자율주행차량기술발전과 미래교통시스템 언맨드솔루션대표 / 공학박사문희창
01 Movies KNIGHT RIDER, 1982 Total Recall, 1990 Minority Report, 2002 I, Robot, 2004 WALL-E, 2008 INTERSTELLAR, 2014 2
02 Autonomous Car 언맨드솔루션의 자율주행자동차 3
03 Recent Trend 미래의자동차 단위 : 만대 1,000 연평균 134% 성장 * Source : BI 인텔리전스 4
05 Recent Trend 자율주행자동차발전단계 0단계 1단계 2단계 3단계 4단계 위험경고선택적능동제어통합능동제어제한적자율주행완전자율주행 수동적안전시스템, 자 1 개의 ADAS 장착, 운전 2 개이상의 ADAS 장착, 제한된조건 ( 주차장, 자 모든상황에서자율주행 동제어없음 대또는페달중선택적 운전대와페달을동시 동차전용도로등 ) 에서 자동제어 에자동제어 자율주행 < 운전자부하 > 운전자모든제어필수운전자제어및감시필수운전자제어및감시필수특정상황만운전자개입운전자는목적지만입력 현재발전단계 * 출처 : ADAS( 지능형운전자보조시스템 ) 의핵심부품 ( 센서 ) 개발전략 강산들연구원 / 한국자동차산업연구소 5
06 Recent Trend 부분자율주행기술 - ADAS ( 첨단운전자보조시스템 : Advanced Driver Assistance System) 기능기술내용센서 BSD LDW LKA AVM FCW PCW AEB NV DDD TJA RPAS Blind Spot Detection : 사각지대감시 사이드미러의사각지대상의물체접근감지 Lane Departure Warning, Lane Keeping Assistance 방향지시등점멸없이차선이탈시경고, 능동적차선유지 Around View Monitoring : 차량주변모니터링 차량주변 360 영상을 Top-View 로영상제공 Forward/Pedestrian Collision Warning 전방차량및보행자추돌감지및경고 Advanced Emergency Braking : 자동긴급제동장치 차량의속도와물체와의거리를계산해긴급상황시급제동 Night Vision : 야간시야확보 열에너지를이미지로전환, 야간에도주변상황을감지 Driver Drowsiness Detection 운전자의동공을실내카메라를감지, 졸음상황경고 Traffic Jam Assistance : 교통정체보조장치 교통정체시자동으로차선유지및차량간거리유지장치 Remote Parking Assistance System 공주차탐지및자동조향제어 Radar, LiDAR Radar, Vision, LiDAR Vision Radar, Vision, LiDAR Radar, LiDAR Vision Vision, Health sensor Radar, Vision, LiDAR Sonar, LiDAR, AVM 6
07 Recent Trend ADAS 에서자율주행으로 7 * 자료 : 자동차부품연구원
08 Recent Trend 자율주행자동차기술 Connected vehicles solutions only Sensor-based solutions only Converged Solution 8
09 Sensor 주변환경인식센서의종류및인식범위 Surround Sensing * 자료 : TEXAS Instruments Making cars safer through technology innovation 9
10 Sensor ADAS 용센서비교 어두운밤이나악천후에서사용가능 장거리탐지 ( 최대 200m) 형태인식불가능 고가의가격 측정각도가넓음 주변을 3차원으로인지가능 환경의영향을많이받음 고가의가격 형태인식이가능 날씨와시간대에구애를받음 RADAR, LiDAR보다정밀도가떨어짐 RADAR, LiDAR에비해저렴한가격 주로정차시나저속에서이용 측정거리가짧음 (3-4m) 저렴한가격 10 * 출처 : ADAS( 지능형운전자보조시스템 ) 의핵심부품 ( 센서 ) 개발전략 / 한국자동차산업연구소
11 Sensor 글로벌부품업체들의주변환경인식센서제품현황 * NB : Narrow band * UWB : Ultra wide band Camera RADAR Night Vision Potential Market Supplier Mono Stereo 77RADAR 24 NB RADAR 25 UWB RADAR Far Infrared Near Infrared Rear View Surround View Stability Control Autoliv Continental Bosch Delphi Magna Valeo Denso Gentex Hella TRW Takata 11 * 출처 : Autoliv
12 LiDAR (2D) Manufactures Field of view Scanning frequency Angular resolution Operating range Data Refresh Time Interface Operating voltage / Power consumption Enclosure rating Size IBEO LUX2010 FUSION SYSTEMS 2 layers : 110 4 layers : 85 12.5Hz / 25Hz / 50.5H z 0.125 200m - Ethernet, C AN, RS232 9 ~27V (Average 8W) IP 68 164.5 x 93.2 x 88 IBEO LUX HD 85 12.5Hz / 25Hz / 50.5H z 0.125 90m - Ethernet, C AN, RS232 9~ 27V (Average 8W) IP 68 164.5 x 93.2 x 88 ScaLa 145-0.25 150 m 40/80 ms - 7 W - 105 x 60 x 100 mm Manufactures Field of view Scanning frequency Angular resolution Operating range Response time Interface Operating voltage / Power consumption Enclosure rating Size LMS511-10100 190 25 Hz / 35 Hz / 50 Hz / 75 Hz / 100 Hz 0.167 / 0.25 / 0.333 / 0.5 / 0.667 / 1 0 m... 80 m 10 ms RS-232, RS-422 / E thernet / USB / CANbus 24 V DC / 22 W IP 67 160 x 155 x 185 LD-MRS400001 110 12.5 Hz... 50 Hz 0.125 / 0.25 / 0.5 0.5 m... 250 m - RS-232 / Ethernet / CANbus 9 V ~27 V / 8 W IP 69 94 x 165 x 88 12
13 LiDAR (3D) Manufactures Field of view Scanning frequency Distance Accuracy Channels Angular resolution Points/sec Operating range Interface Operating voltage / Power consumption Enclosure rating Size 360-16 - 300,000 100m - Low - 100 x 65 VLP-16 360 10Hz < 2cm 32 1.33 700,000 100m Ethernet 9~32V / 12W(12V) IP67 85.3 x 85.3 x 144.2 HDL-32E HDL-64E 360 5-15 Hz < 2cm 64 0.09 1.3 million 120m Ethernet 15V (+/-1.5V) IP67 203.2 x 203.2 x 260.2 Manufactures Field of view Horizontal:360, Vertical:20 (+3 / -17 ) Scanning frequency 10-30 Hz Laser Wavelength 905nm Range Accuracy 1.5cm Angular resolution 0.1 Sensors 8 laser /detector pairs, 3-axis accelerometer Measurement Range 300 m at 80% reflectivity 100 m at 10% reflectivity Interface 1 Gbps Ethernet Operating voltage / Power consumption 9-32 VDC / 20W Enclosure rating IP69K Weight 1kg 13 Size 3.5 dia meter x 3 height
14 RADAR Manufactures Delphi ESR Field of view Mid-Range (100m) : +/-45 Long-Range (174m) : +/-10 Scanning frequency Mid Range/ Long Range Target 76.5 GHz 60m/174m 64 Accuracy Range/ Range Rate 0.5 m 0.12 m/s 0.5 Angle Update Rate 0.5 < = 50ms Operating voltage / Power consumption 8v-16v, 24v <1 min <12w mass 575g Size 173.7 x 90.2 x 49.2 (mm) Delphi RSDS +/-75 24 GHz 70m - - 50 (Closing) to +10 m/sec (Opening) - < = 50ms 8v-16v, 24v <1 min, 7w 380g - Manufactures Frequency band 24.05..24.25 GHz 76...77 GHz Distance / Accuracy 1...50 m 0.20 m for point targets 0.25...200 m 0.25 m or 1.5 %@>1 m Azimuth angle augmentation -20...+20 up to -75 +75-8.5...+8.5 far field, -28...+28 close-up range Elevation angle augmentation -6 +6 for -6 db points 4.3 at 6 dbm Speed measurement range -146 km/h...+146 km/h -88 km/h...+265 km/h Mains power supply / Power consumption +9.0 V...16 V DC / app. 4.5 W +8.0 V...27 V DC(12VDC) 7 W at 14 V DC / 7 W at 28 V DC Interface 2 x CAN 1, 2 (car, private) - high-speed 500 kbit/s 1 x CAN 1 - high-speed 500 kbit/s Dimensions (W x H x D) 155 * 131.5 * 26 120 * 90 * 46 Manufactures Frequency range LRR3 MRR Front 76 77 GHz Distance Accuracy 0.5 250 m ±0.1 m Relative speed Accuracy -75 +60 m/s ±0.12 m/s Vision range 30 (-6 db) 5 (-6 db) Modulation Max. number of detected objects Vehicle connector FMCW 32 MQS 8 Pin Cycle time (incl. auto diagnosis) 76 77 GHz Up to 160 m - 45 - - - - Typically 80 ms Dimensions (H x W x D) 77 x 74 x 58 (mm) 60 x 70 x 30 (mm) Power consumption typically 4 W MRR 60 x 70 76 77 GHz Up to 100 m - 150 - - - - 14 - Rear x 30 (mm) -
15 Camera Manufactures Distance range Distance range for light spot(recogniti on) Resolution imager horizontal/ vertical Accuracy distance measuring Viewing angle horizontal/ vertical Response time Power Supply / power consumption Interface Dimensions Multi-Function Camera 4 m (focus range) Up to 500/600m 752pixel / 480pixel ±10m for r<150m, ±50m for r>150m 35 / 20 80ms 2.0W typ 1 x CAN 95.1 x 44.8 x maximum 500 96.7 kbit/s Stereo Camera 60 m 20-30cm (20-30m) - - - - - - - Manufactures Suggested lens FOV over VGA Imager Type No. of Pixels Image area (mm²) Pixel size (µm) Video out Frame Rate (fps) Dynamic Range Oper. Temp 38º CMOS 752 480 4.51 2.88 6.0 6.0 10bit digital 60 60db linear, 100db, nonlinear -45 ~ + 85º C 15
16 Sensor 센서별데이터 * 장소 : 강남역 * 장소 : 언맨드솔루션서초사옥주차장 3D - LiDAR (Velodyne) AVM (Around View Monitoring) * Source : Youtube 2D - LiDAR (IBEO ScaLa) * Source : Automotive RADARS, Robots in Search Radar 16
17 Fusion 통합센서 * 출처 : 콘티넨탈, 프로스트 & 설리번 17
18 Fusion 통합센서 18
19 Fusion 통합센서어플리케이션영상 Lane Tracking Forward Looking Radar Collision Avoidance With Vehicles 19 * Source : Youtube
21 Connected vehicle 센서의한계 출처 : 자율주행차성능향상을위한기술개발전략 - V2X/ 정밀지도중심 / 강산들연구원 / 한국자동차산업연구소 20
22 Connected vehicle V2X 출처 : Strategy Analysis / 이미지 - Google 21
24 Infrastructure 언맨드솔루션 센서퓨전맵핑영상
26 Change 자동차의개념변화 차량공유서비스등장 무인택시서비스등장 과잉소비 가치창출 자원고갈 자원절약 독일의카를벤츠가자동차를발명 경쟁 소유경제 이윤창출 신뢰 공유경제 협력적소비 1886 년 2000 년 * Source : 조선일보 & Chosun.com, 마이카시대 의종말?, 이혜운기자, 2016.04.09 23
27 Change 공유자동차시장전망 5% 70% 미국내전체차량 5%, 사용되지않은채주차장주차 미국내전체차량 70%, 한명만탄채이동 도요타 GM 다임러그룹 우버와전략적투자 MOU 체결 우버운전자들에게리스로차공급 미, 카셰어링업체리프트에 5 억달러투자 자율주행무인콜택시네트워크공동구축 2008 년부터카셰어링서비스 카투고 운영 전세계 30 개도시에회원 100 만명 * Source : 시장조사기관 내비건트리서치 (Navigant Research) BMW 자체카셰어링서비스 드라이브나우 운영 유럽지역회원 45 만명, 하반기미국진출 24 * Source : 조선일보 & Chosun.com, 마이카시대 의종말?, 이혜운기자, 2016.04.09
29 Sharing 25
30 Public transportation 언맨드솔루션자동주행 PRT 차량개발 차세대융합기술원과언맨드솔루션공동개발 퍼스널모빌리티
31 Shuttle Tram 언맨드솔루션자동주행셔틀트램개발
32 Shuttle Tram 언맨드솔루션자동주행셔틀트램개발
34 Application 29
35 Agriculture 동양물산 & 언맨드솔루션공동개발트랙터시연영상 카이스트 & 언맨드솔루션공동개발드론시연영상
36 Test Platform 자율주행기술개발을위한테스트플랫폼개발
37 Test Platform 자율주행기술개발을위한테스트플랫폼개발
38 Test Platform 자율주행기술개발을위한테스트플랫폼 -> 차세대플랫폼에적용 PRT, PM 과같은차세대교통수단 OUTDOOR 물류이송플랫폼
39 Test Bed 실험도시계획 34
41 The future of City Cloud-based information management Pesticide spray Vehicle-to-vehicle communication Control Tower Control Tower Personal Mobility Auto-driving PRT Harvest Plant factory Sow Driverless vehicle * 출처 : ARUP Report says future roads will be more than just pavement (w/infographic) / USDOT 35
Unmanned Solution THANK YOU www.unmansol.com / +82-2-3217-6771~2 / ums@unmansol.com 36