Asa-pacfc Journal of Multmeda Servces Convergent wth Art, Humantes, and Socology Vol.7, No.3, March (2017), pp. 231-240 http://dx.do.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.03.14 도출을기반으로한실행공동체평가방법론 홍종의 요약 실행공동체의활성화를위한전략및성과평가를위한연구는다양하게이루어졌다그러나기존의실행공동체성과평가관련연구는대부분정성지표를활용하여실행공동체운영현황을파악하거나성과평가를통해실행공동체의중요성을검증하는것에초점을두었다실행공동체평가와관련된연구가대부분성과평가에만초점을두고있고평가를통한전략적피드백에는초점을두고있지못 하다따라서본연구에서는실행공동체를를기반으로전략적피드백이가능한평가방법론을제시하고자한다의와성과지표의는만족도함수를기반으로도출된다의의분석을통해실행공동체를운영하고있는조직에게전략적피드백이가능하다또한실제실행공동체를운영하고있는조직에평가방법론을적용하여적용가능성을검증한다본연구에서제시한평가방법론은실행공동체의성과평가뿐만아니라다면적성과를측정해야하는다양한방면의연구에적용가능하기 때문에다양한분야에서활용될수있을것으로기대된다핵심어실행공동체성과평가 Abstract 만족도함수핵심성공요소 Researches related wth strateges for cultvatng the CoP(Communty of Practce) and performance evaluaton of CoP were done dversely. However, the pervous researches had been focused on graspng the current status of CoP and verfyng the mportance of CoP based on performance evaluaton, by utlzng almost qualtatve performance measures. Researchers have analyzed the outcomes and current status of CoP though varous analytcal tools. Therefore, n ths research, we try to present an evaluaton method that enables strategc feedback based on GPI(Global Performance Index). The GPI of CSF and EPI(Elementary Performance expresson) of performance measure are extracted based on the desrablty functon. The analyss of GPI make strategc feedback possble to manage CoP effcently. We also apply the evaluaton method to the organzaton that manages the actual CoP and verfy the applcaton possblty. The evaluaton method presented n ths research s applcable not only to the performance evaluaton of CoP but also to the varous felds. Keywords : CoP, Performance Evaluaton, GPI(Global Performance Index), Desrablty Functon, Receved (January 4, 2017), Revew Result (January 18, 2017) Accepted (January 25, 2017), Publshed (March 31, 2017) 이연구결과물은 학년도경남대학교학술진흥연구비지원에의한것임 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyrght 2017 HSST 231
CSF(Crtcal Success Factor) 서론 실행공동체는조직내의다양한배경과경험을가진구성원들이업무와관련된동일한목적으로지식을창출공유재창조하기위한커뮤니케이션조직이다실행공동체는한조직내에서업무와연관된관심사의문제에대한향상된방안을찾기위해정기적으로활동하는조직이다사람간의관계에초점을맞춘실행공동체는암묵지의흐름을극대화하여성공적인지식경영을위한도약판역할을해줄수있다구성원들의자발적인학습을통한학습조직의실현과지식경영의성문화전략의주요수단으로실행공동체는이미많은조직에서이용되고있다및등과같은해외기업뿐만아니라대웅제약삼성생명등과같은국내기업에서도지식경영의핵심적도구로실행공동체를이용하고있다조직내외의실행공동체를구축및운영함으로써조직역량의강화자발적인혁신일의효율성증대변화에대한민첩성의증가와같은성과들이가시적으로나타나고있다현시점에서실행공동체의성과측정을토대로실행공동체를진단하고이를토대로실행공동체를전략적으로이끌어가는것이필요하다실행공동체를진단하고평가함으로써필요한정보가적시적소에수집가능해지며이는전략구축의핵심성공요소이다또한실행공동체의상황을진단및평가를통해도출함으로써각실행공동체별특화된맞춤전략을도출할수있다기존연구와같이모든실행공동체를하나의특성만을가진것으로간주하고단편적인가이드라인또는육성방안만을적용하는것은각실행공동체의특성및조직특성을고려하지않은것이다따라서실행공동체의현재상태를파악하고각실행공동체의상황에따라전략을도출하는것이필요하다실행공동체의성과와관련된연구는활발히이루어지고있다그러나실행공동체성과분석과관련된대부분의연구는실행공동체의조직내구축과성과를극대화하기위한요인분석에초점을두고있다또한실행공동체의활용성과와효과는다양한연구를통해검증되고있다조직내외의실행공동체를구축운영함으로써조직역량의강화자발적인혁신일의효율성증대변화에대한민첩성의증가와같은성과들이가시적으로나타나고있는것이다그러나실행공동체의현재상태를평가하고이를토대로전략적피드백을도출하고자하는방법론에관한연구는이루어지지않고있다실행공동체의상황을고려한차별화된전략을수립하기위해서는실행공동체의운영현황을평가할필요가있다그러나기존연구의경우대부분조직차원의일원화된전략즉조직관점에서실행공동체육성을위한전략만을제시하고있다다양한분석도구를활용하여실행공동체의성과또는상황을분석하고자하는시도가지속적으로진행되고있으나대부분의연구가정성적인평가나설문에의존하고있다를통해실행공동체전략간의단순중요도만을도출한연구를활용하여효율성을분석한연구만이정량적인연구로이루어지고있다또한실행공동체평가와관련된연구가대부 232 Copyrght 2017 HSST
Asa-pacfc Journal of Multmeda Servces Convergent wth Art, Humantes, and Socology Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 분평가에만초점을두고있고평가를통한전략적피드백에는초점을두고있지못하다따라서본연구에서는실행공동체를를기반으로전략적피드백이가능한평가방법론을제시하고자한다제시된평가방법론을실행공동체를운영하고있는조직에적용하여평가방법론의실행가능성을보고자한다본연구에서제시한방법론은실행공동체전략및의달성정도를값을기반으로파악할수있으며분석을통해실행공동체를효율적으로발전시키기위한전략의도출이가능하다나아가본연구의방법론은실행공동체의성과평가뿐만아니라성과를측정해야하는다양한방면의연구에적용가능할것으로기대된다 관련문헌연구 실행공동체성과평가에관한연구실행공동체를평가하기위한연구는다음의표과같다평가지표를도출한연구는실행공동체의성과를다양한측면으로구분하고각각성과의중요도를평가하였다평가지표를개발하고실행공동체의성과지표의상대적중요도를도출하였다실행공동체의성공요인을도출한연구는가정을수립하고를수집하여가정을검증하였다평가지표를제시하고사례연구를진행한연구는활성화에영향을미치는측면및평가지표를도출하여실행공동체의성과를제시하였다등을활용하여의성과인직무수행능력향상관계지향적열린조직문화형성조직경영성과제고등을평가하기위한연구가이루어지고있다 표실행공동체의평가관련연구실행공동체연구내용실행공동체를평가하기위한평가지표만을도출정성적지표만을제시정성적지표위주의개발평가를위한측면및평가지표를제시하고사례에적용실행공동체의성공요인및활성화를위한주요요인을도출정성적지표로실행공동체를평가 를 관련연구 그러나실행공동체의성과평가에관련된연구는단면적평가를하는수준에머무르고있으며실제평가를수행하였더라도평가결과를분석하고자하는시도는이루어지지않고있다평가지표를산출한연구의경우평가지표가실행공동체의전략과별개로도출되어전략적피드백이불가능하다따라서본연구에서는단순한평가만을주안점을두는것이아니라평가를넘어서전략적피드백을제공하는방법론을제시하고자한다 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyrght 2017 HSST 233
를기반으로성과평가를수행한연구 는크게가지방법으로도출되며도출방법은다음의표와같다를도출하는가지방법은비교대상간의쌍대비교모든평가지표의정성화모든평가지표의재무화그리고평가지표의정규화거리개념을기반으로한과사이값으로조정가있다 표 도출관련연구 도출방법도구관련연구 쌍대비교재무지표분석정성지표분석정규화 대안비교성과지표를재무지표로전환특정범위의값을가지는정성지표만을이용한분석거리개념을기반으로정규화 표에서제시된방법론은실행공동체의도출에는적절하지못하다따라서본연구에서는만족도함수를기반으로한산출방법론을새롭게개발한다만족도함수를이용할경우정성지표와정량지표선행지표와후행지표를모두정규화할수있다 방법론 실행공동체를평가진단하기위한평가지표는정성적인지표와정량적인지표가혼재되어있으며다양한측정단위시간돈레벨만족도퍼센트등를가지고있다기존연구의경우와같이단순쌍대비교를토대로상대적달성도를도출하거나단순한최댓값최솟값만을이용하여정규화하는과정만을제시하였다쌍대비교의경우비교대상이되는조직이나대안이반드시존재해야되며도출되는값또한상대적인특성을가지는한계가있다최대최소만을이용하는정규화의경우는지표의실제값과만족도가항상선형관계에있다고가정하고있다실행공동체핵심성공요소의달성도를파악하기위해서는이들의정규화가필요하다다면적인실행공동체평가와다양한측정값그리고평가지표의측정값과실제만족도사이에존재하는차이등을극복하기위해서는기존의정규화방법론을사용할수없다따라서본연구에서는이러한한계를극복하고자가제시한만족도함수을기반으로실행공동체의평가지표값을정규화하고자한다만족도함수는다른단위를가진지표들을만족도로변형해주는함수로서변환이분석적이며논리적이고간편한방법론이다만족도함수를이용해평가지표의값은 234 Copyrght 2017 HSST
Asa-pacfc Journal of Multmeda Servces Convergent wth Art, Humantes, and Socology Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 항상불만족과만족사이값으로표현되며를기반으로도출된의를통해전략적피드백이가능하다만족도함수기반의실행공동체성과평가방법론은다음의그림과같다 그림 연구방법론 첫번째단계에서는평가지표의을결정하는것이다망대망소망목으로평가지표를분류한다다음단계로평가지표의결과값의분포분석타조직의평가지표비교또는실행공동체를운영하는전문가의인터뷰를통해평가지표의목표치와최소허용치를도출한다또한설문조사또는자료조사를통해각평가지표의실제값을추출한다세번째단계에서는만족도함수의곡선모양을결정하는값을전문가인터뷰를통해결정한다값에따른곡선모양의변화는다음의그림와같다 그림 값에따른만족도함수곡선모양 의값이보다클수록평가지표의목표치가거의달성되어야지만만족도가상승하는평가 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyrght 2017 HSST 235
지표이며보다작을수록최소허용치만달성하더라도만족도가향상되는평가지표이다평가지표의종류에따라다음의만족도함수를적용하여각평가지표의만족도를도출한다망대망소특성의지표인경우수식을이용하고망목특성의지표인경우수식를적용한다 0 Y Y d = max Y Y 1 r f ( Y Y ) f ( Y < Y < Y max f ( Y Y ) max ) L(1) Y Y C Y Y Y d = C Y 0 max max s t f ( Y Y C ) ( max) f C < Y Y L(2) f ( Y < ) Y or( Y > max) Y 도출된성과지표만족도를기반으로의를도출하기위해다음의수식을적용한다를통해실행공동체의달성도를손쉽게알아볼수있으며기간별추이분석을기반으로기간에따른조직의실행공동체운영의변화및전체그림을판단할수있다뿐만아니라실행공동체개선을위해시급한전략및를추출할수있고실행공동체의활성화에크게영향을미치지않는부분을찾아낼수있다 GPI csf = ( d wcj 1 c j1 * d wcj 2 c j 2 * L* d wcjk c jk ) 1 Wcjk L(3) 본연구에서제시한방법론을국내사의실행공동체운영에적용하였다사의지식경영팀과실행공동체프로젝트에참여한전문가를대상으로인터뷰와설문조사를기반으로평가지표도출및정규화를위한데이터를획득하였다평가지표의실제값은문헌조사또는설문조사를통해도출하였다사는년역량강화와평생학습정보교류를목표로실행공동체를추진하였다도입초기에는직무학습동아리와동아리로분류하여실행공동체를운영하다년학습동아리로통합하여관리하고있다현재는혁신과학습을위해실행공동체를지속적으로운영지원하고있다개가량의실행공동체가운영되고있으면인당평균개의실행공동체에가입하여활동하고있다온라인상의토론이가능한를구축하고있으며오프라인모임또한운영하고있다다음의표은사에적용된지표중지식창출측면의지표이다 표 사례연구결과 활발한식창출공유 지및 평가지표단위지표특성지식활용수지식수인망대표준작업안이용이용수망대 실제지표값 최소허용치 목표치 는 또 만족도 236 Copyrght 2017 HSST
지식의적극적활용 개인역량강화에지식의영향 전문가의적극적활용 빈도우수지식조회건수개인역량강화정도실행공동체가입수토론빈도지식의실무적용개선에대한만족도지식조회건수초보자학습속도업무담당장부재시공백최소화외부전문가수외부전문기관비용질의응답건수 Asa-pacfc Journal of Multmeda Servces Convergent wth Art, Humantes, and Socology Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 다음의표는수식을기반으로도출된의및중요도이다의상대적중요도와를기반으로도출된결과이다사의경우오랜기간동안실행공동체를구축운영하였기때문에전체적으로달성도가높고상대적중요도가높은가달성도가높은것으로나타났다분석결과지식의적극적활용에역량을집중하여값을상승시킬필요가있다중요도가낮지만높은값을가진전문가의적극적활용에집중된역량을중요도가상대적으로높지만값이낮은지식의적극적활용에집중함으로써자원의효율성을극대화할수있을것으로기대된다사의이러한결과는실행공동체구축초창기에실행공동체가혁신을위한도구로써사용되었지만현재는학습조직을위한상생전략으로실행공동체로인식함으로써활발한지식창출및공유에대한요구가늘어난것으로보인다 표사의및상대적중요도 일지식수일 가입수인토론수월 평균조회수 전문가수비용응답수월 망대 망대 망목 망목망대망대 망대망소망소 망목 망소 망대 활발한지식창출및공유지식의적극적활용개인역량강화에지식의영향전문가의적극적활용 상대적중요도 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyrght 2017 HSST 237
결론 실행공동체의성과평가이나효과성에대한연구는다양하게이루어졌다그러나실행공동체의성과평가을기반으로실행공동체의효과성이나중요성만을검증하였을뿐성과평가를통해실행공동체를발전또는활성화시키고자하는연구는부족한실정이다따라서본연구에서는실행공동체의성과평가를통해전략적피드백을도출하기위한방법론을만족도함수를기반으로제시하였다실행공동체를평가하기위해서도출된평가지표는서로다른측정단위를가지고있음에도불구하고실행공동체전략의평가지표를정규화하기위한방법에대한연구는부족한실정이다따라서본연구에서는기존연구의이러한한계를극복하고실행공동체의성과평가를기반으로전략적인피드백을전달해줄수있는방법론을제시하고사례연구를통해이를적용하였다본연구에서제시한방법론을기반으로조직에서현재추진하고있는실행공동체의달성정도를값을기반으로파악할수있으며성과평가를기반으로자원이제약된상태에서실행공동체를효율적으로발전시키기위한전략의도출이가능하다나아가실행공동체의성과평가뿐만아니라다면적성과를측정해야하는다양한방면의연구분야에서도적용가능하다본연구에서제시한도출방법론을토대로조직의달성정도를손쉽게파악가능하고의달성정도를높이기위한방법이분석을통해발견가능할것이다뿐만아니라경쟁조직과의간비교를기반으로현재조직이경쟁조직에비해상대적으로경쟁우위인부분과경쟁력이없는부분의확인이가능하다또한시간별분석을통해조직의성과달성변화를파악할수있다그러나정규화과정에서목표치가설문조사를기반으로획득되기때문에주관적인견해가개입될수있다시간에따른의변화분석과벤치마킹업체와의비교분석에대한사례연구도필요하다 References [1] Wenger, E. (1998), Communtes of practce: learnng, meanng, and dentty, New York: Cambrdge Unversty. [2] Chu, M. T., Shyu, J. Z., Tzeng, G. H., & Khosla, R. (2007a), Usng non addtve fuzzy ntegral to assess performance of organzaton transformaton va communtes of practce, IEEE Transactons on Engneerng Management, 54(2), 1 13 [3] Ruuska, I. (2005), Socal structures as communtes for knowledge sharng n project-based envronments, Dssertaton, Helsnk Unversty of Technology. [4] Chu, M. T., Shyu, J. Z., Tzeng, G. H., & Khosla, R. (2007b), Comparson among three analytcal methods for knowledge communtes group ecson analyss, Expert Systems wth Applcatons, 33(4), 1011 1024 [5] Banker, R. D., Janakraman, H. C. & Konstans, C. (2004). A balanced scorecard analyss of performance 238 Copyrght 2017 HSST
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