한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕
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1 한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 이봉주 한현섭 김성삼 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터 Comparison of Extruded and Moist Pellets for Whole-body Proximate Composition and Growth Performance of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Kang-Woong Kim, Jin-Hyuck Lee, Ki-Min Bae, Kyoung-Duck Kim, Bong-Joo Lee, Hyon-Sob Han and Sung-Sam Kim* Aquafeed Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pohang , Korea Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) in the juvenile (experiment I) and sub-adult (experiment II) stages of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The fish were distributed randomly to three aquarium tanks, as a group of 1,200 fish (initial mean weight 13.5±1.76 g) in experiment I, and as a group of 390 fish (initial mean weight 385±15.3 g) in experiment II. In experiment I, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival of fish fed EP were all significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. In experiment II, no significant differences were observed in weight gain, specific growth rate and survival between the EP and MP groups. However, the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. The results of this study indicate that EP could be developed to replace MP for market size production of olive flounder without any adverse effects on the growth performance. The dietary formulation used in this study could be used as an appropriate feed for olive flounder. Key words: Olive flounder, Moist pellet, Extruded pellet, Formulation, Feed 서론 (extruded pellet, EP) (moist pellet, MP), ,331 91% (Statistics Korea, 2014) g.,.. (Kim et al., 2002), / (Kim et al., 2004) (Alam et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2013), (Kim et al., 2006c; Kim et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2011a; Kim et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2013) (Choi et al., 2004; Pham et al., 2007; Ye et al., 2011). (Kim et al., 2005; Cho et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2005; Kim Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) , December 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 10 November 2014; Revised 27 November 2014; Accepted 9 December 2014 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: sungsamkim@korea.kr Copyright 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 810 pissn: , eissn:
2 배합사료와습사료급여에의한넙치의성장 811 et al., 2006a, 2006b; Kim et al., 2008; An et al., 2011)., g 1 kg. 실험사료 재료및방법 Table 1..,,,,. Table 1. Ingredients and nutrient contents of the experimental diets Ingredients (%) 1 EP Fish meal 68.0 Soybean meal 3.0 Corn gluten meal 3.0 Wheat flour 13.1 Squid liver oil 6.1 Krill meal 2.0 Kelp meal 1.0 Vitamin premix Mineral premix Others Diets MP Raw fish 80 Binder meal 20 Proximate analyses (% dry matter basis) Moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Crude ash Provided by Suhyup Feed Co., Kyong-Nam, Korea. 2 Premix (mg/ kg) : KI 250, MnSO 4 H 2 O 2800, ZnSO 4 H 2 O 2350, vitamin K 225, biotin (2%) 3500, niacin 4850, calcium pantothenate 11000, folic acid 2000, vitamin B , vitamin B , vitamin B and vitamin C Anti-oxidant, glucan, gelatin, betaine, choline, wheat flour, lecthin and enzyme.,,,,. (Bühler, Swiss) 3-15 mm.,, 8:2. 실험어및사육관리, 2., I II. I g (mean SD) 2,400 ( 1,200, 1,200 ) FRP (10, 3.5 m, 9.6 m 2 ) 3. 15, , , Fig % 1 2-3, 8 ( ). II g (mean SD) 780 ( 390, 390 ) FRP (10, 3.5 m, 9.6 m 2 ) 7:3 ( 91, 39 ) , Temperature ( ) ExperimentⅠ ExperimentⅡ Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Fig. 1. Monthly changes of the water temperature for the experiment I and II.
3 812 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ김성삼, Fig % 1 1-2, 7 ( ). 어체측정및성분분석 I II, MS-222 (100 ppm). (weight gain), (feed efficiency), (specific growth rate), (protein efficiency ratio), (daily feed intake) (survival)., 5. AOAC (AOAC, 2000) (135, 2 ), Kjeldahl (N 6.25), (550, 4 ). Soxhlet (Soxtec system 1046, Tacator AB, Sweden). 통계처리 J.M.P program version statistical software (SAS Institute, 2004) One-way ANOVA test, (LSD, Least Significant Difference) (P<0.05). 결과및고찰 ( ) (13.5 g) (extruded pellet, EP) (moist pellet, MP) 7 I ( ) (385 g) 7 Table 2. I 13.5 g g, 13.5 g 179 g.,, (P<0.05), %, %. (Lee et al., 1999). Kim et al. (2014a) 51 g 7, 736 g 655 g. Cho et al. (2005),, Lee et al. (2005)., (,, ),,,. Table 2. Growth performance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP) 1 Experiment I EP Diets MP Initial weight (g/fish) 13.5± ±0.01 Final weight (g/fish) 357.8± ±16.5 Weight gain ±66.6 b ±123.2 a Specific growth rate ±0.01 b 1.32±0.05 a Feed efficiency ±3.9 b 89.1±7.1 a Protein efficiency ratio ±0.02 b 1.44±0.04 a Daily feed intake ±0.03 a 0.95±0.08 b Survival (%) ±0.53 b 73.8±17.3 a Experiment II Initial weight (g/fish) 384.9± ±5.11 Final weight (g/fish) ± ±43.4 Weight gain ± ±14.7 Specific growth rate ± ±0.02 Feed efficiency ±1.00 b 77.4±3.56 a Protein efficiency ratio ±0.11 b 1.17±0.05 a Daily feed intake ±0.01 a 0.58±0.01 b Survival (%) ± ± Values are means from triplicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 Weight gain (%) = (final weight - initial weight) 100 / initial weight. 3 Specific growth rate (%) = (log e final wt. - log e initial wt.)/ days. 4 Feed efficiency (%) = wet weight gain (g) 100 / dry feed intake (g). 5 Protein efficiency ratio = wet weight gain / protein intake. 6 Daily feed intake (%) = Total dry feed intake 100/{(initial total wt. + final total wt. + dead fish wt.)/2} days fed. 7 Survival (%) =Number of fish at end of experiment / Number of fish stocked 100.
4 배합사료와습사료급여에의한넙치의성장 I II Fig. 1. Cho et al. (2009) 7 10,. Fig ( ) g g, 13.5 g g ( ) g, g, g, g, g, g g, g. II 385 g EP 1154 g, MP 1145 g., (P>0.05), 199.9%, 197.5%. Kim et al. (2006a) 329 g 8. Kim et al (2008) 32 1 kg,. Fig (11.8 ) 9 (23.7 ) g, g, g, g, g, g, g g, g, g, g, g, g, g. 10 (21.4 ) g, g 8 9., g... (Kim et al., 2009)., (P<0.05), (P<0.05). (P<0.05). 400 Moist pellet Extruded pellet ,400 Weight gain (g/fish) Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Month Weight gain (g/fish) 1, Moist pellet Extruded pellet Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month Fig. 2. Monthly changes of the weight gain for juvenile olive founder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets in experiment I. Fig. 3. Monthly changes of the weight gain for sub-adult olive founder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets in experiment II.
5 814 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ김성삼, (Kim et al., 2006a, 2006b; Kim et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2014a).., (Lee et al., 1999; Kim et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2011b)., (Lee et al., 1999).,.,., (Kim et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2010).. (Kim et al., 2007; Choi et al., 2008 Kim et al., 2014b; Kim et al., 2014c; Lee et al., 2014; Oh et al., 2014). Kim et al. (2011b) 1.97%, 4.83%, (Kim et al., 2010).,. I II Table 3., (P>0.05), (P<0.05)., (P>0.05), (P<0.05). I II Table 4. Table 3. Proximate composition (%) of whole body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP) 1 Experiment I EP Diets MP Moisture 70.0± ±1.21 Crude protein 19.0±0.05 b 17.7±0.15 a Crude lipid 6.5± ±0.05 Crude ash 3.4± ±0.11 Experiment II Moisture 69.1± ±1.35 Crude protein 18.4± ±0.03 Crude lipid 7.5±0.02 b 5.6±0.08 a Crude ash 3.4± ± Values are means from triplicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). Table 4. Proximate composition (%) of dorsal muscle for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP) 1 Experiment I EP Diets Moisture 75.1± ±0.42 Crude protein 24.2± ±0.15 Crude lipid 0.68± ±0.03 Experiment II Moisture 75.1± ±0.45 MP Crude protein 24.2±0.12 b 21.4±0.14 a Crude lipid 0.45± ±0.05
6 배합사료와습사료급여에의한넙치의성장 815,,, (P>0.05). (P>0.05), (P<0.05).. Seo et al. (2005), Kim et al. (2014a)., (Choi et al., 2008).,,... 사사 (, RP-2013-AQ-128). References Alam MS, Teshima SI, Kosiho S and Ishikawa M Arginine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus estimated by growth and biochemical parameters. Aquaculture S (01) An CM, Park HY, Son MH, Kim KD, Kim KW and Jang MS Evaluation of muscle quality of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed extruded pellets containing different protein and lipid levels, and raw fish-based moist pellet. Korean J Food Preserv 18, /kjfp AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists, 17th Edition. cunniff P, ed. Association of Official Analyticial Chemists, Inc, Arlington, VA, U.S.A. Cho MJ, Oh YK, Park SH, Lee HY, Kang YJ and Park MA Effects of extruded pellet and moist pellet feed on health conditions of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J Fish Pathol Cho SH, Lee SM and Lee JH Effects of the extruded pellets and raw fish-based moist pellet on growth and body composition of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus L. for 10 months. J Aquacult 18, Choi SM, Kim KW, Kang YJ, Park HS and Bai SC Optimum dietary lipid level and feeding rates of extruded pellets in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the summer season. J Aquacult 21, Choi SM, Wang XJ, Park GJ, Lim SR, Kim KW, Bai SC and Shin IS Dietary dehulled soybean meal as a replacement for fish meal in fingerling and growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquac Res 35, /j Kim KD, Kang YJ, Lee HY, Kim KW, Kim KM and Lee SM. 2006a. Evaluation of extruded pellets as a growing diet for adult flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J Aquacult 19, Kim KD, Kang YJ, Lee JY, Nam MM, Kim KW, Jang MS and Lee SM Evaluation of extruded pellets and raw fishbased moist pellet for growth of sub-adult flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J Aquacult 21, Kim KD, Kim KM, Kim KW, Kang YJ and Lee SM. 2006c. Influence of lipid and supplemental lecithin in diet on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in suboptimal water temperatures. Aquaculture dx.doi.org/ /j.aquaculture Kim KD, Nam MM, Kim KW, Kim DG and Son MH Effects of feeding rate and frequency on the winter growth and body composition of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 43, dx.doi. org/ /kfas Kim KM, Kim KD, Choi SM, Kim KW and Kang YJ Optimum feeding frequency of extruded pellet for the growth of juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus during the summer season. Kor J Aquacult Kim KW, Kang YJ, Kim KD, Son MH, Choi SM, Bai SC and Lee KJ Evaluation of extruded pellet for growth performance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju farm field. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 42, dx.doi. org/ /kfas
7 816 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ김성삼 Kim KW, Kang YJ, Kim KM, Lee HY, Kim KD and Bai SC Long-term evaluation of extruded pellet diets compared to raw fish moist pellet diet for growing flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J Aquacult 18, Kim KW, Kang YJ, Lee HY, Kim KD, Choi SM, Bai SC and Park HS. 2006b. Commercial scale evaluation of practical extruded pellet feed for the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 39, org/ /kfas Kim KW, Kim SS, Jeong JB, Jeon YJ, Kim KD, An CM and Lee KJ. 2011a. Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented garlic powder and fluid on growth performance, immune responses, blood components, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 44, Kim KW, Kim SS, Kim JW, Son MH, Kim KD, Bai SC and Lee KJ. 2011b. Effects of feeding rate and pellet water-soaking on growth, blood components, and histology of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 44, Kim KW, Wang XJ and Bai SC Optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquac Res 33, dx.doi.org/ /j x. Kim KW, Wang XJ, Choi SM, Park GJ and Bai SC Evaluation of optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquact Res 35, dx.doi.org/ / j x. Kim SS and Lee KJ Comparison of leucine requirement in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by free or synthetic dipeptide forms of leucine. Anim Feed Sci Technol 18, Kim SS, Jang JW, Song JW, Lim SJ, Jeong JB, Lee SM, Kim KW, Son MH and Lee KJ Effects of dietary supplementation of alga mixtures (Hizikia fusiformis and Ecklonia cava) on innate immunity and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 42, Kim SS, Jang JW, Song JW, Lim SJ, Jeong JB, Lee SM, Kim KW, Son MH and Lee KJ Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented garlic powder on immune responses, blood components, and disease resistance against principal fish disease of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in low temperature season. J Anim Sci Technol 52, dx.doi.org/ /jast Kim SS, Kim KW, Kim KD, Lee BJ, Han HS, Kim JW, Bai CS and Lee KJ. 2014b. Optimum feeding rate in growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed practical extruded pellet at optimum water temperature (21 ). J Fish Mar Sci Edu 26, dx.doi.org/ / JFMSE Kim SS, Kim KW, Kim KD, Lee BJ, Han HS, Kim JW, Bai CS and Lee KJ. 2014c. Optimum feeding rate for sub-adult olive flounder (384 g) Paralichthys olivaceus fed practical extruded pellets at optimum water temperatures ( ). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47, org/ /kfas Kim SS, Kim KW, Kim KD, Lee BJ, Lee JH, Han SH, Kim JW and Lee KJ. 2014a. Comparison of extruded and moist pellets for growth performance, water quality and histology of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju fsih farm. J Fish Mar Sci Edu 26, dx.doi.org/ / JFMSE Kim SS, Rahimnejad S, Kim KW, Lee BJ and Lee KJ Effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina and quercetin on growth, innate immune responses, disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda, and dietary antioxidant capacity in the juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Aquat Sci 16, Kim SS, Song JW, Kim KW and Lee KJ Effects of dietary astaxanthin on innate immunity and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Isr J Aquacult-Bamid handle.net/10524/ Lee SM, Seo CH and Cho YS Growth of the juvenile founder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed the diets at different feeding frequencies. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 32, Lee JH, Kim SS, Kim KW, Kim KD, Lee BJ, Lee JH, Han HY, Kim JW, Kim SY and Lee KJ Optimum feeding rate in growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed practical expanded pellet at optimum water temperatures (19-21 ). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47, org/ /kfas Lee SM, Seo JY, Lee YH, Kim KD, Lee JH and Jang HS Evaluation of experimental extruded pellet, commercial pellet and raw fish-based moist pellet for growing flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J Aquacult 18, Oh DH, Kim SS, Kim KW, Kim KD, Lee BJ, Han HY, Kim JW, Okorie OE, Bai SC and Lee KJ Optimum feeding rate for growing olive flounder (317 g) Paralichthys olivaceus fed practical extruded pellets at optimum water temperature (21-24 ). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47, Pham MA, Lee KJ, Lee SJ and Park KH Evaluation of cottonseed and soybean meal as partial replacement for fishmeal in diets for juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Sci 73, dx.doi.org/ / j x. Seo JY, Choi KH, Choi J and Lee SM Effect of feeding frequency of extruded diets containing different macro
8 nutrient levels on apparent nutrient digestibility in grower flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J Aquacult Statistics Korea Statistic data base of aquaculture production. Retrieved from on March 20. Ye J, Liu X, Wang Z and Wang K Effect of partial fish meal replacement by soybean meal on the growth performance and biochemical indices of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquacult Int 19, dx.doi.org/ /s 배합사료와습사료급여에의한넙치의성장 817
타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),.
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