B3-4 표철식 최종 업.PDF

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "B3-4 표철식 최종 업.PDF"

미영 어금
5 years ago
Views:

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 Ubiquitous Network BCN U biquitous S ensor N etwork 5

6 6 Ad-hoc network Sensing Read/Write Read Control

7 7

8 / 125KHz,134KHz 13.56Mhz MHz 860MHz~960MHz 2.45GMhz (ISO ) (ISO ) (ISO ) (ISO ) (ISO ), POST CARD / Invitation for Hitachi Exhibition 2002, Tire Pressure Sensor. Passport, ID card RFID chip 8

9 9

10 10

11 Host Reader TAG APPLICATION COMMANDS APPLICATION RESPONSES Encoder Decoder Command/ Response Unit Tag Driver And Mapping Rules AIR INTERFACE COMMANDS RESPONSES Tag Physical Memory Logical Memory Map #ISO/IEC TR18001 (TR):ARP ARP Logical Memory Data Protocol Processor Physical Interrogator SG1 SG1 SG1 SG3 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC Host Interrogator Tag Data Syntax(CD) Functional Commands and Other syntax features(cd) ISO/IEC Annexes SG2 #ISO/IEC TR15963(FCD) Unique ID ISO/IEC ,2,3,4,6,7 1. Generic(FDIS) 2. Below 135kHz(FDIS) GHz(FDIS) MHz(FDIS) MHz(FDIS) MHz(FDIS) 1. : ISO/IEC JTC1/SC31/WG4 2. : NP CD FCD FDIS IS 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 Standards and Projects EPCglobal 1 EPC Tag Data Specification SAG Version 1.24 Later slide EPCglobal MHz Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Specification (Class 0) Candidate recommendation EPCglobal MHz ISM Band Class 1 Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Interface Specification (Class 1) Candidate recommendation EPCglobal MHz MHz Class I Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Radio Frequency & Logical Communication Interface Specification (Class 1 Version 1) HAG Candidate recommendation EPCglobal 5 OID Radio Frequency Identity Protocols Generation 2 Identity Tag (Class 1): Protocol for Communications at 860 MHz 960 MHz (Generation 2) HAG EPCglobal 6 Reader Protocol SAG EPCglobal 7 Savant Specification SAG EPCglobal 8 Physical Markup Language (PML) Core Specification, XML Schema and Instance Files SAG EPCglobal 9 Object Name Service (ONS) Specification SAG Schedule Interim conference calls and webinars May HAG - Anaheim, CA 28 September - 1 October Baltimore, MD: UHF Generation 2 15

16 16

17 (Source: Auto-ID Center) 17

18 18

19 Antenna Antenna 1 TAG 2 TAG Reader TAG 3 TAG (Modulated Reflection) 19

20 20

21 Demodulator Voltage Multiplier Phase Modulator Clock Generator 21

22 22

23 23 Application Layer Middleware Layer Reader Layer Telemetics Environment Alien Reader Legacy Systems ETRI Reader SD DATAX iz 9200 SDRD PORTA SD RD PORTB A ONLINE B BWD - ENTER PORTSEL DISC DATA + SD

24 24

25 25

26 Reader #1 Channel #1 (f1) Reader #2 Channel #2 (f2) Reader #M Channel #N (fn) 26

27 Reader #1 Reader #2... Reader #M... Channel #1 (f1) Channel #2 (f2)... Channel #N (fn) Reader #1 Reader #2 Reader #M Reader Reader Reader 27

28 I When power matching (R T = R r ; R v =0; X T =X A ) P e = P S Only half of the power drawn from the antenna is transferred to the Load (R T ) The other half is reflected back into the space 28

29 29

30 Slotted ALOHA procedure < Transponder system with slotted ALOHA anticollision procedure > 30

31 Transmit. TAG 1 TAG 2 TAG 3 TAG 4 TAG n Receiver If 40kbps 25usec * 64bit=1.6msec(data length) 250 Delay slot 400msec(same time) 31

32 Binary Search Algorithm 32

33 Binary Search Algorithm < Manchester code and NRZ code> 33

34 Binary Search Algorithm 34

35 Binary Search Algorithm 35

36 36

37 Start Reader [PingID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [EOF] [Bin modulation] Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] Backscattering Backscattering Backscattering Contention Transaction gap Reader [PingID] [Bin modulation] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [EOF] [PTR]=[ ][LEN]=[ ][VALUE]=[101] Contention Transaction gap Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] Backscattering Backscattering Reader [PingID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [EOF] [Bin modulation] [PTR]=[ ][LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[101001] Transaction gap Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] Backscattering Backscattering 37

38 Reader [ScrollID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [CW... [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ][VALUE]=[ ] Transaction gap Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 Tag 3 [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] Backscattering Reader [Quiet] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [PTR]=[ ][LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[ ] Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] No reply Reader [PingID] [Bin modulation] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [EOF] [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[0] Transaction gap Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] Backscattering Backscattering 38

39 Reader [ScrollID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [CW... [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[101] Transaction gap Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] Backscattering Reader [Quiet] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [PTR]=[ ][LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[101] Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] No reply Reader [PingID] [Bin modulation] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [EOF] [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[0] Transaction gap Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] [CRC][ ] Backscattering 39

40 Reader [ScrollID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [CW... [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ][VALUE]=[111] Transaction gap Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] Backscattering Reader [Quiet] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] [PingID] [Preamble] [CLKSYNK] [SOF] [DATA] [EOF] END [PTR]=[ ] [LEN]=[ ] [VALUE]=[111] Tag 1 [CRC][ ] Tag 2 [CRC][ ] Tag 3 [CRC][ ] No reply 40

41 41

42 42

43 Comparison of Technologies for Flexible Electronics 43

44 44

45 Sensors: device whose output can be quantified and changes with one or more physical phenomena. This output information can be used for process monitoring and control. Transducer: device which transforms energy from one domai n (magnetic, thermal, mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical) into another A detector: device indicating presence, absence, or change ofthe signal qualitatively, either as a binary signal or as a low resolution signal with several states. 45

Advantaca s MIR sensors Properties of sensors Range Accuracy Repeatability Linearity Sensitivity

46 Example of sensors Magnetic sensors Honeywell s HMC/HMR magnetometers Photo sensors Clairex: CL9P4L Temperature sensors Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J Accelerometers Analog Devices: ADXL202JE Motion sensors Advantaca s MIR sensors Properties of sensors Range Accuracy Repeatability Linearity Sensitivity Efficiency Resolution Response time Overshoot Drift and stability Offset Packaging Property of the circuit 46

47 We need to integrate the computation capa bility into the physical world to improve th e quality of life, and to facilitate applicatio ns that were not feasible before To make this possible, we need a large nu mber of computing devices. This mandates that they have very low cost and consume l ittle power For low-cost and low-power devices to do s ophisticated work, they need communicati on capability For a large number of devices to communi cate, radio communication is probably the only feasible option Finally, the current technology has enable d all these to happen To incorporate intelligence in the physical world Large number of computing devices Low-cost devices Wireless communication 47

48 Remote Sensing via Satellite Dataloggers Traffic Monitoring RFID Ad-hoc mobile networks Wireless Sensor Networks 48

49 RFID Tag with Sensor 49

50 Sensor Node Platform 50

51 Sensor Node Platform 51

52 52

53 53

54 1. Why Sensor Networks? Small Processors (Size) Low cost Permits remote object monitoring Unattended mode of operation Coordination Deployed in toxic locations or remote regions Latest technology for Monitoring 54

55 2. Features of Sensor Networks What is a Sensor Network? 1000s of sensors deployed to collect, process and store information e.g. weather conditions. Local communication to achieve global objectives Current Ad-hoc protocols are not applicable Popular application areas Medical, Military, Natural Habitat monitoring, micro-organisms monitoring, etc Factors to consider when deploying sensors Low power Large numbers Frequent motion, task dynamics / Device failures Distributed sensing Exception free, unattended operation 55

56 3. Design Issues Sensor Network Vs Wired / Wireless network Data centric addressed by data values rather than identities Application Specific tailored for specific tasks Types of coordination between sensors to achieve above goals Centralized single point of failure energy inefficient non scalable Distributed localized algorithms robust to network partitions/ node failures short range of communication - energy efficient scalable low communication overhead simpler self-configuration 56

57 Sensor Node Considers issues like 4. Communication Architecture 57

58 4. Communication Architecture Considers issues like Hardware constraints Productions costs Environment Transmission media Current Ad-hoc protocols are not applicable 58

59 4. Communication Architecture Protocol Stack 59

60 5. Physical Layer Research Areas Modulation schemes Overcome effects of Signal propagation Hardware design Aim minimize energy Power d n, d= distance and 2<=n<=4. (n=4 for low lying antennas) M-ary reduces on-time by sending multiple bps Binary energy efficient - low complexity, low power consumption Suggested solution- Ultra wideband base-band transmission TDMA transmission resilience to multi-path Low transmission power simple transceiver circuitry. 60

61 Type Infrastructure Power Efficiency Goal Cellular Yes- Centralized Not power efficient Hi QoS/ bandwidth efficient Bluetooth No. Shortrange wireless Power 20dBm/ range 10m Replace cable between electronic terminals with RF links MANET Yes Not power efficient Hi QoS under mobility conditions Sensor N/w requires No Power~0dBm/ range<10m Power conservation 61

62 Research issues:- MAC for sensor networks Error control coding schemes Power saving modes Suggested MACs SMACS Self organizing MAC for sensor network Nodes discover neighbors, duplex time slots, random wake-up schedule and turn off in idle state EAR - Eaves-Drop-and-register algorithm (works with SMACS) Continuous service in mobile / stationary conditions CSMA-based MAC phase changes, constant listen periods and random delays. Hybrid TDMA/FDMA number of channels calculated for min. system energy 62

63 Design issues:- Power Efficient Data centricity Data Aggregation Attribute based addressing Internetworking with external networks Suggested Schemes Small Minimum Energy Communication Network (SMECN) Creates sub-graphs of sensor networks with minimum energy paths Flooding Broadcasting of data to all neighbors. Issue - resource blindness, Implosion 63

64 Gossiping Send data to randomly selected neighbors Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation Send data to only interested nodes. Send descriptive data rather than entire data. Sequential Assignment Routing Create multiple trees with roots are one hop away from sink. Nodes select a tree to route data back based on energy resources Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Formation of clusters to conserve energy Directed Diffusion Data centric routing based on interests and gradients 64

65 Transport Layer Not explored much as yet. Option UDP for sink to sensors & TCP for sink to user * Proposed Solution for transport Application Layer Yet unexplored. 3 possible solutions:- - Sensor Management Protocol - Task Assignment and Data Advertisement Protocol - Sensor Query and Data Dissemination Protocol 65

歯이시홍).PDF

歯이시홍).PDF cwseo@netsgo.com Si-Hong Lee duckling@sktelecom.com SK Telecom Platform - 1 - 1. Digital AMPS CDMA (IS-95 A/B) CDMA (cdma2000-1x) IMT-2000 (IS-95 C) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - 2 - 2. QoS Market QoS Coverage C/D