(JBE Vol. 24, No. 4, July 2019) (Regular Paper) 24 4, (JBE Vol. 24, No. 4, July 2019) ISSN

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1 (Regular Paper) 24 4, (JBE Vol. 24, No. 4, July 2019) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) HTTP a), a), a) A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media Minjeong Song a), Seong-geun Yoo a), and Sang-il Park a) QoE. HTTP HTTP/1.1 TCP.. HTTP UDP QUIC HTTP/2 MPEG-DASH QUIC-DASH. QUIC-DASH LTE.,. Abstract Various streaming technologies are being studied to guarantee the QoE of viewers due to the development of realistic media. HTTP adaptive streaming is a typical example, and it is based on HTTP / 1.1 and TCP. These protocols have become one of the causes of delaying the image delay and increasing the waiting time of web pages. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a QUIC-DASH system applying the UDP-based transmission protocols QUIC and HTTP / 2 to the MPEG-DASH system after analyzing various transmission protocols and development process of HTTP. Through experiments, the QUIC-DASH system confirmed the possibility of providing optimal performance in terms of transmission speed of LTE environment than existing system. We also suggest various future studies for better performance. Keyword : HTTP/2, HTTP/3, HTTP Adaptive Streaming, QUIC, MPEG-DASH a) IT (Dept. of Information Technology & Media Engineering Graduate School of Nano IT Design Fusion Seoul National University of Science and Technology) Corresponding Author : (Sangil Park) sangilparkmail@gmail.com Tel: ORCID: This work was supported by an Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (No , Moving Free-viewpoint 360VR Immersive Media System Design and Component Technologies) Manuscript received January 16, 2019; Revised April 26, 2019; Accepted June 25, Copyright 2016 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered.

2 2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media)., PC (Netflix), (Youtube) OTT (Over the Top) [15]. (Cisco) VNI 2021, 80% [16]. HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) (HAS, HTTP Adaptive Streaming). HAS HLS(HTTP Live Streaming), HSS(HTTP Smooth Streaming), HDS(HTTP Dynamic Streaming) MPEG MPEG-DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP). (QoS, Quality of Service) (QoE, Quality of Experience). QoE,, [6]. QoE [8]., VR(Virtual Reality) AR(Argumented Reality).. HTTP TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) -. IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) UDP (User Datagram Protocol) QUIC(Quick UDP Internet Connection), UDP UDP QUIC MPEG-DASH QUIC- DASH TCP DASH.. 2 QUIC TCP, UDP, HTTP/3. 3 QUIC-DASH. 4 HTTP/1.1 TCP MPEG-DASH HTTP/2 QUIC QUIC-DASH QUIC. QUIC QUIC UDP, UDP [11]. QUIC HTTP HTTP/2, TLS(Transport Layer Security), TCP [1]. QUIC 2012 Jim Roskind 2013., QUIC (rebuffer) 30% [2,12]. QUIC TCP+TLS+HTTP/2. TCP Middlebox TCP. QUIC UDP TCP

3 [13]. 1.1 QUIC TCP (3-way Handshake).., TCP, HTTP/2 HoL(Head of Line) [9]. QUIC (Core) 0 (RTT, Round Trip Time).. QUIC UDP 1. HTTP/2 QUIC - Fig. 1. Request-response path for HTTP / 2 and QUIC 2. TCP, TCP+TLS, QUIC Fig. 2. TCP, TCP + TLS, QUIC connection establishment process

2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media). QUIC TCP. 1, QUIC.,., UDP TCP [10]. QUIC TLS. QUIC TLS 1.3,.

4 2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media). QUIC TCP. 1, QUIC.,., UDP TCP [10]. QUIC TLS. QUIC TLS 1.3,. HTTPS QUIC [3]. 2 TCP, TCP+TLS, QUIC. HTTPS TCP+TLS. HTTP DNS, TCP, TLS. QUIC TCP TLS TCP (Reneging) 0 RTT. 2. HTTP/3 HTTP/2 TCP [4]. TCP [5]. IETF TCP QUIC HTTP/ [7]. UDP QUIC HTTP/3 [12]. 3, QUIC HTTP/3 HTTP/2. TCP HTTP. 3. HTTP/2 HTTP/3 Fig. 3. HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 protocol stacks

1. QUIC-DASH. QUIC 0 RTT, QoE.. 1. 4. QUIC-DASH Fig. 4. QUIC-DASH system configuration diagram MPEG HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2.0 (Web Socket) [14]. MPEG HTTP/2 DASH TCP UDP gquic QUIC-DASH. TCP HTTP/1.

5 1. QUIC-DASH. QUIC 0 RTT, QoE QUIC-DASH Fig. 4. QUIC-DASH system configuration diagram MPEG HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2.0 (Web Socket) [14]. MPEG HTTP/2 DASH TCP UDP gquic QUIC-DASH. TCP HTTP/1.1 MPEG- DASH. QUIC-DASH (Gear 360) 360VR gquic. QUIC HTTP/2 UDP HTTP/2. MPD VR MPD throughput estimation QUIC-DASH HTTP/ VR HTTP/1.1+TCP HTTP/2+QUIC HTTP/1.1 QUIC 8 MPEG-DASH (DOM Contents Loaded). Wireshark. 5. Fig. 5. Configuration diagram of experiments HTTP/1.1 QUIC VMWare 12 Windows OS Ubuntu

2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) Intel I5 4460 CPU 16GB. NAT(Network Address Translation) IP.. 5. 1.1 gquic proto-quic.

6 2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) Intel I CPU 16GB. NAT(Network Address Translation) IP gquic proto-quic. QUIC QUIC-Version-39. HTTP/1.1 Node.js v K 360VR x264. MP4Box 4000ms (Chunk) 1080p, 720p, 480p MPD. LTE 3,200Kbps. DASH Javascript Dash.js HTML, MPD. 1.2 Chromium. QUIC-Version-39 QUIC. gquic 6121, HTTP/ ( ), HTTP/1.1 DOM Contents Loaded (Element). HTTP/ MB 6. HTTP/1.1+TCP ( ), HTTP/2+QUIC ( ) Fig. 6. HTTP / TCP experiment result (left), HTTP / 2 + QUIC experiment result (right)

7 . 6( ) gquic DOM Contents Loaded HTTP/ MB. 2.2 Wireshark HTTP/1.1 gquic Wireshark. HTTP/ DASH Wireshark Statistics I/O Graph 100ms. HTTP/1.1 TCP I/O. MPEG-DASH I/O 0. LTE 3,200Kbps. Chromium HTTP/1.1 DASH I/O Fig 7. DASH segment I/O graph of HTTP / 1.1 server without bandwidth limit 8. (3,200Kbps) HTTP/1.1 DASH I/O Fig. 8. A DASH segment I/O graph of HTTP/1.1 server with bandwidth limit(3,200kbps)

2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) 9. I/O Fig. 9. I/O graph at the point where the bandwidth has fallen sharply 10.

8 2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) 9. I/O Fig. 9. I/O graph at the point where the bandwidth has fallen sharply 10. Fig. 10. Packet messages at the point where the bandwidth has fallen sharply 11. (3,200Kbps) gquic DASH I/O Fig. 11. A DASH segment I/O graph of gquic server without bandwidth limit 9 I/O. 38.4, 10 TCP Window Full. TCP Window Full TCP. TCP (Slow start) [5]. TCP HTTP/1.1 Stall. gquic I/O

9 gquic 6121 DASH Wireshark Statistics I/O Graph 100ms Kbps I/O. HTTP/1.1 Stall (3,200Kbps). 3. QUIC HTTP/1.1+TCP 1 800Kb. 23. QUIC HPACK UDP. QUIC-Version-39 gquic QUIC. Wireshark HTTP/1.1+TCP gquic I/O. LTE 3,200Kbps gquic. HTTP/1.1+TCP TCP Stall. Stall LTE MPEG- DASH. gquic UDP. DASH HTTP/3 IETF HTTP/3 IETF-QUIC ngtcp2 -. HTTP/3 TCP HTTP HTTP/3. IETF-QUIC HTTP/ HTTP/3 (Prefetch) TCP HTTP MPEG-DASH HTTP/1 HOL. HTTP/1. UDP HTTP/3 HTTP/1. MPEG-DASH HTTP/3,.. QoE. HTTP, MPEG-

10 2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) DASH HTTP/2. HTTP/2 TCP TCP HOL. IETF HTTP/2 UDP QUIC HTTP/3. QUIC MPEG-DASH HTTP/2 QUIC-DASH. MPEG-DASH HTTP/1.1+ TCP HTTP/2+gQUIC - 360VR. HTTP/1.1 MPEG-DASH HTTP/2.0 QUIC-DASH, 23 request, 1 800Kb., 360VR. 3,200Kbps LTE HTTP/1.1+TCP. TCP Stall. gquic. TCP DASH gquic. MPEG-DASH. QUIC DASH HTTP/3. (References) [1] Biswal, Prasenjeet, and Omprakash Gnawali. "Does quic make the web faster?." Proceeding of 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). Washington, DC USA, pp. 1-6, 2016, org/ /glocom [2] Google Wants To Speed Up The Web With Its QUIC Protocol, (accessed Nov 22, 2015) [3] Why Fastly loves QUIC and HTTP/3, why-fastly-loves-quic-http3 (accessed Mar 21, 2019) [4] HTTP/2, (accessed Jul 10, 2018) [5] Stephen Ludin, Javier Garza, Learning HTTP/2, (Translated by Jaejoon Gang), O Reilly Media, USA, pp , 2018 [6] Yunho Kim, Heekwang Kim and Kwangsue Chung, 2018, "Video Quality Maintenance Scheme for Improve QoE of HTTP Adaptive Streaming Service," Journal of KIISE, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp , February 2018, [7] M. Bishop, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3 (HTTP/3), (accessed Jan, 2019) [8] Dooyeol Yun and Kwangsue Chung, 2016, "Segment Scheduling Scheme to Support Seamless DASH-based Live Streaming Service," KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp , July 2016, [9] Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP PROTOCOL Suite, 4TH EDITION, (Translated by ByungChul Kim and five others), USA, pp , 2009 [10] User datagram protocol, (accessed Aug.28, 1980) [11] Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over QUIC draft-ietf-quic-http-04, (accessed Jun. 13, 2017) [12] HTTP/3 explained, bagder/http3-explained/details, (accessed Jan, 2019) [13] Minjeong Song, Sunggeun Yoo and Sangil Park, A Study on Transmission Technology Trend of Web Based Realistic Media (VR / AR) Platform, The Journal of The Korean Institute of Communication Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp , August 2018, co.kr/journal/articledetail?nodeid=node [14] MPEG-DASH with Server Push and WebSockets, (accessed Oct, 2017) [15] Yungyoun Kim and Kwangsue Chung, "A Video Quality Control Scheme Based on Content Characteristics for Improving QoE in DASH Environments," Journal of KIISE, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp , Aug 2015, [16] Cisco Predicts More IP Traffic in the Next Five Years Than in the History of the Internet, (accessed Nov 27, 2018)

- 2017 : IT - 2017 ~ : IT - ORCID : https://orcid.

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1 : UHD (Heekwang Kim et al.: Segment Scheduling Scheme for Efficient Bandwidth Utilization of UHD Contents Streaming in Wireless Environment) (Specia

1 : UHD (Heekwang Kim et al.: Segment Scheduling Scheme for Efficient Bandwidth Utilization of UHD Contents Streaming in Wireless Environment) (Specia (Special Paper) 23 6, 2018 11 (JBE Vol. 23, No. 6, November 2018) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2018.23.6.813 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) UHD a), a) Segment Scheduling Scheme for Efficient