6LoWPAN IPv6-based Wireless Sensor Network 아주대학교 김기형
Contents 1. Internet of Things 2. 6lowpan Header Compression 3. 6lowpan Architecture 4. ISA 100 5. Sensor Web 6. 6lowpan Mobility 7. 6lowpan Planning 8. 6lowpan Security Framework 2
Internet of Things
6lowpan Header Compression Pan Src64 Pre SFD Len FCF DSN Dst16 Src16 Dispatch HC1 HC2 IP UDP TCP App Fchk Pan Dst64 Fragmentation MultiHop Fragmentation Mac H Adaptation H Network& Transport H App H 4
Major Characteristics of 6lowpan High Interoperability Seamless Connectivity to Internet (IPv4/v6 support) WiFi, Wireless Mesh, Ethernet, IEEE 802.15.4, RIP, OSPF High Reliability Automatic Faulty Router Detection and Network Recovery MAC-assisted End-to-End Transport Protocol (mtcp) Automatic State Restoration after Reboot Multi-Router Support High Scalability Multi-Router Interworking Scalable Tree-based Routing Protocol (HiLow) Mesh Routing Protocol Easy Configuration Automatic Neighbor Discovery IPv6 Autoconfiguration Plug & Sensing Capability Management SNMP-based Management, ping Web-based Monitoring and Management
Simple 6LoWPAN Edge Router (whiteboard for node registration)) Infrastructure Cloud 6lowpan Node 6lowpan Router (forwarding) 6lowpan-ND Router Advertisement Router Solicitation Neighbor Solicitation (Extended LoWPAN) Neighbor Advertisement (Extended LoWPAN) Node Registration Node Confirmation 6lowpan Host (only source or sink of datagrams)
Extended 6LoWPAN Large scale sensor network design with a backbone link and edge routers Router Infrastructure Cloud Edge Router Edge Router Backbone Link Edge Router Edge Router
Standardization Activities for 6lowpan Design and Application Spaces for 6LoWPANs Problem Statement and Requirements for 6LoWPAN Routing Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams in 6LoWPAN Networks IPv6 over Low Power WPAN Security Analysis Service discovery for 6lowpan 6lowapp 8
ISA 100 센서네트워크 ISA 100 유선망-유연성의 부족 무선망- 신뢰성의 부재
ISA 100 Architecture 10
ISA 100 Architecture (2)
ISA 100 Channel Hopping Supports both dedicated time slots for predictable, regular traffic and shared time slots for alarms and bursty traffic
IPSO Alliance 13
Sensor Web 국내외 센서연구망 연동 방안 이기종 테스트 베드망간의 확장성을 위한 국제표준 적용 필요 효율적인 네트워크 모니터링을 통한 네트워크 관리 방안이 요구 국제 표준을 적용한 테스트베드 관리 방안 요구 <KOREN 활용> KOREN 활용 <Federated IP-USN Testbed Testbed BoF와의 와의협동연구>
Sensor Web (2) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) 구조 SensorML Description of Sensors Images Node Data Encoded in Q&M or SensorML Platform Temperature User Registration Request Data Encoded in SWE Format XML 인코딩 표준 - SensorML (Sensor Model Language) - TML (Transducer Mark-up Language) g - O&M (Observation and Measurement) Send Notification Search Available Services 서비스 모델 표준 - SPS (Sensor Planning Service) - SOS (Sensor Observation Service) - SAS (Sensor Alert Service) - WNS (Web Notification Service)
Sensor Web (3) Web 기반 지도 정보 서비스 연동 기술 Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) Sensor Observation Service Sensor Planning Service Web Notification Service Catalog Service Middleware Clients 16
Sensor Data flow in Sensor Web
Green IT by Sensor Networks 1. Energy saving and preserving the Earth is now Global agenda, while there is an economical benefit and incentive for private companies. 2. controlling Integration points of separated sub-systems, e.g., Air-conditioning, lightening, security, IT. Huge operational cost Large energy (e.g., gas, electricity) cost About 30% energy saving has achieved! Proprietary technologies Large complex has more than 200K monitoring and Each systems use different technology Let it with open TCP/IP technology (i.e., IPv6) COP3 by United Nation 10%-30% energy saving Large number of sensors/actuators, and they do not care about the version of IP 1. Improve portfolio 2. Increase asset value 18
Life-time cost in Building System Life time portfolio (in office building) Yearly portfolio (in office building) Design cost Repair General and Administration Expenses Construction cost Depreciation and amortization Cleaning Maintenance Out-sourcing Utility cost (ex., Electricity) 21% Repair & Renew Maintenance Tax for Fixed Asset Oil, Gas Water Electricity 22.4% Source : http://www.satobenec.co.jp/products/lcc/energy/concept/concept.html 19
Metropolitan design; Real-Space Internet with IPv6 Intelligent Office Location Information Service Crime prevention system Intelligent Navigation Intelligent community (BBS) Video contents distribution Recycling System Factory Area Management System waste processing plant Environment Purification / Recycling Local Energy Management (supply, storage, monitoring, saving) power plant Local Security Management (Prevention of crime and fire) Care facilities home Hospital Electronic Commerce Intelligent local government (risk management, monitoring, data management) Police Station Convenience store Cyber public space service Local school Government Cyber library One-stop admin. service Cyber museum Electronic election Source: Matsushita Electric Works Health Care Medical Check Local Safety Management (Location, Health Care)
Sensor Mobility lowmob: Intra-PAN Mobility Support Schemes for 6lowpan 21
전력소모 최소화를 위한 6lowpan 아키텍쳐 설계 다중라우터와 이중티어기반 토폴로지자동설정 빌딩 센싱 목적에 따라 설치된 센서들 : 스텁(Stub) 노드 : 센서 노드 : 6lowpan 게이트웨이 (또는 라우터)
전력소모 최소화를 위한 6lowpan 아키텍쳐 설계 다중라우터와 이중티어기반 토폴로지자동설정 빌딩 : 스텁(Stub) 노드 : 센서 노드 : 6lowpan 게이트웨이 (또는 라우터)
전력소모 최소화를 위한 6lowpan 아키텍쳐 설계 다중라우터와 이중티어기반 토폴로지자동설정 빌딩 : 스텁(Stub) 노드 : 센서 노드 : IP-USN 게이트웨이 (또는 라우터)
전력소모 최소화를 위한 6lowpan 아키텍쳐 설계 다중라우터와 이중티어기반 토폴로지자동설정 기존 Disk Cover알고리즘 계산 복잡도 O(n^17) IEEE Transactions on Computers (2007) Lliod and Guoliang 개발된 PGA 와 FA 알고리즘 계산 복잡도 O(n^2) 실험된 모든 랜덤토폴로지에 대해 Disk Cover보다 좋은 결과를 냄. <개발된 자동설정알고리즘의 실행시간비교> f2trnp PGA FA 35 30 Region= 100x100, R=r=20 PGA #SN Time (Sec) Time (msec) Time (msec) 5 0.016 0.16 0.0522 10 0.047 0.2 0.0522 # RN 25 20 15 10 f2trnp FA Tiled 15 166 0.3 0.0566 5 20 2442 04 0.4 0.05710571 25 Few days 0.5 0.0581 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 # SN
Security Framework for 6lowpan NETWORK LIFE TIME Boot Strapping Time Secure Neighbor/CL Discovery Normal Processing Time Intrusion Detection System Secure Node Addition/ Scalability Authentication Malicious Node /Activity Detection Sleep State Management Key Generation Revocation of malicious node Node Mobility Key Distribution Re-Keying Secure Routing Protocol Data Encryption Link Layer Security (hop by hop) Transport Layer Security (End to End) Attack Identification Trust and Privacy 26 Source: A unified security framework with three key management schemes for wireless sensor networks
Conclusion Internet of Things 6lowpan ISA100 Sensor Web Green IT by Sensor Networks Mobility 6lowpan Planning 6lowpan Security Framework 27