(Regular Paper) 24 4, 2019 7 (JBE Vol. 24, No. 4, July 2019) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2019.24.4.602 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) HTTP a), a), a) A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media Minjeong Song a), Seong-geun Yoo a), and Sang-il Park a) QoE. HTTP HTTP/1.1 TCP.. HTTP UDP QUIC HTTP/2 MPEG-DASH QUIC-DASH. QUIC-DASH LTE.,. Abstract Various streaming technologies are being studied to guarantee the QoE of viewers due to the development of realistic media. HTTP adaptive streaming is a typical example, and it is based on HTTP / 1.1 and TCP. These protocols have become one of the causes of delaying the image delay and increasing the waiting time of web pages. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a QUIC-DASH system applying the UDP-based transmission protocols QUIC and HTTP / 2 to the MPEG-DASH system after analyzing various transmission protocols and development process of HTTP. Through experiments, the QUIC-DASH system confirmed the possibility of providing optimal performance in terms of transmission speed of LTE environment than existing system. We also suggest various future studies for better performance. Keyword : HTTP/2, HTTP/3, HTTP Adaptive Streaming, QUIC, MPEG-DASH a) IT (Dept. of Information Technology & Media Engineering Graduate School of Nano IT Design Fusion Seoul National University of Science and Technology) Corresponding Author : (Sangil Park) E-mail: sangilparkmail@gmail.com Tel: +82-2-970-6765 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-4975 This work was supported by an Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (No. 2016-0-00144, Moving Free-viewpoint 360VR Immersive Media System Design and Component Technologies) Manuscript received January 16, 2019; Revised April 26, 2019; Accepted June 25, 2019. Copyright 2016 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered.
2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media)., PC (Netflix), (Youtube) OTT (Over the Top) [15]. (Cisco) VNI 2021, 80% [16]. HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) (HAS, HTTP Adaptive Streaming). HAS HLS(HTTP Live Streaming), HSS(HTTP Smooth Streaming), HDS(HTTP Dynamic Streaming) MPEG MPEG-DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP). (QoS, Quality of Service) (QoE, Quality of Experience). QoE,, [6]. QoE [8]., VR(Virtual Reality) AR(Argumented Reality).. HTTP TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) -. IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) UDP (User Datagram Protocol) QUIC(Quick UDP Internet Connection), UDP UDP QUIC MPEG-DASH QUIC- DASH TCP DASH.. 2 QUIC TCP, UDP, HTTP/3. 3 QUIC-DASH. 4 HTTP/1.1 TCP MPEG-DASH HTTP/2 QUIC QUIC-DASH. 5. 1. QUIC. QUIC QUIC UDP, UDP [11]. QUIC HTTP HTTP/2, TLS(Transport Layer Security), TCP [1]. QUIC 2012 Jim Roskind 2013., QUIC (rebuffer) 30% [2,12]. QUIC TCP+TLS+HTTP/2. TCP Middlebox TCP. QUIC UDP TCP
[13]. 1.1 QUIC TCP (3-way Handshake).., TCP, HTTP/2 HoL(Head of Line) [9]. QUIC (Core) 0 (RTT, Round Trip Time).. QUIC UDP 1. HTTP/2 QUIC - Fig. 1. Request-response path for HTTP / 2 and QUIC 2. TCP, TCP+TLS, QUIC Fig. 2. TCP, TCP + TLS, QUIC connection establishment process
2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media). QUIC TCP. 1, QUIC.,., UDP TCP [10]. QUIC TLS. QUIC TLS 1.3,. HTTPS QUIC [3]. 2 TCP, TCP+TLS, QUIC. HTTPS TCP+TLS. HTTP DNS, TCP, TLS. QUIC TCP TLS TCP (Reneging) 0 RTT. 2. HTTP/3 HTTP/2 TCP [4]. TCP [5]. IETF TCP QUIC HTTP/3 2019 1 [7]. UDP QUIC HTTP/3 [12]. 3, QUIC HTTP/3 HTTP/2. TCP HTTP. 3. HTTP/2 HTTP/3 Fig. 3. HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 protocol stacks
1. QUIC-DASH. QUIC 0 RTT, QoE.. 1. 4. QUIC-DASH Fig. 4. QUIC-DASH system configuration diagram MPEG HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2.0 (Web Socket) [14]. MPEG HTTP/2 DASH TCP UDP gquic QUIC-DASH. TCP HTTP/1.1 MPEG- DASH. QUIC-DASH 4. 360(Gear 360) 360VR gquic. QUIC HTTP/2 UDP HTTP/2. MPD VR MPD throughput estimation. 360. QUIC-DASH HTTP/2.0 360VR HTTP/1.1+TCP HTTP/2+QUIC HTTP/1.1 QUIC 8 MPEG-DASH (DOM Contents Loaded). Wireshark. 5. Fig. 5. Configuration diagram of experiments HTTP/1.1 QUIC VMWare 12 Windows OS Ubuntu 18.04.
2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) Intel I5 4460 CPU 16GB. NAT(Network Address Translation) IP.. 5. 1.1 gquic proto-quic. QUIC QUIC-Version-39. HTTP/1.1 Node.js v.4.8.6. 4K 360VR x264. MP4Box 4000ms (Chunk) 1080p, 720p, 480p MPD. LTE 3,200Kbps. DASH Javascript Dash.js HTML, MPD. 1.2 Chromium. QUIC-Version-39 QUIC. gquic 6121, HTTP/1.1 8081. 2. 2.1 6( ), HTTP/1.1 DOM Contents Loaded 1.86. (Element). HTTP/1.1 8 39 23 14.1MB 6. HTTP/1.1+TCP ( ), HTTP/2+QUIC ( ) Fig. 6. HTTP / 1.1 + TCP experiment result (left), HTTP / 2 + QUIC experiment result (right)
. 6( ) gquic DOM Contents Loaded 1.85.. HTTP/2 8 38 23 14MB. 2.2 Wireshark HTTP/1.1 gquic Wireshark. HTTP/1.1 8081 DASH Wireshark Statistics I/O Graph 100ms. HTTP/1.1 TCP 8081. 7 I/O. MPEG-DASH I/O 0. LTE 3,200Kbps. Chromium. 8. 7. HTTP/1.1 DASH I/O Fig 7. DASH segment I/O graph of HTTP / 1.1 server without bandwidth limit 8. (3,200Kbps) HTTP/1.1 DASH I/O Fig. 8. A DASH segment I/O graph of HTTP/1.1 server with bandwidth limit(3,200kbps)
2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) 9. I/O Fig. 9. I/O graph at the point where the bandwidth has fallen sharply 10. Fig. 10. Packet messages at the point where the bandwidth has fallen sharply 11. (3,200Kbps) gquic DASH I/O Fig. 11. A DASH segment I/O graph of gquic server without bandwidth limit 9 I/O. 38.4, 10 TCP Window Full. TCP Window Full TCP. TCP (Slow start) [5]. TCP HTTP/1.1 Stall. gquic I/O
gquic 6121 DASH Wireshark Statistics I/O Graph 100ms. 11. 3200Kbps I/O. HTTP/1.1 Stall (3,200Kbps). 3. QUIC HTTP/1.1+TCP 1 800Kb. 23. QUIC HPACK UDP. QUIC-Version-39 gquic QUIC. Wireshark HTTP/1.1+TCP gquic I/O. LTE 3,200Kbps gquic. HTTP/1.1+TCP TCP Stall. Stall LTE MPEG- DASH. gquic UDP. DASH. 4. 4.1 HTTP/3 IETF HTTP/3 IETF-QUIC ngtcp2 -. HTTP/3 TCP HTTP HTTP/3. IETF-QUIC HTTP/3. 4.2 HTTP/3 (Prefetch) TCP HTTP MPEG-DASH HTTP/1 HOL. HTTP/1. UDP HTTP/3 HTTP/1. MPEG-DASH HTTP/3,.. QoE. HTTP, MPEG-
2 : HTTP (Minjeong Song et al.: A Study on Next Generation HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming Transmission Protocol for Realistic Media) DASH HTTP/2. HTTP/2 TCP TCP HOL. IETF HTTP/2 UDP QUIC HTTP/3. QUIC MPEG-DASH HTTP/2 QUIC-DASH. MPEG-DASH HTTP/1.1+ TCP HTTP/2+gQUIC - 360VR. HTTP/1.1 MPEG-DASH HTTP/2.0 QUIC-DASH, 23 request, 1 800Kb., 360VR. 3,200Kbps LTE HTTP/1.1+TCP. TCP Stall. gquic. TCP DASH gquic. MPEG-DASH. QUIC DASH HTTP/3. (References) [1] Biswal, Prasenjeet, and Omprakash Gnawali. "Does quic make the web faster?." Proceeding of 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). Washington, DC USA, pp. 1-6, 2016, https://doi. org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7841749 [2] Google Wants To Speed Up The Web With Its QUIC Protocol, https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/18/google-wants-to-speed-up-theweb-with-its-quic-protocol/ (accessed Nov 22, 2015) [3] Why Fastly loves QUIC and HTTP/3, https://www.fastly.com/blog/ why-fastly-loves-quic-http3 (accessed Mar 21, 2019) [4] HTTP/2, https://hpbn.co/http2/ (accessed Jul 10, 2018) [5] Stephen Ludin, Javier Garza, Learning HTTP/2, (Translated by Jaejoon Gang), O Reilly Media, USA, pp. 36-131, 2018 [6] Yunho Kim, Heekwang Kim and Kwangsue Chung, 2018, "Video Quality Maintenance Scheme for Improve QoE of HTTP Adaptive Streaming Service," Journal of KIISE, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 187-194, February 2018, https://doi.org/10.5626/jok.2018.45.2.187 [7] M. Bishop, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3 (HTTP/3), https://quicwg.org/base-drafts/draft-ietf-quic-http.html (accessed Jan, 2019) [8] Dooyeol Yun and Kwangsue Chung, 2016, "Segment Scheduling Scheme to Support Seamless DASH-based Live Streaming Service," KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 310-314, July 2016, https://doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2016.22.7.310 [9] Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP PROTOCOL Suite, 4TH EDITION, (Translated by ByungChul Kim and five others), USA, pp.435-521, 2009 [10] User datagram protocol, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc768, (accessed Aug.28, 1980) [11] Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over QUIC draft-ietf-quic-http-04, https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-quic-http-04, (accessed Jun. 13, 2017) [12] HTTP/3 explained, https://legacy.gitbook.com/book/ bagder/http3-explained/details, (accessed Jan, 2019) [13] Minjeong Song, Sunggeun Yoo and Sangil Park, A Study on Transmission Technology Trend of Web Based Realistic Media (VR / AR) Platform, The Journal of The Korean Institute of Communication Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 38-45, August 2018, http://www.dbpia. co.kr/journal/articledetail?nodeid=node07544687 [14] MPEG-DASH with Server Push and WebSockets, https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-dash/dash-server-push-and-websockets, (accessed Oct, 2017) [15] Yungyoun Kim and Kwangsue Chung, "A Video Quality Control Scheme Based on Content Characteristics for Improving QoE in DASH Environments," Journal of KIISE, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 1039-1048, Aug 2015, https://doi.org/10.5626/jok.2015.42.8.1039 [16] Cisco Predicts More IP Traffic in the Next Five Years Than in the History of the Internet, https://newsroom.cisco.com/press-release-content?type=webcontent&articleid=1955935, (accessed Nov 27, 2018)
- 2017 : IT - 2017 ~ : IT - ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-131x - :, HTTP Adaptive Streaming,, - 2013 : IT - 2015 : IT - 2015 ~ : IT - ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-454x - :, HTTP Adaptive Streaming,, - 1977 : - 1983 : Kansas State University - 1987 : University of New Mexico - 1987 ~ 1988 : University of Pittsburgh - 1988 ~ 1995 : Motorola DSP Semiconductor Design Manager - 1995 ~ 2006 : (,, ) - 2006 ~ 2012 : - 2009 ~ 2012 : PM - 2012 ~ : IT - ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-4975 - :, HTTP Adaptive Streaming,,