ASTM G118 Standard Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data Suitable for Databases 전승범 R&B INC.
Standard Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data Suitable for Databases 1. Scope 1.1 본지침은 Computerized databases 용마모시험 Data 정리를위한규격으로서사용자가 Data 의비교나사용을위한 DB 개발에도움을사용된다. 각 Data 요소는대상재료및마모시험에관한사항을기술하고있다. 2. 관련규격 2.1 ASTM Standards 2 E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS) E 1314 Practice for Structuring Terminological Records Relating to Computerized Test Reporting and Materials Designation Formats 3 E 1338 Guide for Identification of Metals and Alloys in Computerized Material Property Databases G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion G 65 Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus G 75 Test Method for Determination of Slurry Abrasivity (Miller Number) and Slurry Abrasion Response of Materials (SAR Number) G 77 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test G 83 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Crossed-Cylinder Apparatus3 G 99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus G 105 Test Method for Conducting Wet Sand/Rubber Wheel Abrasion Tests G 115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients G 132 Test Method for Pin Abrasion Testing 2.2 ANSI Standard: B46.1.85 Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness 4 3. 용어 3.1 정의 - 본규정의일부정의는 E 1314 및 Terminology G 40 을참조한다. 3.2 본규격의특별용어정의 3.2.1 class 재료의주분류로서, 예로 Metal, Ceramic, Polymer 등 3.2.2 common name 특정재료의자주불리는이름, 예로서 Nylon 3.2.3 contact environment 접촉하는분위기를나타내는용어로서예로, 분위기, 습도, 존재하는 Gas 등 3.2.4 form 재료의형상으로서예로봉상, 판상및주물등 3.2.5 grade 제조회사에서재료에주어진등급 3.2.6 hardness 일반적인경도로서 Rockwell C, Vickers 등이포함되며시험하중을표시한다. 3.2.7 processing treatment 공정에대한표현으로서예로 Casting, Hardening 및작업조건으로서시간및압력등 3.2.8 specification ASTM, SAE 등과같은공공기관에서규정된조건으로서, 재료가만족해야할조건 3.2.9 specimen shape 시편의형상으로 Block, Pin 등 3.2.10 standard test specification 시험규정으로서 ASTM, SAE 등. ( 규정이제정되었다면시험은반드시규정에따라야한다 ) 3.2.11 subclass 분류내의세분류로서예로 Ferrous, Boride 등 4. Summary of Guide 4.1 본규정은 Computerized databases 를위한마모 Data 의기본 Form 을규정하며사용자가마모시험을포함하는원하는목적에적합한 Database 를만들수있도록충분한정보를제공된다. Database 에서의필수적인분야가표시되어있고사용자는필요에따라가감할수있다. 5. Significance and Use 5.1 본규정은 Computerized database 에입력을위한마모 Data 의영역을나누는데사용할수있도록. Data 를필수적인부분과부수적인부분으로나누고있다. 본규정은특별한 Data 양식의사용을강요하지않고 Computer data base 용특정 Software 를지지하지않는다. 5.2 Computerized databases 가증가함에따라 Data 의비교, 교환을위한 Data 의일관성이요구되고이에대한규정이필요하게되었다. 또한본규정의유용성은마모시험조건에대한자료도같이제공되어각각의마모 Data 가어떤조건에서만들어지는지를알수있어 Data 의유사성이나차이점을알수있다는것이다. 5.3 본규정의 Data 영역은사용자에의하여특정한목적에따라확장되고수정될수있으며. 본규정의합리적인구조내에서추가적인영역조절이가능하다. 5.4 본규정은 Rolling contact 마모시험, Galling, Erosion, Cavitation 시험등은포함하지않는다. Data 는표준시험또는안정된마모시험결과만포함한다. 5.5 본규정은재료의생산및구매에관련한 Data 와는연관이없다. 실제시험결과는실제재료의사양이나생산및판매자사이에결정된사안에따라기술되어야한다. 2/6
6. Data 분류 6.1 아래와같이마모 Data를 7개의일반영역으로분류한다. 6.1.1 Test Identification 시험번호와같은시험을나타내는 Code정보 6.1.2 Test Type Sliding wear test등과같은시험종류, 예로표준G 77, G 83 및 G 99 시험등 6.1.3 Test Conditions 시험하중과같은시험조건 6.1.4 Material Definition 시험에사용한재료에대한정보예로일반명칭등 (E 527 및 Guide E 1338참조 ). 6.1.5 Specimen Identification 시편에대한정보예로크기및표면조직등 (ANSI B46.1.85). 6.1.6 Test Results 시험결과를나열한다예로서마모량, 마찰계수 ( 자세한사항은 Guide G 115참조 ) 6.1.7 Documentation 위치, 시험Data에대한기록종류, 예로서발행처등 7. Data 양식 7.1 추천하는 Data 양식은 Table 1을참조한다. 이양식을사용한보기는부록 X1을참조한다. 각항은 3개의 Column을가지고각영역의이름은아래와같다. 7.1.1 Field Reference Number 본양식의지침에따른각영역내의번호로서영구적인값의의미나 Database에입력되는번호는아니다. 이번호는본지침 6장에제시한영역집합에입력한다. 7.1.2 Field Name or Description 영역의이름으로 Database의영역에정보를입력한다. 7.1.3 Field Type 영역의세종류로서아래와같이표시한다. 7.1.3.1 Category Sets 영역에모든가능한입력을포함하는완전한 Set 7.1.3.2 Alphanumeric 영역에대표입력 7.1.3.3 Numeric 제시한단위를가지는숫자 7.2 본양식에포함된영역은사용자가각 Database의 Data와비교하기에충분하고완전한정보를제공한다. 이영역에포함된내용은다양한사용자에게유용하게사용될수있다. 7.3 많은Database는. 매우특정한용도를위하여준비되었고각 Database를만든사람들은그목적에가치가없는 Data를제외한특정한정보만을뽑았다는것을알아야된다. 그러나. 어떤 Database에대해서도사용자가 Data를비교분석하기위해서는없어서는안될필수적이라고고려되는최소한의정보가있다. 추천하는양식 (Table 1) 에이를표시하였다. 7.4 이양식에서보여주는자료는모든 DB에적절한요소를포함하지는않는다. 단지대부분의 DB사용자에게최소한유용한요소를안내하고있다. 8. Keywords 8.1 computer; data; database; format; wear TABLE 1 Recommended Data Format for Sliding Wear Data A Field numbers 는단순히참고숫자로서 Database 에입력하지않는다. B 숫자인경우정확한값을모른다면추정값또는범위를삽입으로입력한다. C DB 구성상필수적인정보 D 서로다른시험기로부터의 Data 를비교하기위해서는시험기의설명이중요하다. 예로서 G 77, G 83, G 99 를참조한다. E 완전한시험조건의설명은필수적이다. 예로서습도, 대기환경등 F 형식및액체의유무, Base oil, Mineral 등의첨가되는화학첨가제, 점도등을표시 G Abrasive 형태, Grit 크기및범위, 고정또는비고정, 접착제, 연마재속도, 액체유무등을표시한다. 예 : Water slurry with 25 volume % AFS test sand, size 50/+70 sieve size(g 65, G 75, G 105, G 132 참조 ) [Note 마모편은이영역에표시하지않는다.] H 만일표준시험규격에명시되지않았다면형상과크기를표시한다. 예 : Hemispherical 0.5 mm radius pin vs Flat 3/6
TABLE 1 Recommended Data Format for Sliding Wear Data Field Number A Field Name or Description Field Type or Unit B Test Identification 1.1 C 1.2 C 1.3 C Individual test number Date of test Testing organization date Test Type 2.1 2.2 C 2.3 C 2.4 C 3.1 C 3.2 C 3.3 3.4 C 3.5 C 3.6 C 3.7 3.8 C 3.9 C 3.10 C 3.11 C 3.12 C 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 4.1 C 4.2 C 4.3 C 4.4 C 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 C 4.13 C 4.14 C 4.15 C 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 5.1 C 5.2 C 5.3 C 5.4 5.5 C 5.6 C 5.7 C 5.8 5.9 5.10 6.1 C 6.2 6.3 6.4 C 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Standard Test Specification Laboratory or Field test Nature of sliding test Test machine description D Load conditions Load value Pressure (nominal) Velocity conditions 7.1 Type of reference Test Conditions Velocity value or range Total sliding distance Sliding distance per cycle Test temperature Ambient temperature Type of motion Continuity of motion Contact environment description E Lubricated contact description F Abrasive contact description G Contact geometry H Other test information Material Definitions (Specimen Pairs, A and B) Material class, A Material subclass, A Common name, A Grade designation, A Specification, A Form, A Processing treatment, A Composition: name, wt/vol %, A Additional description Hardness, A Density, A Material class, B Material subclass, B Common name, B Grade designation, B Specification, B Form, B Processing treatment, B Composition: name, wt/vol %, B Additional description Hardness, B Density, B Specimen Identifications (Specimen Pairs, A and B) Specimen number or code, A Specimen shape, A Specimen dimensions, A Specimen surface texture, A Specimen number or code, B Specimen shape, B Specimen dimensions, B Specimen surface texture, B Specimen cleaning method Specimen surface production method Test Results Wear volume loss, A Wear Mass loss, A Other wear measure, A Wear volume loss, B Wear mass loss, B Other wear measure, B Static friction coefficient Kinetic friction coefficient Comments on test Documentation (1) laboratory (2) field (1) non-lubricated (2) lubricated (1) steady (2) variable N Pa (1) steady (2) variable m/s m m C C number, scale kg/m 3 number, scale kg/m 3 mm 3 g mm 3 g No unit No Unit (1) published (2) unpublished (3) technical committee report 7.2 C Location of reference (citation) (4) other 4/6
APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1. EXAMPLE OF USE OF GUIDE FOR DATA FROM A CROSSED-CYLINDER WEAR TEST (TEST METHOD G 83) X1.1 Table X1.1 presents this information in tabular form Field Number Field Name Value/Entry Test Identification 1.1 1.2 1.3 Individual test number Date of test Testing organization RCC1092 1 10-30-92 COMPANY,unit Test Type 2.1 Standard Test Specification Test Method G 83 2.2 Laboratory or Field test laboratory 2.3 Nature of sliding test non-lubricated 2.4 Test machine description NAME crossed-cyl in accordance with Test Method G 83 Test Conditions 3.1 Load conditions steady 3.2 Load value 36.4N 3.3 Pressure (nominal) 3.4 Velocity conditions steady 3.5 Velocity value or range 0.066 m/s 3.6 Total sliding distance 399 m 3.7 Sliding distance per cycle 3.8 Test temperature 24 C 3.9 Ambient temperature 24 C 3.10 Type of motion rotating 3.11 Continuity of motion steady 3.12 Contact environment description laboratory air, 41 % RH 3.13 Other test information solid lubricant coating Material Definitions (Specimen Pairs, A and B) 4.1 Material class, A polymer 4.2 Material subclass, A unfilled 4.3 Common name, A PTFE 4.4 Grade designation, A 4.5 Specification, A 4.6 Form, A coating, 0.5 mm thick 4.7 Processing treatment, A applied to 440C steel rod 4.8 Composition: name, wt/vol %, A 4.9 Additional description 4.10 Hardness, A 4.11 Density, A 4.12 Material class, B metal 4.13 Material subclass, B ferrous 4.14 Common name, B steel 4.15 Grade designation, B 440C 4.16 Specification, B 4.17 Form, B rod 4.18 Processing treatment, B 4.19 Composition: name, wt/vol %, B 4.20 Additional description 4.21 Hardness, B 4.22 Density, B 4.6 Form, A coating, 0.5 mm thick 4.7 Processing treatment, A applied to 440C steel rod 4.8 Composition: name, wt/vol %, A 4.9 Additional description 4.10 Hardness, A 4.11 Density, A 4.12 Material class, B metal 4.13 Material subclass, B ferrous 4.14 Common name, B steel 4.15 Grade designation, B 440C 4.16 Specification, B 4.17 Form, B rod 4.18 Processing treatment, B 4.19 Composition: name, wt/vol %, B 4.20 Additional description 4.20 4.21 Hardness, B 4.21 4.22 Density, B 4.22 Specimen Identifications (Specimen Pairs, A and B) 5.1 Specimen number or code, A No. 1 5.2 Specimen shape, A coated rod 5.3 Specimen dimensions, A 0.5-in. diameter by 4 in. long 5.4 Specimen surface texture, A 5.5 Specimen number or code, B No. 2 5.6 Specimen shape, B rod 5.7 Specimen dimensions, B 0.5-in. diameter by 4 in. long 5.8 Specimen surface texture, B 5.9 Specimen cleaning method hexane, acetone, methanol 5.10 Specimen surface production method Test Results 6.1 Wear volume loss, A 0.0219 mm3 6.2 Wear mass loss, A 6.3 Other wear measure, A 6.4 Wear volume loss, B 0.706 mm3 6.5 Wear mass loss, B 6.6 Other wear measure, B Documentation 7.1 Type of reference unpublished 7.2 Location of reference (citation) COMPANY (name, unit) 5/6
X2. EXAMPLE OF USE OF GUIDE FOR DATA FROM A DRY SAND/RUBBER WHEEL WEAR TEST (TEST METHOD G 65) X2.1 Table X2.1 presents this information in tabular form. Field Number Field Name Value/Entry Test Identification 1.1 Individual test number DS1280B 1.2 Date of test 12-01-80 1.3 Testing organization COMPANY, unit Test Type 2.1 Standard test specification Test Method G 65 Procedure A 2.2 Laboratory or field test laboratory 2.3 Nature of sliding test abrasive 2.4 Test machine description NAME Test Conditions 3.1 Load conditions steady 3.2 Load value 30 N 3.4 Velocity conditions steady 3.5 Velocity value or range 200 RPM 3.6 Total sliding distance 4309 m 3.8 Test temperature 24 C 3.9 Ambient temperature 24 C 3.10 Type of motion rotating, sliding 3.11 Continuity of motion steady 3.12 Contact environment description laboratory air, 41 % RH 3.13 Abrasion contact description AFS 50/70 test sand, 300 g/min flow 3.1 Load conditions steady 3.2 Load value 30 N 3.4 Velocity conditions steady 3.5 Velocity value or range 200 RPM 3.6 Total sliding distance 4309 m 3.8 Test temperature 24 C 3.9 Ambient temperature 24 C 3.10 Type of motion rotating, sliding 3.11 Continuity of motion steady 3.12 Contact environment description laboratory air, 41 % RH 3.13 Abrasion contact description AFS 50/70 test sand, 300 g/min flow 3.14 Other test information welded nozzle, dried sand Material Definitions (Specimen Pairs, A and B) 4.1 Material class, A polymer 4.2 Material subclass, A elastomer 4.3 Common name, A polybutyl rubber 4.6 Form, A thick rim on steel wheel 4.7 Processing treatment, A according to Test Method G 65 4.10 Hardness, A Durometer A-60 4.12 Material class, B metal 4.13 Material subclass, B ferrous 4.14 Common name, B tool steel 4.15 Grade designation, B D-2 4.17 Form, B bar 4.18 Processing treatment, B harden 1010 C, temper 1 h at 205 C 4.21 Hardness, B 59 HRC Specimen Identifications (Specimen Pairs, A and B) 5.1 Specimen number or code, A W 1466 5.2 Specimen shape, A rubber coated steel wheel 5.3 Specimen dimensions, A 9 in. diameter overall by 0.5 in. wide (includes 0.5 in. thick rubber coating) 5.5 Specimen number or code, B No. 2 5.6 Specimen shape, B flat 5.7 Specimen dimensions, B 0.5 in. thick by 1 in. by 3 in. 5.9 Specimen cleaning method hexane, acetone, methanol 5.10 Specimen surface production method A: turned; B: ground 200 grit Test Results 6.4 Wear volume loss, B 39 mm 3 Documentation 7.1 Type of reference unpublished 7.2 Location of reference COMPANY (name, unit) 6/6