* 1.... 2000 3 dt1950. 149273.,,..,,,,,,.,. 4(,,, ),,,. I.,. 1..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * ()
,., 2000335 37.. 200010 6, 1,220 ' ' 84.1%. 91.1%, 81.5%, 70.2% (, 2001)...,...,,,..,,...,...,,.,..
II. 1. (, 2001)(2) (36.4%), (28.7%), (27.7%), (17.7%),.(17.5%),. (12.2%), (11.5%), (10.9%), (9.3%). 45.4%. (,12,459 324)1999 2000 38% (site: my.netin.com/~hkumo/jung_edu). 3 2000 (2001) 1 221000, 371000. (1999), 14, 19, 28., 82.3%, 76%, 75.7%., 3,,, 6. 1997 183000 8.9%. 1 169000, 272000, 16.5% (, 1998). (1996) 65% 36. (1996)24, 112470. 67270, 45200. 6.2%. 15,9%. 2.,.
,,,,,.,,. 1., (, 1995)., (Schwenk, 1986; Turchi, 1975). (1999). (Schwenk, 1986). (1996)..., (, 1996;, 1996;, 1997)., (1999),.,,, (, 1996).,.,,. (Espenshde, 1984; Lino, 1990;, 1995). 3.,.
(),,,,...,.,. (, 1997).. 32000 (2001). 10 7. 1 221000, 371000. 72.5%4 96 5.8%. 56.0%. 37.9%, 2.5%, 1.7%. 30 84.8%, 4050.2% ' (dong.com, 2001) (1997) 32.1%. 77.5%, 14.5%,. 23.2%. (1993), (1978), (1996), (1997). (1996) 63.3%. 75%,. (1997), (1997), (1999), (1999),,,,,. (1997) 2.
. (1976) 21%,.. (1984)1 55.8%,. (1985) 3,. (1997) 100 (89.2%), 100200(84.9%), 200300(81.8%), 300400 (74.4%), 400 (44.4%)..,, (, 1999). III. 1. <1>? 1-1.? 1-2.? <2>? 2-1.,? 2-2.,,
? 2-3.,? 2-4.,? <3>? 3-1.,,,? 3-2.,? 2.. 3 2000.. 20003 dt dt. dt 1998 200033. 2 20 55 2094cse. dt 2055 2153dt. dt hhid2000' dt 1950cse.
. * 1:2: - : * 1:2:3: - : * 1: 2: 3: - : ( ) * 1:2:3: - : *. 1. ( 1950),,,,,,,,,, <1>.
<1> N (%) N (%) 513(26.3) 125 633(32.5) 1066(54.7) 126-250 916(47.0) 371(19.0) 251 401(20.6) (, 538(27.6) 1,815,428(), ) 100 631(32.4) (, 101-200 929(47.6) 367(18.8), ) 201 390(20.0) 1045(53.6) 1,582,785() 350 863(44.3) fulltime 670(34.4) 351-700 232(11.9) prtime 246(12.6) 701 855(43.8) 1034(53.0) 23,695,850() 35 788(40.4) 1500 422(21.6) 36-45 1004(51.5) 1501-3000211(10.8) 46-55 158(8.1) 3001 416(21.3) 77(3.9) 35,992,955() 159(8.2) 31(1.6) 13(0.7) 60(3.1) (13) (20) (7) : 3(2000). 129(6.6) 67(3.4) 24(1.2) 676(34.7) 1109(56.9) 165(8.5) 548(28.1) 517(26.5) 577(29.6) 488(25.0) 597(30.6) 396(20.3) 469(24.1)
2..,,, <2>. <2> N(%) 635 (32.6) 932(47.8) 252(12.9) 131(6.7) 0.94 10 11-20 21 408 (20.9) 435 (22.3) 368 (18.9) 21.96 () 10 425 (21.8) 11-20 598 (30.7) 21 284 (14.6) 149,273 () 94 (4.8) 3.97 : 3(2000). 315 (16.2) 494 (25.3) 457 (23.4) 47.8%, 12.9%, 6.7% 67.4%, 32.6%. 21.96, 3. 11-20 22.3% 10 20.9%. 149,273, 11-20 30.7% 10 21.8%, 21 14.6%.
25.3%, 23.4%.. <3> 217,100, 174,600, 137,900, 129,300, 118,300. 217,100 (1999), 240,000.,, (1999).. 13% 15%. /9% (10%), (13%). (1996) 112,470 6.2% (1997) 8.9%. 16.5%. < 3> () / / 129,300 0.15 0.09 118,300 0.07 0.07 137,900 0.08 0.09 174,600 0.08 0.10 217,100 0.15 0.13 : 3(2000).
.,,,,,,,,,,,, <4>.,,.,.,,..,,.,.. (Schwenk, 1986). 700 701,..,,,,,,. fulltime prtime.,,,. 701 351-700,.
<4> D D D D 13.71 4.14 c 125 11.46 4.10 14.09 3.96 126-250 13.96 4.01 18.36 3.97 251 20.35 c 3.72 F 11.44 8.49 F 40.84 16.79 (,, 13.94 3.94 ) 100 11.46 4.02 (, 101-200 14.13 3.99 16.92 4.00, ) 201 20.24 c 3.86 14.72 3.97 F 3.69 3.51 F 38.09 2.94 fulltime 15.23 3.88 350 13.20 4.02 prtime 15.60 4.18 351-700 12.91 4.13 14.56 3.97 701 16.79 3.88 F 0.57 7.31 F 11.99 6.53 35 12.47 3.95 150013.76 3.93 45 15.78 4.00 1501-300013.94 4.02 55 25.41 c 3.78 300116.96 3.87 F 34.40 2.36 F 4.31 1.41 17.00 13.15 15.77 8.75 3.77 4.01 4.06 3.75 F 3.10 1.08 10.27 3.94 16.58 3.87 13.44 3.97 10.63 4.12 F 4.90 0.39 12.10 3.84 14.25 4.02 17.68 3.93 F 10.83 5.02 (7) 12.93 3.92 (13) 12.72 3.99 (20) 19.24 4.03 F 29.17 1.43 18.16 c 4.25 14.25 3.77 15.07 4.12 11.89 3.76 F 11.71 27.33 *P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001 : 3(2000). 10 11-20 20 F 3.80 4.03 4.12 12.29
. <5>. ( ).,.,. <5> B () 0.17 (0.09) - 0.01(0.06) B () 1.12(0.12) - 0.01(- 0.01) fulltim e - 0.18 (- 0.01) 0.58 (0.31) * * prtim e 3.48 (0.14) 0.19 (0.08) 3.29 (0.17) - 0.06 (- 0.03) 3.16 (0.17) - 0.03 (- 0.02) 2.66 (0.08) 0.25 (0.08) - 4.38 (- 0.16) 0.20(0.08) 0.90(0.05) - 0.17 (- 0.09) - 0.02(- 0.00) - 0.10(- 0.05) 6.09 (0.30) 0.59 (0.31) * 4.24 (0.22) 0.43 (0.23) 1.61(0.06) 0.53 (0.22) - 0.98 (- 0.70) 0.05 (0.04) 0.03 (0.26) - 0.00(- 0.13) *P<.05 **P<.01-0.00(- 0.05) - 0.00(- 0.08) R 2 0.13 0.11 : 3(2000). 0.00(- 0.04) 0.00(0.06) 0.02(0.22) *
.,,,,,,,,,, <6>.,,,,,,.,.,,,,,,.,.,.,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,.
<6>,, D D D D 1.72 2.32 2.88 3.77 c 1.66 2.56 3.09 3.63 1.55 2.80 c 3.36 c 3.36 F 1.85 39.95 55.77 65.42 (,, 1.70 ) 2.57 3.06 3.65 (, 1.64, ) 2.42 3.00 3.60 1.65 2.57 3.13 3.59 F 0.30 5.07 6.27 2.38 fulltime 1.65 2.50 3.04 3.62 prtime 1.74 2.51 3.04 3.64 1.65 2.57 3.13 3.60 F 0.63 1.73 4.84 0.99 35 1.65 2.67 3.19 3.61 36-45 1.67 2.45 3.03 3.61 46-55 1.64 2.47 2.98 3.58 F 0.09 18.49 14.73 0.36 F 1.98 1.58 2.23 2.63 1.73 1.85 1.85 1.77 4.68 2.66 2.63 2.29 2.54 2.57 2.66 2.51 2.58 3.39 3.06 2.94 2.69 c c 1.69 6.64 3.18 3.24 2.88 3.00 F 0.13 0.53 4.27 1.65 1.64 1.83 2.51 2.56 2.50 3.07 3.11 3.04 3.40 3.64 3.77 3.77 3.73 3.44 3.73 3.71 3.61 3.61 3.64 4.97 6.29 F 2.20 1.07 1.25 0.20 (7) 1.57 2.67 3.20 c 3.60 (13) 1.75 2.58 3.10 3.61 (20) 1.63 2.39 3.00 3.64 F 2.72 18.08 12.25 0.71 1.64 1.66 1.70 1.67 2.55 2.50 2.59 2.54 3.01 3.08 3.20 3.09 3.56 3.68 3.53 3.64 F 0.20 0.97 6.17 8.05
<6> 125 126-250 251 F 100 101-200 201 F 350 351-700 701 F 1500 D D D D 1.83 2.10 2.80 3.25 1.55 1.50 13.54 1.82 c 1.59 1.40 13.66 1.77 1.50 1.52 10.27 1.83 2.63 3.03 c 223.58 2.16 2.60 3.03 c 176.29 2.27 2.61 2.80 c 109.59 2.40 3.16 3.40 c 117.88 2.82 3.15 3.37 c 95.07 2.89 3.10 3.28 c 76.85 3.01 3.62 3.83 c 161.05 3.25 3.63 3.81 c 145.09 3.44 3.69 3.76 c 82.75 3.74 c 1501-3000 3001 1.79 1.77 2.48 2.48 3.10 3.12 3.62 3.48 F 0.20 1.22 2.59 24.64 10 1.66 2.54 3.10 3.37 11-20 21 1.64 1.47 2.63 2.73 3.16 3.23 3.56 3.63 F 2.39 5.13 ** 3.63 * 19.67 *** 1.74 2.85 3.29 c 3.64 *P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001 : 3(2000). 1.46 1.62 2.84 2.55 1.68 2.48 3.00 3.41 F 1.92 18.46 *** 17.23 *** 9.96 *** 3.32 3.16 c 3.56 3.44.,,,,,, <7>.,,,. (),,
,.,,....,. < 7> B () B () B () B () 0.04 (0.17) - 0.01(- 0.08) 0.01(0.04) - 0.01(- 0.04) - 0.09 (- 0.07) 0.06 (0.07) 0.05(0.07) - 0.15 (- 0.27) * fulltim e - 0.31(- 0.14) - 0.12(- 0.07) - 0.24(- 0.16) 0.15 (0.12) prtim e 0.52(0.17) - 0.15 (- 0.07) 0.18(0.10) 0.05 (0.03) - 2.59 (- 1.17) * - 0.77 (- 0.45) 0.37(0.03) - 0.27 (- 0.23) - 2.99 (- 1.39) * - 0.53 (- 0.31) 0.13(0.09) - 0.42(0.36) - 1.81(- 0.54) - 1.24 (- 0.41) - 0.18(- 0.07) - 0.27 (- 0.13) 0.32(0.12) - 0.54 (- 0.22) - 0.29(- 0.15) 0.25 (0.14) 0.04 (0.02) - 0.37 (- 0.22) - 0.09(- 0.07) 0.17 (0.14) 0.32(0.13) - 0.23 (- 0.11) - 0.32(- 0.19) 0.25 (0.17) 0.33 (0.14) 0.19 (0.10) 0.13(0.09) - 0.29 (- 0.23) 0.08 (0.04) 0.09 (0.05) - 0.00(- 003) - 0.09 (- 0.08) 0.64 (0.22) - 0.11(- 0.05) 0.25(0.13) - 0.28 (00.17) 0.22(0.14) - 0.10(- 0.06) - 0.12(- 0.12) 0.08 (0.09) 0.00(0.01) 0.003 (0.34) * * 0.00(0.15) - 0.00(- 0.14) - 0.00(- 0.28) * - 0.00(- 0.01) - 0.00(- 0.14) 0.00(0.12) 0.00(0.19) - 0.00(- 0.01) 0.00(0.13) - 0.00(- 0.28) * 0.33 (0.27) * - 0.23 (- 0.24) * - 0.09 (0.13) 0.03 (0.05) - 0.02(- 0.20) - 0.00(- 0.07) - 0.01(- 0.08) 0.01(0.15) *P<.05 **P<.01 R 2 0.27 0.15 0.15 0.20 : 3(2000).
v..,....,,..,,,.,....,,. " " 9810 21 "2002: " "2002". "".,.,.,,
(2001), 2001.3.10, 1,19 (1978),, 8. (1993),,. (1997),, 19. (1992),. (1996),. (1999),,, 10(3). (1996),., (1999),, 37(10). (1996),, 14(3). (1994) 1994314. dong.com(2001),, [] 2001.5.15, (1996),, 14(2). (1996) ;,, 34(5). (1976),, 14(1). (1997),. (1997) -,, 8(2). (1997),. (1997),,, 19. (1996),. (1996),. (1996) - -,, 7(2). (1996) - -,, 7(1).
(2001) :, 2001920. (1995), 5. (1997),. (1998) :, 1026, 7. (1993),, 11(2). (1996) - 18 -,, 8(2). Becker, G.S.(1975) H umn Cp itl, Chicgo: The University of Chicgo Press. Espenshde, T. J. (1984) Investing in children - N ew estimtes of prentl exp enditures. Wshington, D.C.: the Urn Institute. Lino, M. (1990) "Expenditures on child y husnd- wife fmilies", Fm ily Economics R eview, 3(3). Schwenk, F. N.(1986). "Households with Expenditures for housekeeping services, including child cre", Fmily Economics R eview, 2(4). 15-20. Turchi, B.A. (1979) The monetry cost of child: The economics of f ertility in the United Sttes. Cmridge. Msschusetts: Bllinger Pu. Co. my.netin.com/~hkumo/jung_edu