44-5(16) fm

KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 628~633 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2012.44.5.628 The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 전기분해수세척에따른배추의미생물및잔류농약제거효과 성정민 박기재 임정호 정진웅 * 한국식품연구원 Removal Effects of Microorganism and Pesticide Residues on Chinese Cabbages by Electrolyzed Water Washing Jung-Min Sung, Kee-Jai Park, Jeong-Ho Lim, and Jin-Woong Jeong* Korea Food Research Institute Abstract This study investigated the washing efficiency of electrolyzed water for the removal of microorganisms and pesticide residues from Chinese cabbage. Initial total bacteria and coliform counts were 6.64 and 3.56 log cfu/g respectively. After washing, total bacteria count of tap water (TW) were 5.97 log cfu/g and low alkaline electrolyzed water (LAlEW) and strong acidic electrolyzed water (SAcEW) were 1.63-4.67 log cfu/g. Especially SAcEW-100 was found to the most effective method of washing the cabbages. After washing, the coliform count was dramatically reduced. The removal rate of pesticide residues by NaClO treatment (36.93-50.13%) was greater than that of TW treatment (32.28-38.46%). The removal rate of LAlEW-100 and SAcEW-100 was 63.79 and 78.30% respectively, and was higher than those of TW and NaClO treatments. The vitamin C content of the Chinese cabbages after all treatments did not differ significantly. Consequentially, the electrolyzed water was found to be effective to remove bacteria and pesticide residues from Chinese cabbage without affecting quality. Keywords: microorganism, pesticide residue, electrolyzed water, washing, vitamin C 서 배추 (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) 의원산지는중국북부이며십자화과에속하는두해살이잎줄기채소로우리나라엽채류생산의절반이상을차지하는주요농작물이다 (1,2). 배추의생산량은년간약 240 만톤으로전국에서골고루재배되나강원, 경기, 전남, 전북지역에서주로재배된다. 봄배추는김해, 해남등지에서, 여름배추는강원도에서, 김장 ( 가을 ) 배추는당진, 화성, 양주, 서산, 청원등에서주로생산된다 (3). 배추는주로고랭지지역에서대규모의재배가이루어지고있기때문에서늘한기후와비료의과잉으로인하여작물이연약하게자라진딧물및배추흰나비등의병해충에의한피해가심각하다. 이때문에농산물의생산성과품질의향상을위해농약을방제하고있으며 (4), 강원도고랭지배추경작지의경우, 농민들이병해충의방제를위하여농약에의존하며농약안전사용기준미준수와같은농약의오 남용이심각한것으로보고하였다 (5). Cho 와 Moon 의연구 (6) 에따르면농민들의 50% 이상이농약사용기준을준수하지않을뿐아니라추천사용량의 2 배정도처리하는농민이 47.7% 로 *Corresponding author: Jin-Woong Jeong, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea Tel: 82-31-780-9137 Fax: 82-31-780-9144 E-mail: jwjeong@kfri.re.kr Received March 28, 2012; revised May 29, 2012; accepted August 8, 2012 론 나타나는것으로보고하였다. 농약의사용으로생산량증가라는유익성을주지만독성이강한농약들로인해소비자들에게직간접적인위해를줄뿐아니라나아가환경오염, 생태계파괴의문제도내포하고있다. 배추와같이토양에서재배되는농산물은재배시토양미생물의오염에의해품질저하가일어난다. 신선농산물에여러경로로오염된미생물은세척시제거되지않고물에닿기어려운틈새및표면의상처등에서살아남아높은농도로생육할수있으며, 특히비가열조리신선농산물은가열단계가없이섭취되기때문에여러병원성미생물에의한높은식중독의위험성을가지고있다 (7). 김치나절인배추의주재료로이용되고있는배추는가열처리없이생으로섭취를하기때문에미생물이나농약등의안전성에문제가생길수있다. 과일이나채소의미생물수를줄이기위해다양한종류의살균제를사용하고있으며, 이중염소용액을대표적인살균소독제로사용하고있다. 염소용액은항균작용의광범위성이나속효성에서인정받고있으나 THM (Trihalomethanes), 염화페놀등의독성물질이생성되어환경과건강에영향을미치는것으로알려져있다 (8). 반면, 수도수에소량의식염을가한후전기분해하여얻은전기분해수는처리대상의제약이적으며잔류물이없고물자체의오염에따른 2 차적인오염가능성이없다 (7). 또한전기분해수의강력한살균력은식품산업의현장에있어서식중독원인미생물의제거, 식품소재의살균등식품의안전성확보를위한유효한수단으로인정되었다 (9). 따라서본연구에서는전기분해수를이용하여배추의미생물학적저해효과와잔류농약제거효과를살펴보았다. 628

배추의미생물및잔류농약제거효과 629 재료및방법 실험재료및처리방법본연구에사용된재료는 2011 년 6 월강원도태백에서수확된 춘광 품종의배추를이용하였다. 평균구고는 26.33 cm, 구폭은 16.67 cm 이며무게는 2.85 kg 이었다. 세척방법으로는무세척, 수돗물 (tap water, TW), 차아염소산나트륨 (NaClO) 용액, 강산성전해수 (Strong acidic electrolyzed water, SAcEW) 및약알칼리전해수 (Low alkaline electrolyzed water, LAlEW) 를사용하였으며, 유효염소함량은각각 50, 100 ppm 농도로이용하였다. 세척방법은배추무게 10 배의세척수에 10 분동안침지한후시험에사용하였다. 잔류농약제거효과를알아보기위해농약을사용지침서의사용량에따라증류수에용해하여 2L 의희석액에 1 분정도침지후 24 시간동안건조하여세척수별로세척한다음농약잔류량을분석하였다. 사용된농약성분은살충제로 chlorpyrifos, prothoifos 와 deltamethrin 이다 (Table 1). 산화 - 환원전위 (ORP) 및차아염소산 (HClO) 농도산화환원전위는 ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential) meter(re- 12P, TOA Electronics, Tokyo, Japan) 사용하여측정하였으며, 차아염소산함량은식품공전에따라전기분해수 50 ml 에 KI 2 g, acetic acid 10 ml 와전분지시약을몇방울가하여흑갈색이되도록한후 0.1 N Na 2 S 2 O 3 용액으로흑갈색의용액이투명해질때까지적정하여농도를측정하였다. ph 는 ph meter(ab 15 Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) 로측정하였다. 미생물측정배추 30 g 을멸균백에넣고무게의 10 배의멸균된 0.85% saline 용액을넣어 stomacher 로 1 분간균질시킨후각각의시료액을 1 ml 씩취하여 9mL 의멸균된 0.85% saline 용액으로희석하여페트리디쉬에 1mL 씩넣은후 pouring method 로실험하였다. 배지는총균수는 plate count agar 를, 대장균군수는 chromacult agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 를사용하였으며배지를부은후 37 o C 에서 24 시간배양한후 colony 수를측정하여 colony forming unit(cfu) 으로표시하였다. 잔류농약분석및회수율측정세척처리에따른시료의추출, 정제및잔류농약분석은식품공전 (10) 방법으로하였다. 배추 50 g 을 300 ml beaker 에담고 100 ml acetonitrile 을넣어균질기로 1 분간균질화한후감압여과한다. 여과액을 NaCl 10 g 이담긴분리병에담고 1 분간진탕한후층분리가되도록 3 시간방치하였다. 분리된상층액 20 ml 을취하여 40 o C 이하의수욕조중에서질소가스를통과시키면서소 Table 2. GC condition for the analysis of the pesticide residue Instrument GC2010 (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) Detector ECD Column DB-5 (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 µm) Injector temp. 260 o C Detector temp. 280 o C 120 o C 2 min (10 o C/min) Oven temp. 220 o C 2 min (7 o C/min) 250 o C 2 min (7 o C/min) 280 o C 15 min Carrier gas N 2 Column flow 1.0 ml/min Split ratio ECD:split mode 20:1 Injection volume 2 µl 량남을때까지농축한후일정액으로정용하였다. 정제를위해 Florisil cartridge(waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) 를활성화하였다. Florisil cartridge 에 hexane 5 ml 와 20% aceton/hexane 5mL 를통과시킨후농약추출액을 cartridge 상단에넣고용출시켰다. 용출액은다시농축하여 20% aceton/hexane 으로일정량으로하여 GC 시험용액으로사용하였다 (Table 2). 회수율측정은동일시료 50 g 에농약표준용액을 1ppm 씩넣어혼합한다음동일한방법으로분석하였다. 회수율은농약첨가량에대한 % 로산출하였다. 비타민 C 측정비타민 C 함량은식품공전 (11) 에의한방법으로동결건조된시료 0.2 g 에 5% metaphosphoric acid(hpo 3 ) 용액 20 ml 을가하고 blender(ka-2600, Kaiser, Seoul, Korea) 로 1 분간중속으로균질화시킨고원심분리기 (Centrikon T-324, Kontron Instruments, Milan, Italy) 를이용하여 8,000 rpm 에서 10 분간원심분리하여얻은상등액을 0.45 µm filter 로여과한후적당히희석하여 HPLC 에주입하여분석하였다. 표준물질은 L-ascorbic acid(sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO., USA) 를사용하였다. Column 은 µ- Bondapak C 18 (125Å, 3.9 300 mm, 10 µm; Waters Co.) 를사용하였고, solvent 조건은 water 1 L 에 methanol, acetic acid 각각 10 ml 씩, 1-hexane sulfate sodium 을 1g 을첨가하였다. Flow rate 는 0.8 ml 였으며, 검출파장은 254 nm, injection volume 은 20 µl 였다. 통계처리실험결과의통계처리는 SAS system(cary, NC, USA) 을이용하여분산분석 (ANOVA) 을하였으며각처리구간유의성은 Duncan s multiple range test 를이용하여 p<0.05 수준에서유의성을검증하였다. Table 1. General information of the pesticides used in this study Pesticide Chloropyrifos Prothiofos Deltamethrin Structure Formula C 9 H 11 Cl 3 NO 3 PS C 11 H 15 Cl 2 O 2 PS 2 C 22 H 19 Br 2 NO 3 M.W. 1) 350.6 345.2 505.2 MRS 2) 0.5 0.05 0.5 1) M.W. : molecular weight; 2) MRLs : maximum residue limit.

630 한국식품과학회지제 44 권제 5 호 (2012) 결과및고찰 세척수의이화학적특성본연구에사용된세척수의종류는차아염소산나트륨용액 (NaOCl), 강산성전해수 (SAcEW), 약알칼리성전해수 (LAlEW) 로초기유효염소농도는각각 47.52-56.73 과 93.61-106.00 ppm 수준이었다 (Table 3). 세척동안농도가감소하는경향을보였으며특히 SAcEW-50, 100 처리구의차아염소산농도가초기에비해 10% 수준감소하여가장높은감소를나타냈다. 전해수는소량의식염을 TW 에첨가, 전기분해하는것으로얻어지는데, 희석된 NaCl 은전해수장치내부의양극과음극을통과하여전기분해를통해살균유효성분인차아염소산을생성한다. 전기분해시증류수에용해된 NaCl 은음성의 Cl 와양성의 Na + 로분해되며동시에 OH, H + 도생성된다. Cl 와 OH 와같은음이온은전자를잃고양극으로이동하여, O 2 기체, Cl 2 기체, OCl, HOCl 과염산을생성하며 H + 와 Na + 같은양이온은전자를얻어음극으로이동하여, H 2, NaOH 를생성하게된다 (12). 염소화합물중가장많이생성되는형태는 HClO 으로미생물살균에가장효과적이며같은농도의 ClO 보다 80 배이상살균력을가진다 (13). SAcEW 의경우 SAcEW-100 의세척 10 분경과후 79.76 ppm 로초기에비해 15% 이상감소하였으며 NaClO-100 과 LAlEW-100 은각각 7.6 과 6.3% 감소하였다. ph 는 TW 의경우초기 7.55 수준이었으며세척 10 분후 7.34 수준으로다소감소하는경향을나타내었다. NaClO-100 과 LAlEW-100 의경우초기에 ph 9.55 와 ph 9.05 수준에서세척 10 분후각각 ph 9.03 과 ph 8.58 으로감소하여다 른처리수들에비해높은감소를나타내었으며 SAcEW-50, 100 은초기 ph 3.31-3.62 로강산성수준이었으며세척동안큰변화가없었다. TW 의초기 ORP 의경우 606 mv 로 NaClO 와 LAlEW 의 753-771 mv 와비슷한수준을나타낸반면 SAcEW 의경우 1137-1150 mv 로높은수준을나타내었다. 세척동안 TW 와 SAcEW 의경우, 감소하였으나 NaClO 와 LAlEW 의경우다소증가하는경향을보였다. 높은 ORP 는미생물세포막을공격하여방어기전에손상을입히게된다 (14). 호기성균증식에적당한 ORP 는 200-800 mv 이며 200-400 mv 범위는혐기성균의증식에적당한것으로알려져있다 (15). 미생물세척에의한미생물제어결과, 초기총균수는 6.64 log cfu/g 수준이었으며세척동안감소하는경향을나타내었다 (Fig. 1). TW 처리구의경우세척 10 분후 5.97 log cfu/g 수준이었으나세척수처리구의경우세척 3 분경과 2.34-4.88 log cfu/g 으로 TW 보다효과가높음을알수있었다. NaClO 처리구의총균수는 4.01-4.67 log cfu/g 로 TW 처리구에비해높은감소를보였으나 LAlEW 와 SAcEW 처리구보다는낮은감소를나타내었다. 기존의소독제로많이사용하고있는 NaClO 용액에비해전해수의살균효과는뛰어난것을확인할수있었으며 Graòa 등의연구 (16) 에서도비슷한결과를나타내었다. 특히 SAcEW 처리구의경우세척수들가운데가장높은감소효과를보였으며세척 10 분경과후 1.63 log cfu/g 으로 5 log cfu/g 이상의감소를나타내었다. SAcEW-50 처리구는 NaClO-100 처리구에비해감소효과가높았으며전해수 Table 3. Change on physicochemical properties of the washing water Washing time(min) Treatment 1) 0 3 5 10 HClO ph ORP (mv) TW - - - - NaClO-50 56.73±1.27 a2) 58.15±0.40 a 56.02±1.52 a 52.65±1.05 b NaClO-100 106.00±0.80 a 97.86±1.34 b 97.86±1.54 b 90.77±1.14 c LAlEW-50 47.52±1.29 ns 46.10±0.85 46.80±1.20 46.98±1.62 LAlEW-100 99.29±0.71 ab 99.99±2.31 a 92.96±6.24 b 97.16±2.04 ab SAcEW-50 51.06±0.94 a 46.09±2.11 b 43.97±2.53 b 43.26±1.94 b SAcEW-100 93.61±1.95 a 81.56±6.44 b 81.56±7.04 b 79.43±0.84 b TW 07.55±0.10 ns 07.40±0.06 07.43±0.26 07.34±0.06 NaClO-50 09.54±0.01 a 09.12±0.03 b 08.96±0.03 b 08.89±0.04 b NaClO-100 09.55±0.12 a 09.10±0.01 b 09.04±0.01 b 09.03±0.08 b LAlEW-50 08.77±0.05 ns 08.60±0.05 08.61±0.05 08.70±0.02 LAlEW-100 09.05±0.01 a 08.88±0.08 b 08.80±0.08 b 08.58±0.02 c SAcEW-50 03.62±0.03 ns 03.60±0.06 03.60±0.06 03.61±0.06 SAcEW-100 03.31±0.02 ns 03.32±0.01 03.32±0.01 03.32±0.03 TW 0606±6.00 a 0456±7.55 b 0398±1.00 c 0364±1.00 d NaClO-50 0771±16.00 ns 0770±25.00 0780±15.00 0776±9.00 NaClO-100 0753±33.00 ns 0759±30.00 0774±7.00 0774±9.00 LAlEW-50 0763±21.00 b 0811±14.29 a 0823±10.00 a 0821±10.00 a LAlEW-100 0770±10.00 c 0795±14.00 b 0799±2.00 ab 0814±8.00 a SAcEW-50 1137±5.00 ns 1130±80.00 1129±6.00 1128±7.00 SAcEW-100 1150±4.00 ns 1145±5.00 1142±8.00 1141±6.00 1) TW: Tap water, NaClO-50: NaClO aqueous solution containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, NaClO-100: NaClO aqueous solution containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-50: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-100: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-50: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-100: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine. 2) Means with different letters (a-d) in a raw are significantly different at p<0.05 by Duncan s multiple range test.

배추의미생물및잔류농약제거효과 631 Fig. 1. Effects of washing treatment on total bacterial count in Chinese cabbage. TW: Tap water, NaClO-50: NaClO aqueous solution containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, NaClO-100: NaClO aqueous solution containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-50: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-100: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-50: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-100: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine. Fig. 2. Effects of washing treatment on coliform count in Chinese cabbage. TW: Tap water, NaClO-50: NaClO aqueous solution containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, NaClO-100: NaClO aqueous solution containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-50: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-100: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-50: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-100: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine. 를이용한사과의세척효과에대한연구에서도 50 ppm 농도의산성전해수가 100 ppm 농도 NaClO 용액과비슷하거나높은효과를보였다고보고하였다 (16). 대장균군의경우초기 3.56 log cfu/g 수준이었으며 TW 처리구의경우총균수와유사한감소경향을보였다 (Fig. 2). 세척 10 분경과후 NaClO 처리구는 0-2.33 log cfu/g 으로감소하였으며 LAlEW-50, 100 과 SAcEW-50, 100 처리구는대장균군이검출되지않았다. 특히, SAcEW-100 처리구의경우세척 5 분경과후대장균군이모두제어된것으로나타났다. 농도별미생물제어효과는세척수의농도가높을수록높은것으로나타났다. 총균수의경우 10 분경과후, 세척수의종류에관계없이농도 50 ppm 의경우 1.97-3.10 log cfu/g 감소하였으며 100 ppm 의경우 2.63-5.01 log cfu/g 감소한것으로나타났다. 결과적으로세척수처리구가 TW 처리구보다효과가높았으며세척수가운데서도 SAcEW 처리구가가장높게나타났다. 이는높은산화환원전위 (ORP) 로인한세포막의손상으로 HOCl 이쉽게침투하여산화작용으로미생물제어를할수있기때문이다 (14). 세척수의종류에관계없이농도가높을수록미생물제어효과가높았다. 시간에경과에따른미생물제어효과는총균의경우 NaClO, SAcEW, LAlEW-50 처리구는 3 분경과후급격히감소하였으며, 그이후비슷한수준을유지하였으며 SAcEW-100 처리구는 10 분처리시까지유의적인감소를나타내었다 (p<0.05). 대장균군의경우모든처리구에서는 10 분처리동안유의적인감소를나타내었으며 TW 처리구와 NaClO 처리구를제외하고 10 분경과후모두제어되었다. Suzuki 등 (17) 은양상추의경우, 미생물제어를위해약산성수에 10 분동안침지하면충분하다고보고하였으며 Soli 등 (18) 은 5 분간침지하면충분하다고보고하였다. Lin 등 (19) 은엽채류와오이를유효염소농도가 50 ppm 인강산성수에 15 분이상침지하였더니화학적장애가발생하였다고보고하였다. 본연구의결과미생물제어를위해전해수세척시 10 분동안침지할경우효과적일것으로판단된다. 잔류농약시험에사용된잔류농약성분은 chlorpyrifos, prothiofos 및 deltamethrin 이었으며회수율은각각 95.61, 103.53 및 96.38% 이었다. 농약은현대농업에있어서필수적인농업자재로농산물의생산성제고, 품질향상및풍요로운먹거리공급뿐만아니라노동력과농업생산비를절감시켜는장점이있다. 지구상의농약이없을경우전체의 30-80% 의농산물생산만이가능하게될것으로보고되었다 (20). 하지만농약은환경을오염시키며건강을해칠수있다. 유기인계농약은아세틸콜린에스터레이즈라는효소를억제하여충추신경계의전달에문제를일으킬수있다 (21). 채소류의잔류농약을조사한연구결과농약검출건수가엽채류가가장많았으며그중배추는천체엽채류의 7.1% 가검출되었으며 1.8% 가농약잔류허용기준 (MRLs) 을초과하였다고보고하였다 (22). Seung 등의연구 (23) 에서도배추의잔류농약분석결과, 327 개의배추샘플중 66 개의샘플에서농약이검출되었으며 2 개의샘플이 MRLs 를초과한것으로보고하였다. MRLs 는법적허용량으로서식품에존재가능한최대잔류한도 (maximum residue limit) 를뜻하며 (24) 식품공전에따르면배추의경우 chlorpyrifos, prothiofos 및 deltamethrin 의 MRLs 는각각 0.5, 0.05 및 0.5 ppm 이다. 침지처리구잔류농약의농도는 1.13, 1.91 과 0.67 ppm 이며 TW 처리한결과 0.77, 1.25 및 0.41 ppm 수준으로 32.28-38.46% 감소결과를나타내었다 (Table 4). Jegal 등의연구 (25) 결과배추를 TW 에세척한결과유기인계농약의제거율은 19.4-41.0% 로본연구와비슷한수준을나타내었다. 세척처리후 chlorpyrifos 제거효과는 NaClO-50 처리구를제외한모든처리구는 TW 처리구에비해유의적으로높은감소효과를나타내었다 (p<0.05). 특히 LAlEW-100, SAcEW-100 처리구들의경우감소율이 61.24-68.73% 로 TW 처리구에비해두배이상의감소를보였다. Choi 등의연구 (7) 에서사과의잔류농약제거효과에서 TW 에비해전해수, 염소수, 오존수, 및초산용액이효과적이며, 농산물에많이사용

632 한국식품과학회지제 44 권제 5 호 (2012) 소율은 50.13-78.30% 로 50 ppm 농도처리구의감소율 36.93-54.30% 에비해 1.38 배이상의효과를보였다. 전해수의잔류농약분해는이산화염소수와오존과마찬가지로강력한산화제로써농약의이중결합에작용하는것으로판단된다 (26). 비타민 C 세척처리하지않은처리구의비타민 C 함량은 81.94 mg/ml 수준이었으며세척처리후비타민 C 함량은 88.63-98.41 mg/ml 으로처리구들간에유의적인차이를보이지는않았다 (Fig. 3). 유자세척시세척방법에의한비타민 C 의차이는없었으며 (27), 쌈채소의세척에대한연구에서염소, 초음파및오존수를이용하여세척할경우 TW 의일반세척과마찬가지로비타민 C 함량에는영향을미치지않는것으로보고하였다 (28). 요 약 Fig. 3. Vitamin C contents of Chinese cabbage with various washing methods. Control: no washing, TW: Tap water, NaClO-50: NaClO aqueous solution containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, NaClO-100: NaClO aqueous solution containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-50: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-100: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-50: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-100: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine. 되고있는 chlorpyrifos 의경우전해수처리시 53.7% 감소하여가장높은감소율을나타내었다고보고하였다. Prothiofos 결과 NaClO-100 처리구의감소율은 48.09% 이며 LAlEW-100 과 SAcEW- 100 처리구는각각 65.86 과 74.06% 로잔류농약제거효과는 SAcEW>LAlEW>NaClO 순서로나타났다. Deltamethrin 또한위의결과와비슷한경향을나타냈다. NaClO-50 처리구의 deltamethrin 감소율은 36.93% 로 TW 처리구 38.46% 와유사한결과를나타내었으나다른처리구들은 41.96-78.30% 로 TW 처리구에비해높은감소결과를나타내었다. 100 ppm 농도처리구들의감 위생적인배추생산을위해전기분해수를이용하여미생물저해효과와잔류농약제거효과에대해연구하였다. 대조구는 TW 로세척하였으며, 상업적으로많이사용되고있는 NaOCl 용액으로세척하여비교하였다. 배추의초기총균수와대장균군수는각각 6.64, 3.56 log cfu/g 수준이었으며침지시간이길어질수록감소하는경향을나타내었다. 10 분경과후, TW 처리구는 5.97 log cfu/g 수준이었으며 LAlEW 와 SAcEW 처리구는 1.63-4.67 log cfu/g 수준으로감소하였다. 특히 SAcEW-100 처리구는 1.63 log cfu/g 수준으로초기에비해 5 log scale 이상감소하여가장높은효과를나타내었다. 대장균군수는초기에 3.56 log cfu/g 수준에서 10 분경과후, TW 와 NaOCl-50 처리구를제외하고검출되지않았다. 잔류농약의경우, 초기 chlorpyrifos, prothiofos 및 deltamethrin 함량은각각 1.13, 1.91 및 0.67 ppm 이었다. 세척후, TW 처리는 32.28-38.46% 감소하였으며 NaOCl 처리구의감소율은 36.93-50.13% 으로 TW 의 1.5 배수준감소하였다. LAlEW-100 처리구와 SAcEW-100 처리구의감소율은 63.79-78.30% 감소하여 TW 와 NaOCl 처리구에비해효과적이었다. 비타민 C 함량은세척수에따른차이를보이지않았다. 결과적으로전기분해수는품질에영향을주지않으면서미생물제어와잔류농약제거에효과가있는것으로나타났다. Table 4. Pesticide residue and removal rate of Chinese cabbage with various washing methods Treatments 1) Removal rate Pesticide residues Removal rate Pesticide residues Removal rate Pesticide residues Chlorpyrifos Prothiofos Deltamethrin (%) (%) (%) Initial 1.13±0.05 a 1.91±0.13 a 0.67±0.01 a TW 32.28±5.74 c2) 0.77±0.07 b 34.59±5.26 c 1.25±0.10 b 38.46±9.12 e 0.41±0.00 b NaClO-50 42.47±5.34 bc 0.65±0.06 bc 46.76±6.35 bc 1.02±0.12 b 36.93±0.10 de 0.42±0.03 b NaClO-100 48.07±9.79 b 0.59±0.11 c 48.09±7.68 bc 0.99±0.15 bc 50.13±3.80 cd 0.33±0.05 cd LAlEW-50 48.71±7.17 b 0.58±0.08 c 48.85±9.24 bc 0.98±0.18 bc 41.96±8.16 cde 0.39±0.05 cd LAlEW-100 63.79±9.01 a 0.41±0.10 d 65.86±11.12 a 0.65±0.21 d 65.97±1.26 ab 0.23±0.01 e SAcEW-50 61.24±1.03 a 0.44±0.01 d 61.68±6.95 ab 0.73±0.13 cd 54.30±8.61 bc 0.31±0.06 d SAcEW-100 68.94±4.10 a 0.35±0.05 d 74.06±8.01 a 0.50±0.15 d 78.30±5.19 a 0.15±0.03 f 1) TW: Tap water, NaClO-50: NaClO aqueous solution containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, NaClO-100: NaClO aqueous solution containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-50: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, LAlEW-100: low alkaline electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-50: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm concentration of available chlorine, SAcEW-100: strong acidic acid electrolyzed water containing 100 ppm concentration of available chlorine. 2) Means with different letters (a-f) in a column are significantly different at p<0.05 by Duncan s multiple range test.

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