0.32 a 1.57±0.21 b 17.2±0.41 a 17.0±0.05 a 1.02±0.07 a 1.09±0.05 ab Aug. 77.7±0.30 a2 72±0.59 c 4.32±0.09 b 6.57±0.38 a 18.3±0.53 a 17.0±0.36 a 1.18±0.05 a 0.56±0.03 b Nov. 77.9±0.37 a 74.7±0.32 b 3.68±0.11 b 5.25±0.60 a 17.7±0.16 a 17.0±0.11 a 1.17±0.21 a 1.92±0.35 a 1 Mean±standard deviation. 2 Different superscripts within a same column are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range at P<0.05. (P<0.05) g/100 g, g/100 g g/100 g, g/100 g (P<0.05) g/100 g, g/100 g (P<0.05), g/100 g, g/100 g (P<0.05), g/100 g g/100 g g/100 g, g/100 g (P<0.05).,.., (Ackman and Takeuchi, 1986; Alasalvar et al., 2002; Fallah et al., 2011).,,.,,,,. (NFRDI, 2009), (81.6 g/100 g), (1.6 g/100 g), (15.7 g/100 g) (1.1 g/100 g),. 지방산조성비교 Table 3. palmitic acid (C16:0) oleic acid (C18:2n6). linoleic acid (C18:2n6), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3). 14 C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, DHA, EPA (Lee et al., 2011) %., palmitic acid (C16:0, 20.73%), oleic acid (C18:1n9, 35.61%), linoleic acid (C18:2n6, 3.40%), DHA (C22:6n3, 6.94%), EPA (C20:5n3, 2.45%) (Moon et al., 2012)., C18:0 7.12, 3.95%, C16:1, C18:1 5.52%, 33.8% 9.99%, 41.2%. C18:2 C18:3, C20:4, EPA. oleic acid. EPA. 총아미노산함량비교 leucine, lycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamic acid (Table 4) g/100 g, g/100 g,

4 782 임치원ㆍ김민아ㆍ계현진ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ심길보 Table 3. The comparison of fatty acid (%) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Fatty acid May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured C14: C16: C18: Saturated C16: C18: C20: Monoen C18:2n C18:3n C18:4n-3 ND C20:4n C20:5n-3(EPA) C22:6n-3(DHA) Polyen ND, not detected; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosa hexaenoic acid g/100 g, g/100 g,., , 0.7 (Iwasaki et al., 1985; Kang et al., 2010). Kim et al. (2014) g/100 g. Glutamic acid aspartic acid 2.40 g/100 g, 1.63 g/100 g. 미네랄함량비교 (Table 5). 100 g, mg, mg, mg, mg, mg, mg, mg, mg., mg/100 g, mg/100 g., mg/100 g, mg/100 g,, mg/100 g, mg/100 g mg/100 g, mg/100 g g/100 g,, g/100 g, mg/100 g, mg/100 g.,., mg, 700 mg, mg, 1,100-1,500 mg ( ), 3,500 mg ( ) 9-10 mg, 9-10 mg, 800 g, 55 g, 150 g, 4 mg ( ), mg ( ), 600 g ( ) mg, 700 mg, 280 mg, 1,100-1,500 mg ( ), 3,500 mg ( ) 8-14 mg, 7-8 mg, 800 g, 55 g, 150 g, 3.5 mg ( ), mg ( ), 600 g ( ) (MHW, 2016) ( ),,,,, (Recommended Nutrient Intake:

5 동자개의계절별영양성분변화 783 Table 4. Seasonal variations in total amino acid (g/100 g) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Amino acids May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine Essential amino acids Aspartic Acid Serine Glutamic acid Proline Glycine Alanine Cystine Tyrosine Arginine Nonessential amino acids Total AA TEAA/TENN Table 5. Seasonal variations in mineral content (mg/100 g) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Mineral May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Ca 22.5± ± ± ± ± ±3.23 P 211± ± ± ± ± ±23.6 Mg 28.9± ± ± ± ± ±7.86 Na 57.4± ± ± ± ± ±32.4 K 357.2± ± ± ± ± ±87.4 Fe 0.47± ± ± ± ± ±0.33 Zn 0.62± ± ± ± ± ±0.09 Cu 0.06± ± ± ± ± ±0.04 Mn 0.03± ± ± ± ± ±0.01 RNI),, (Adequate Intake: AI), 6.39%, 59.2%, 17.9%, 7.92%, 11.7%, 9.64%, 7.30%, 19.1%, 1.02%.,,. 5 6 (Kang et al., 2007),.,,.

6 784 임치원ㆍ김민아ㆍ계현진ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ심길보. 사사 2016 (R ),. References Ackman RG and Takeuchi T Comparison of fatty acid and lipids of smolting hatchery-fed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Lipids 21, Alasalvar C, Taylor KDA, Zubcov E, Shahidi F and Alexis M Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chem 79, AOAC Official method of analysis of AOAC international. 16th. Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, Washington DC. U.S.A., Bligh, EG and Dyer WJ A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37, Choi JH, Ro JI and Pyeun JH Studies on lipids in freshwater fishes 3. Distribution of lipid components in various tissues of eel, Anguilla japonica. Bull Korean Fish Soc 17, Fallah AA, Saei-Dehkordi SS and Nematollahi A Comparative assessment of proximate composition, physicochemical parameters, fatty acid profile and mineral content in farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). IFST 46, Gye HJ, Shim KB, Lim CW, Song MY, Kim DH, Kim BK and Cho YJ Nutritional assessment and mineral content of wild and cultured catfish Silurus asotus. J Fish Marine Sci Edu 27, JFMSE Iwasaki M and Harada R Proximate and amino acid composition of the roe and muscle of selected marine species. J Food Sci 50, Kang EJ, Yang H, Lee HH, Cho EO, Lim SG and Bang IC Ecology and early life history of endangered freshwater fish, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus (Pisces: Bagridae). Korean J Environ Biol 25, Kang HW, Shim KB, Cho YJ, Kang DY, Cho KC. Kim JH and Park GJ Biochemical composition of the wild and cultured yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) in Korea. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 43, Kim KH, Kang SI, Jeon YJ, Choi BD, Kim MW, Kim DS and Kim JS Food quality rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss domesticated in seawater. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 47, Kim KS and Lee EH Food components of wild and cultured fresh water fishes. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 19, Kim TY A study on the reinforcement of the competitive power of Korean inland fisheries. J Fish Bus Admin 39, Lee DS, Yoon HD, Kim YK, Yoon NY, Moon SK, Kim IS and Jeong BY Proximate and fatty acid compositions of 14 species of coastal and offshore fishes in Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 44, KFAS Lee HC and Yoo CG A study on the preference and consumer behavior for inland water fishes. Korean Food Market Assoc 28, Lee HC Estimating volumes and expenditures of inland water fish consumption. J Fish Bus Admin 40, MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) Food Code. Korea. Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) Dietary reference intakes for Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, Sejong, Korea. Moon SK, Lee DS, Yoon HD, Kim YK, Yoon NY, Kim IS and Jeong, BY Proximate and fatty acid compositions of three species of imported and domestic freshwater fishes. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 45, org/ /kfas National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFR- DI) Chemical composition of marine products in Korea NFRDI. Busan. Korea. 38pp. Park SY and Kim HR Changes of food components and lipid peroxides in rainbow trout with growth. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 25, Steel RGD and Torrie JH Principle and procedure of statistics; a biometrical approach (2nd ed.). MacGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, U.S.A. White JA, Hart RJ and Fry JC An evaluation of the Waters Pico-Tag system for the amino-acid analysis of food materials. J Autom Chem 8, Yang ST and Lee EH Taste compounds of fresh-water fishes-6. Taste compounds of Korean catfish meat. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 16,

786 심길보ㆍ김민아ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ정수정ㆍ임치원 (Ha and Kang, 990),.,,,,,,. 재료 재료및방법, , Table. 일반성분 AOAC (995), Kjeldahl, Soxhlet,. 지방산조성 Bligh and Dyer (959) 5 chl

786 심길보ㆍ김민아ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ정수정ㆍ임치원 (Ha and Kang, 990),.,,,,,,. 재료 재료및방법, , Table. 일반성분 AOAC (995), Kjeldahl, Soxhlet,. 지방산조성 Bligh and Dyer (959) 5 chl 한수지 49(6), 785-79, 206 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6),785-79,206 쏘가리 (Siniperca scherzeri) 의시기에따른영양성분변화 심길보 * 김민아 윤나영 송미영 정수정 임치원 국립수산과학원식품위생가공과, 국립수산과학원중앙내수면연구소 Seasonal Variation in the