한수지 49(6), 779-784, 2016 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6),779-784,2016 자연산과양식산동자개 (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) 의시기에따른영양성분변화 임치원 김민아 계현진 윤나영 송미영 1 심길보 * 국립수산과학원식품위생가공과, 1 국립수산과학원중앙내수면연구소 Seasonal Variation in the Nutritional Composition of the Muscle of Wild and Cultured Korean Bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Chi Woon Lim, Min A Kim, Hyun Jin Gye, Na Young Yoon, Mi Young Song 1 and Kil Bo Shim* Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea 1 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gapyeong 12453, Korea We evaluated seasonal variations in the proximate, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content of the muscles of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. The wild and cultured samples showed a significantly higher proportion of crude lipids than other components. Crude lipid content was highest in May in wild fish but lowest in May in cultured fish. We found no significant difference between wild and cultured samples in terms of fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as n-6/n-3, were higher in the muscles of wild fish compared with those of cultured fish. However, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) levels were higher in cultured fish. Both wild and cultured fish were good sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA). In wild fish, the Mg and Zn contents were highest in August, while the Ca, P, Na, K, Fe, and Cu contents were highest in May. However, the mineral content of the cultured fish did not exhibit significant seasonal variation. Key words: Korean bullhead, Proximate composition, Fatty acid, Amino acid, Minerals 서론,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Kim, 2008)..,,,,,,,, (Lee, 2009). 20.8% 19.0% 2,,,,,,,,, (Lee and Yoo, 2011).,..,,,,., (Gye et al., 2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2016.0779 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 779-784, December 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 13 October 2016; Revised 16 November 2016; Accepted 29 November 2016 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 720. 2650 Fax: +82. 51. 720. 2669 E-mail address: kilbo1221@korea.kr Copyright 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 779 pissn:0374-8111, eissn:2287-8815
780 임치원ㆍ김민아ㆍ계현진ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ심길보 (Yang and Lee, 1983), (Choi et al., 1984), (Kim and Lee, 1986), (Park and Kim, 1996).. 재료및방법, (5 ), (8 ), (11 ). Table 1. 일반성분 AOAC (1995), Kjeldahl, Soxhlet,. 지방산조성 Bligh and Dyer (1959) 5 chloroform : methanol (2:1 v/v), 14% BF 3 -methanol methyl ester, gas chromatography (GC; Shimazu GC 2010 Plus, Shimazu, Tokyo, Japan). 총아미노산함량 200 mg 6 N HCl 24 110., ph 2.2 50 ml 0.20 m membrane filter, (White et al., 1986). (Sykam DE/S-433D, Sykam, Eresing, Germany). 미네랄함량 1 g 65% (Suprapur grade, Merck, Darmstadt, Gremany) 10 ml 180 80 400. 10 ml. 2% (ADVANTEC No.5C, Tokyo, Japan) 100 ml Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP; Optima 3300XL, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). (MFDS, 2015). 통계처리, Duncan s multiple range test (P<0.05) (Steel and Torrie, 1980). 일반성분비교 결과및고찰 Table 2. 73 0.42 g/100 g 81.6 0.12 g/100 g 5.75 0.32 g/100 g 1.57 0.21 g/100 g (P<0.05). 17.2 0.41 g/100 g, 17.0 0.05 g/100 g 1.02 0.07 g/100 g, 1.09 0.05 g/100 g., (P<0.05). 77.7 0.30 g/100 g 72 0.59 g/100 g (P<0.05),. 4.32 0.09 g/100 g 6.57 0.38 g/100 g Table 1. The capture date and biological data of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Body weight (g) Body length (cm) May Aug. Nov. May Aug. Nov. Wild 82.5±31.4 125.9±20.0 147.2±51.3 18.6±6.8 22.9±12.1 24.9±32.1 Cultured 80.2±12.7 200.7±45.1 179.8±19.5 21.0±11.5 26.1±19.9 25.3±7.5
동자개의계절별영양성분변화 781 Table 2. The contents of proximate composition content (g/100 g) in muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Season Moisture Crude lipid Crude protein Ash Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured May 79±0.42 1,a 81.6±0.12 a 5.75±0.32 a 1.57±0.21 b 17.2±0.41 a 17.0±0.05 a 1.02±0.07 a 1.09±0.05 ab Aug. 77.7±0.30 a2 72±0.59 c 4.32±0.09 b 6.57±0.38 a 18.3±0.53 a 17.0±0.36 a 1.18±0.05 a 0.56±0.03 b Nov. 77.9±0.37 a 74.7±0.32 b 3.68±0.11 b 5.25±0.60 a 17.7±0.16 a 17.0±0.11 a 1.17±0.21 a 1.92±0.35 a 1 Mean±standard deviation. 2 Different superscripts within a same column are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range at P<0.05. (P<0.05). 18.3 0.53 g/100 g, 17 0.36 g/100 g 1.18 0.05 g/100 g, 0.56 0.03 g/100 g (P<0.05). 77.9 0.37 g/100 g, 74.7 0.32 g/100 g (P<0.05),. 3.68 0.11 g/100 g, 5.25 0.60 g/100 g (P<0.05),. 17.7 0.16 g/100 g 17 0.11 g/100 g 1.17 0.21 g/100 g, 1.92 0.35 g/100 g (P<0.05).,.., (Ackman and Takeuchi, 1986; Alasalvar et al., 2002; Fallah et al., 2011).,,.,,,,. (NFRDI, 2009), (81.6 g/100 g), (1.6 g/100 g), (15.7 g/100 g) (1.1 g/100 g),. 지방산조성비교 Table 3. palmitic acid (C16:0) oleic acid (C18:2n6). linoleic acid (C18:2n6), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3). 14 C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, DHA, EPA (Lee et al., 2011). 41.9-53.2 17.2-30.5%., palmitic acid (C16:0, 20.73%), oleic acid (C18:1n9, 35.61%), linoleic acid (C18:2n6, 3.40%), DHA (C22:6n3, 6.94%), EPA (C20:5n3, 2.45%) (Moon et al., 2012)., C18:0 7.12, 3.95%, C16:1, C18:1 5.52%, 33.8% 9.99%, 41.2%. C18:2 C18:3, C20:4, EPA. oleic acid. EPA. 총아미노산함량비교 leucine, lycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamic acid (Table 4). 14.9-15.4 g/100 g, 14.7-14.9 g/100 g,
782 임치원ㆍ김민아ㆍ계현진ㆍ윤나영ㆍ송미영ㆍ심길보 Table 3. The comparison of fatty acid (%) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Fatty acid May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured C14:0 1.04 1.73 2.23 1.81 2.29 2.19 C16:0 18.2 19.3 21.1 21.9 19.1 20.3 C18:0 7.12 3.95 5.85 5.11 4.23 4.42 Saturated 27.6 25.4 31 29.6 27.4 27.7 C16:1 5.52 9.99 10.73 7.78 11.16 7.83 C18:1 33.8 41.2 34.2 42.5 31.3 36.8 C20:1 2.51 3.57 1.48 2.46 1.29 2.74 Monoen 41.9 55.6 46.8 53.2 44.3 48 C18:2n-6 3.44 8.26 3.11 6.53 3.52 9.24 C18:3n-3 1.9 1.14 3.08 1.03 4.03 1.41 C18:4n-3 ND 0.2 0.26 0.15 0.26 0.21 C20:4n-6 4.71 0.95 2.76 0.79 3.14 1.11 C20:5n-3(EPA) 2.55 1.93 3.32 1.33 3.74 2.02 C22:6n-3(DHA) 9.37 4.77 4.07 4.63 6.72 6.78 Polyen 30.5 19.1 22.2 17.2 28.2 24.4 ND, not detected; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosa hexaenoic acid.. 6.33-6.52 g/100 g, 6.07-6.33 g/100 g,.,. 0.69-0.75, 0.7 (Iwasaki et al., 1985; Kang et al., 2010). Kim et al. (2014) 17 17.76 g/100 g. Glutamic acid aspartic acid 2.40 g/100 g, 1.63 g/100 g. 미네랄함량비교 (Table 5). 100 g, 296.6-382.3 mg, 179.3-241.3 mg, 34-87.1 mg, 23.9-33.1 mg, 16.8-41.5 mg, 0.40-0.86 mg, -0.07 mg, -0.03 mg., 13.9-22.5 mg/100 g, 16.9-41.5 mg/100 g.,. 177.4-211 mg/100 g, 181.6-241.3 mg/100 g,,. 49.4-57.4 mg/100 g, 34-87.1 mg/100 g. 296.6-357.2 mg/100 g, 298.7-382.3 mg/100 g. 0.21-0.58 g/100 g,, 0.40-0.62 g/100 g, -0.07 mg/100 g, -0.03 mg/100 g.,.,.. 2010 19 1 700-750 mg, 700 mg, 340-350 mg, 1,100-1,500 mg ( ), 3,500 mg ( ) 9-10 mg, 9-10 mg, 800 g, 55 g, 150 g, 4 mg ( ), 3-3.5 mg ( ), 600 g ( ). 19 1 650-700 mg, 700 mg, 280 mg, 1,100-1,500 mg ( ), 3,500 mg ( ) 8-14 mg, 7-8 mg, 800 g, 55 g, 150 g, 3.5 mg ( ), 2.5-3 mg ( ), 600 g ( ) (MHW, 2016). 1 19 ( ),,,,, (Recommended Nutrient Intake:
동자개의계절별영양성분변화 783 Table 4. Seasonal variations in total amino acid (g/100 g) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Amino acids May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Histidine 0.49 0.42 0.34 0.32 0.41 0.48 Isoleucine 0.72 0.50 0.72 0.65 0.78 0.71 Leucine 1.29 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.34 1.3 Lysine 1.31 1.41 1.43 1.44 1.44 1.39 Methionine 0.48 0.53 0.45 0.37 0.45 0.51 Phenylalanine 0.72 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.58 0.55 Threonine 0.72 0.73 0.78 0.76 0.77 0.78 Valine 0.77 0.58 0.68 0.71 0.75 0.55 Essential amino acids 6.47 6.07 6.33 6.23 6.52 6.27 Aspartic Acid 1.59 1.63 1.55 1.59 1.61 1.41 Serine 0.67 0.74 0.68 0.72 0.68 0.70 Glutamic acid 2.40 2.55 2.45 2.49 2.50 2.4 Proline 0.62 0.55 0.60 0.52 0.60 0.58 Glycine 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.06 Alanine 1.04 1.00 0.98 0.92 0.98 1.00 Cystine 1.03 0.79 0.78 0.73 0.76 0.78 Tyrosine 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.57 0.54 0.51 Arginine 1.03 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.98 Nonessential amino acids 8.96 8.85 8.59 8.59 8.72 8.42 Total AA 15.4 14.9 14.9 14.8 15.2 14.7 TEAA/TENN 0.72 0.69 0.74 0.73 0.75 0.74 Table 5. Seasonal variations in mineral content (mg/100 g) of the muscle of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Mineral May Aug. Nov. Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Wild Cultured Ca 22.5±3.39 41.5±26.01 18.8±2.96 18.4±6.48 13.9±5.28 16.9±3.23 P 211±18.4 181.6±20.3 207.7±3.41 179.3±7.03 177.4±0.90 241.3±23.6 Mg 28.9±0.48 23.9±4.02 32.6±0.36 33.1±0.18 21.4±0.19 31.2±7.86 Na 57.4±5.75 34±1.10 46.1±3.60 45.1±2.84 49.4±3.52 87.1±32.4 K 357.2±26.1 308.9±2.29 296.6±5.70 298.7±13.5 315.2±4.84 382.3±87.4 Fe 0.47±0.01 0.30±0.08 0.21±0.00 0.58±0.05 0.36±0.03 0.39±0.33 Zn 0.62±0.01 0.50±0.07 0.86±0.02 0.40±0.02 0.51±0.01 0.50±0.09 Cu 0.06±0.03 0.06±0.01 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.03±0.00 0.07±0.04 Mn 0.03±0.00 0.03±0.01 0.00±0.00 0.02±0.00 0.01±0.00 0.02±0.01 RNI),, (Adequate Intake: AI), 6.39%, 59.2%, 17.9%, 7.92%, 11.7%, 9.64%, 7.30%, 19.1%, 1.02%.,,. 5 6 (Kang et al., 2007),.,,.
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