韓國環境復元技術學會誌 18(3):97~107(2015) DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2015.18.3.97 J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 18(3):97~107(2015) ISS 1229-3032 - 억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디 - 조성록 1) 김재환 1) 심상렬 2) 1) 산수조경건설 ( 주 ) 2) 청주대학교환경조경학과 Pratical Use of Several round Covers on a Slope Revegetation Construction - Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Festuca arundinacea, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Zoysia japonica - Cho, Seong-Rok 1) Kim, Jae-Hwan 1) and Shim, Sang-Ryul 2) 1) SA-SU Landscape Architecture Construction Co., Ltd., 2) Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Cheongju University. ABSTRACT Research was initiated to investigate a vegetation characteristics of the species of ground cover plants mixed with herbeceous and woody plants on a cut slope. 4 different ground cover plants (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Festuca arundinacea and Zoysia japonica) were seeded at the same rate of 10.0g/m 2 with herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Coreopsis drummondii L) at the total seeding rate of 7.5g/m 2 and native woody plants (Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria and Albizzia julibrissin) at the total seeding rate of 7.5g/m 2, respectively. This experiment was treated with 3 replications on a randomized block design. Data such as surface coverage rate, the germinating number, plant height and visual quality were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rate and the germinating number. First author:cho, Seong-Rok, SA-SU Landscape Architecture Construction Co., Ltd., Tel:+82-32-543-1356, E-mail:sansu729@hanmail.net Corresponding author:shim, Sang-Ryul, Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Cheongju University, Tel:+82-10-6432-4932, E-mail:srshim@cju.ac.kr Received:8 May, 2015. Revised:9 June, 2015. Accepted:15 June, 2015. - 97 -
98 조성록 김재환 심상렬 The surface coverage rate and the germinating number were significantly high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively from the viewpoint of ground covers. Especially, the surface coverage rate was considerably low in the Festuca arundinacea plot. However, the surface coverage rate and the germinating number were no statistic differences observed in this treatment from the viewpoint of herbaceous and woody plants. Also, both of the plant height and visual quality were high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively. We concluded that Pennisetum alopecuroides was the optimum plant from the treated ground covers mixed with native woody and herbaceous plants for the balanced emergence from the viewpoint of the ecological slope vegetation. Key Words:round cover, Surface coverage rate, erminating number, Plant height, Visual quality. I. 서론우리나라는국토면적의 60% 이상이산지지형으로이루어져있어전국토에걸쳐도로공사및각종건설공사로인하여매년비탈면이증가하고있는실정이며, 이러한훼손비탈면은식생의생육기반이불량하여자연복원력만으로녹화되기까지오랜기간이소요된다. 각종건설공사로인해발생되는비탈면은경사가매우급하고, 양분및수분공급이어려운열악한조건으로식물생육에매우불리한조건을가지고있다 (Pritchett and Fischer, 1987). 특히, 비탈면의토양은척박하기때문에녹화용식생은무엇보다도척박지에서견디는식물이어야하며, 조기녹화를이룰수있어야한다 (Korea expressway corporation, 1995). 최근에는도로건설등으로발생되는훼손지를생태적으로건전하게복원하기위해생태복원녹화에대한관심이높아지고있고, 새로운환경기술로인식되면서매우다양한녹화용식물이언급되고있으며 (Ministry of Environment, 2001), 적절한종자선정과파종량및종자배합 에관한연구가지속적으로진행되고있다 (Jeon and Woo, 1999; Kim and Shim, 2009). 비탈면녹화를위해서는주변생육환경을개선하기위한녹화기술개발과함께녹화에이용되는소재로써식물의성질을이해하는것이필수적이다 (Shim and Kim, 2006). 훼손비탈면의생태복원은식물로인하여비탈면이안정화되고, 경관미가향상되는만큼식물의선정및생육이중요한요소로작용하고있으며 (Shim and Kim, 2006), 이러한녹화용식물은비탈면의열악한토양과온도, 건조등의극단적인기후변화에대한적응성이높아야한다 (Andreson, R. C., 1996). 일반적으로비탈면녹화에주로사용되는초본류는목본류에비해조기발아속도가빠르며, 발아율이높고, 종자를쉽게구할수있어활용가치가크다 (Kim, 2009). 그러나녹화용으로사용되는지피식물의경우초기정착속도가비교적빠른외래종위주로사용하고있으며, 이러한외래도입초종들은여름철하고현상으로인한황변화로매우불량한경관이연출되며, 자생종과의천이경쟁에대한문제점으로시간이지나면서재황폐화되는결과
99 가나타나고있다 (Kim, 1997b). 훼손비탈면의조기회복을지향하기위해서는나지상태의비탈면표층부분을보호하여안정시키는초기녹화목표를수립해야함과동시에궁극적으로지향하는복원목표에부합되는비탈면녹화공법과주변환경과조화를이루는식물종을선정하여야하며, 생태복원용식물의녹화특성을파악하고사용해야한다 (Shim and Kim, 2006). 하지만, 아직까지훼손비탈면에외래도입종, 초화류, 목본류를혼합하여파종할경우어떠한식생이유지되는지에관한연구가미흡한수준으로지속적인연구가요구되고있다. 과거외래도입종위주의녹화에서최근에는자생종을많이사용하는등녹화식물방향이변화하고있으며, 비탈면녹화용식물로초화류와목본류등의이용이활발해지고있다. 선행연구로생태복원용초화류과꽃, 달맞이꽃, 큰달맞이꽃, 감국, 벌개미취, 도라지, 쑥부쟁이, 개미취, 민들레, 마타리, 벌노랑이등에관한연구 (Shim and Kim, 2006) 및지피식물억새, 수크령등과같은생태복원용식물에관한연구도진행되었으나 (Cho and Lee, 2014), 식물은자연환경의영향을많이받기때문에파종후혼파배합한식생구조가어떠한결과를나타내는지또한예측하기어려운실정이다 (Jeon and Woo, 1999). 따라서본연구는비탈면의자연친화적인녹화를위해녹화용식물로많이사용되고있는지피식물억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디와초화류및목본류를혼파처리하여비탈면녹화특성을파악하고지피식물류의활용에관한기초자료로제시하고자한다. II. 재료및방법 1. 공시식물의발아율및파종량공시식물은비탈면녹화용으로널리사용되고내건성이우수하며척박한토양에잘정착하는목본류 ( 싸리나무, 자귀나무, 낭아초 ) 와초화류 ( 벌노랑이, 패랭이, 쑥주쟁이, 구절초, 대금계국 ) 를선정하고, 지피식물로많이이용되는억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디등을선정하여혼합하였다. 발아실험은 2012년 5월 11일부터한달간발아상 (B.O.D. Incubator: DAE LIM) 내에서온도를주간은광조건 25 C 8시간, 야간은암조건 15 C 16시간으로설정하고, 종자당 100립을기준으로 3반복으로실험하였으며 (Anonymous, 1964), 식물의유근이 2mm이상나온것을발아한것으로간주하였다. 파종량은국토해양부 도로비탈면녹화공사의설계및시공지침 (2009) 에의거하여얇은식생기반재뿜어붙이기종자량을근거로실험구별 25g/m 2 을산정하였다 (Table 1). 2. 실험구조성및관리본연구의실험장소는충북청주시청주대학교예술대학내절토부토사비탈면에서실시하였으며, 실험구의조성은다음과같다. 먼저비탈면의표면을정리하고식생기반재가잘부착되도록면네트를설치한후식물종자가배합된식생기반재를 1cm두께로비탈면위에포설하였다. 실험에사용된식생기반재는배양토, 임목파쇄칩, 마사토등이혼합된생육보조재 (10,000g/m 2 ) 와물 (24l/m 2 ), 녹화용접착제 (200g/m 2 ) 를적정기준으로배합하였으며, 물성은함수율 43.28%, ph 6.8, EC 0.79dS/m, C.E.C 43.31cmol/kg, 전질소 () 0.82%, 유기물 23.47%, 염분농도 0.08% 인것을사용하였다. 단위실험구의크기는 1m 1m(1m 2 ) 의정사각형으로지피식물의종에따라 4개의실험구를 3반복처리하였으며, 2012년 6월 23일에실험구를완성하였다 (Figure 1). 본연구는지피식물종에따른혼파처리가비탈면녹화에미치는영향을알아보고자목본류와초화류의파종량은동일하게처리한상태에서지피식물로선정한억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디등을시험구별로억새 10.0g/m 2, 톨훼스큐 10.0g/m 2, 수크령 10.0g/m 2, 한국잔디 10.0g/m 2 등으로각각나누어조성하였다.
100 조성록 김재환 심상렬 Table 1. Plant germination rate and seeding amount of each plot used in this experiment. Flora Scientific name Korean name Woody plants ative herbaceo us plants round Cover Plants.R z.s y T1 x (g/m 2 ) Treatment(Seeding amount) T2 (g/m 2 ) T3 (g/m 2 ) T4 (g/m 2 ) Lespedeza bicolor Turcz 싸리나무 63.5 130 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Albizzia julibrissin 자귀나무 50.3 25 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria 낭아초 68.8 180 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Sum 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus 벌노랑이 68.2 920 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Dianthus sinensis 패랭이 78.4 750 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Aster yomena 쑥부쟁이 60.1 1,590 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Chrysanthemum zawadskii 구절초 31.3 1,700 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Coreopsis drummondii L 대금계국 82.5 400 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sum 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens 억새 53.2 770 10.0 - - - Festuca arundinacea 톨훼스큐 89.7 410-10.0 - - Pennisetum alopecuroides 수크령 58.6 310 - - 10.0 - Zoysia japonica 한국잔디 60.4 1,470 - - - 10.0 Sum 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Total 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 z : ermination rate. y : umber of seed per 1g. x T1 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens: 10.0g/m 2 ). T2 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Festuca arundinacea: 10.0g/m 2 ). T3 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides: 10.0g/m 2 ). T4 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Zoysia japonica: 10.0g/m 2 ). 실험구관리는조성후강우량이적어한달간표면건조상태에따라 3회관수 (20mm/1회수준 ) 를실시하였고, 식물발아가진행된이후는관수를중단하고자연상태를유지시켰고, 주변에서침입한잡초발생이많아 7 9월까지한달간격으로잡초제거를실시하였으며, 이후에는인위적관리없이자연상태를유지시켰다. Figure 1. Picture of experimental plots.
101 3. 조사및분석방법지피식물종에따른식물생육특성을알아보기위하여식물이어느정도발아된 2012년 7월부터 2013년 9월까지 8차례에걸쳐, 각실험구의지면피복율, 발아개체수, 초장 / 수고, 시각적평가등을조사하였다. 시각적평가는실험구별지면피복율, 종다양성및생장등을기초로전반적인생육상태와경관을측정하여가장우수한경관을 9점, 가장불량한경관을 1점으로평가하였다 (Shim et al., 2010). 분석방법은통계분석프로그램 SAS system for window V9.1(SAS instiute Inc, 2004) 을이용하여지피식물종에따른식물생육특성측정결과를처리하였으며, 측정별평가의차이는최소유의차 (LSD) 로검증하였다. III. 결과및고찰 1. 식물생육특성 1) 지면피복율지피식물종에따른목본류와초화류및지피식물류의지면피복율을측정하였으며그결과 Table 2. Vegetation coverage rate affected by different seeding amount of ground cover plants. Seeding amount of roung cover plants z y 2012 7/30 8/29 9/28 10/30 Treatment1 9.0 x 6.0b 15.0ab 37.7 12.0b 49.0ab 44.3 14.3b 58.7ab 46.6 15.7a 62.3 Treatment2 7.7 7.3b 15.0ab 45.0 0.0d 45.0b 50.0 0.0c 50.0b 52.3 0.0b 52.3 Treatment3 10.7 13.7a 24.3a 39.3 17.3a 56.7a 41.7 19.7a 61.3a 43.0 19.7a 62.7 Treatment4 8.7 3.7b 12.3b 46.0 7.7c 53.7ab 43.7 15.3b 59.0ab 46.7 15.3a 62.0 LSD(0.05) S 6.1 9.8 S 2.9 9.3 S 4.3 9.9 S 5.6 S Seeding amount of roung cover plants z y 2013 5/4 6/15 7/29 9/16 Treatment1 39.3 x 15.3a 54.7 51.7 11.7a 63.4 56.7 11.7a 68.3 63.3 11.7a 75.0bc Treatment2 51.7 0.0b 51.7 58.3 0.0b 58.3 65.0 0.0b 65.0 71.7 0.0b 71.7c Treatment3 45.0 19.3a 64.3 56.7 14.3a 71.0 59.0 14.3a 73.3 67.4 14.3a 81.7a Treatment4 46.7 16.3a 63.0 62.7 5.7ab 68.3 68.3 5.0ab 73.3 76.0 4.0bc 80.0ab LSD(0.05) S 5.6 S S 10.1 S S 9.4 S S 8.3 6.1 z Treatment1 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment2 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Festuca arundinacea: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment3 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment4 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Zoysia japonica: 10.0g/m 2 ). y W : Woody plants and ative herbaceous plants, : round Cover Plants. x values with the same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05 level by LSD-test. S : statistically not significant.
102 조성록 김재환 심상렬 는다음과같다 (Table 2). 8번의측정결과목본류와초화류의피복율은통계적유의차없이동일한것으로나타났으나, 지피식물억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디의지면피복율은통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서낮게나타났다. 2012년 7월 30일측정결과지피식물류의지면피복율은통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고한국잔디가배합된처리구에서가장낮게나타났는데, 이는한국잔디가배합된처리구의경우다른처리구의지피식물억새, 수크령, 톨훼스큐에비해발아세가늦은데기인된결과로판단된다. 8 월 29일측정결과에서도통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났으나, 7월 30일측정결과와다르게톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서피복율이가장낮게나타났다. 이는톨훼스큐가배합된처리구의경우여름철병해와하고현상에의한식물고사가발생하여나타난것으로, 톨훼스큐는발아세가빨라조기녹화에는유리하지만, 여름철하고현상이큰것이단점으로제시되고있다 (Shim et al., 2004). 일반적으로한지형잔디의봄파종적기는 3월~4월이적합한데 (Moon et al. 1998), 본실험에서실험구를조성한시기가 6월말로 7월에발아한어린상태의식물이고사한데기인된결과로판단되며, 6월말경에비탈면녹화공사를할경우톨훼스큐파종량에대한주의가요구된다. 이와같은결과는 9월 28일과 10월 30 일측정결과에서도계속해서이어졌다. 2013년 5월 4일측정결과에서도전년도 10월 30일측정결과와동일하게수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높은피복율이나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮은피복율이나타났다. 이는본실험지의공시토양이마사토질로마사토비탈면에서는한지형잔디류의생육이극히불량하다는연구결과를뒷받침하고있 다 (Kim et al., 2001). 6월 15일측정결과에서도통계적유의차를보이며전월과동일한피복율순으로나타났으나, 전월과비교하여모든처리구에서피복율이낮아졌는데, 이는목본류와초화류의식물생육이활발하게진행되면서지피식물이피압된데기인된결과로판단된다. 2013 년 7월 29일과 9월 16일측정결과에서도이와같은결과는이어졌으며, 특히한국잔디가배합된처리구에서피복율이낮아졌는데, 이는식물특성의차이로목본류와초화류의생육이왕성하게진행되면서측면전개형으로자란한국잔디가피압되었기때문이다. 다시말해, 지피식물종에따른목본류와초화류의피복율은통계적유의차없이동일한것으로나타났으며, 지피식물억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디처리에의한피복율은수크령이배합된처리구에서 81.7% 로가장높게나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮은것으로나타났다. 2) 발아개체수지피식물종에따른지피식물억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디등의발아개체수를측정하였으며그결과는다음과같다 (Table 3). 8번의측정결과발아개체수는수크령이가장많았고톨훼스큐가가장적었는데이는파종한톨훼스큐가여름철병해및하고현상에의해모두고사하였기때문으로판단된다. 2012년 7월 30일측정결과통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높았고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮았다. 톨훼스큐는발아세가빨라조기녹화에유리한것으로연구되었지만 (Shim et al., 2004), 본실험의경우조성시기가 6월말로톨훼스큐의파종시기가적정하지않은데기인된결과로판단된다. 이는한지형잔디는자생초본류보다파종가능기간의폭이넓은편이나여름철인 6월파종에서는발아율이저조하게나타나는연구결
103 Table 3. The number of germinating ground cover plants affected by different seeding amount of ground cover plants. Seeding amount of roung cover plants z 7/30 8/29 2012 2013 9/28 Treatment1 147.3a y 33.0b 27.7b 23.3ab 17.3b 16.0b 16.0b 16.0b Treatment2 86.0b 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 0.0d 0.0d 0.0c 0.0c Treatment3 176.7a 46.0a 36.3a 28.0a 27.0a 25.7a 25.7a 25.7a Treatment4 54.7b 32.3b 27.3b 20.0b 8.7c 7.7c 3.7c 2.3c LSD(0.05) 42.6 9.5 4.5 5.8 4.2 4.8 4.2 4.0 z Treatment1 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment2 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Festuca arundinacea: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment3 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment4 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Zoysia japonica: 10.0g/m 2 ). y values with the same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05 level by LSD-test. 10/30 5/4 6/15 7/29 9/16 Table 4. Plant height affected by different seeding amount of ground cover plants. Seeding amount of roung cover plants z W y 2012 2013 7/30 8/29 9/28 10/30 6/15 9/16 W W Treatment1 8.6 x 5.8 9.9b 16.2 14.2 25.1b 26.2 18.1 25.4b 25.3 17.7 22.9b 44.8 37.9 29.9a 60.8 49.2 41.9a Treatment2 7.0 5.2 11.1b 14.6 13.7 0.0c 22.8 15.8 0.0c 22.0 15.4 0.0c 43.6 43.0 0.0b 58.3 56.8 0.0b Treatment3 7.4 6.2 19.6a 16.1 15.2 32.7a 24.8 18.9 34.2a 22.0 18.4 32.7a 45.7 46.3 32.7a 62.3 57.8 44.3a Treatment4 7.7 5.8 2.1c 15.4 14.8 1.0c 26.3 17.3 1.1c 25.1 16.2 0.3c 50.3 39.5 1.2b 63.0 54.2 2.7b LSD (0.05) S S 4.1 S S 4.6 S S 5.4 S S 4.7 S S 9.8 S S 10.6 z Treatment1 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment2 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Festuca arundinacea: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment3 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment4 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Zoysia japonica: 10.0g/m 2 ). y W: Woody plants, : ative herbaceous plants, : round Cover Plants. x values with the same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05 level by LSD-test. S: statistically not significant. W W W 과와일치한다 (Kim, 1997a). 8월 29일측정결과모든실험구에서전측정결과보다발아개체수가감소하였으며, 특히톨훼스큐가배합된처리구는발아개체수가전혀나타나지않았는데, 이는톨훼스큐가배합된처리구의경우발아한톨 훼스큐가하고현상으로인해모두고사한데기인된결과로판단된다. 또한, 2012년 8월부터 10월까지모든실험구에서발아개체수가감소하였는데, 이는식물종간경쟁에의한피해및온도, 강우 (http://www.kma.go.kr) 등의환경영
104 조성록 김재환 심상렬 향이크게미친것으로판단된다. 2013년 5월 4일측정결과통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮게나타나는등전년도결과와동일한순위가나타났으나, 모든실험구에서발아개체수는감소하였으며, 6월에도이와같은결과는이어졌다. 2013년 7월과 9월측정결과억새가배합된처리구와수크령이배합된처리구의지피식물은발아개체수가유지된반면한국잔디가배합된처리구는계속해서감소하였는데, 이는목본류및초화류가생장하면서초장이 (Table 4) 낮고그늘에약한한국잔디가피압된데기인된결과로판단된다. 이런결과로미루어보아비탈면녹화용지피식물로수크령의활용가치가클것으로판단되며, 파종시기에따라지피식물의파종량및식물선택에도주의가요구된다. 3) 초장 / 수고지피식물종에따른초장과수고를측정하였으며그결과는다음과같다 (Table 4). 목본류와초화류의경우 6번의측정결과실험구간통계적유의차없이동일하게나타났으며, 2012년 7 월부터 9월까지모든실험구에서수고및초장이높아졌으나, 10월 30일측정결과모든실험구에서전측정보다낮아졌는데, 이는식물특성상가을로접어들면서낙엽이지는등식물휴면에의한결과로판단된다. 이듬해 2013년 6월측정결과식물생육이원활해지면서목본류와초화류의수고및초장은높아졌으며, 이러한결과는 2013년 9월측정결과에서도이어졌다. 1 년이지난 9월 16일측정결과목본류의경우수고평균값최저 58.3cm, 최고 63.0cm로나타났으며, 초화류의경우초장평균값최저 49.2cm, 최고 57.8cm로나타났다. 목본류는낭아초가수고에가장큰영향을미쳤으며, 초화류는쑥부쟁이, 대금계국등이가장큰영향을미쳤다. 지피식물종의경우 6번의측정결과통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구와한국잔디가배합된처리구에서낮게나타났다. 2012년 7월 30일측정결과수크령이배합된처리구, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구, 억새가배합된처리구, 한국잔디가배합된처리구순으로높게나타났으며, 8월 29일측정결과톨훼스큐가배합된처리구, 한국잔디가배합된처리구, 억새가배합된처리구, 수크령이배합된처리구순으로낮게나타났다. 이는톨훼스큐가배합된처리구의경우 7월발아한톨훼스큐가하고현상에의해모두고사한데기인된결과이며, 한국잔디가배합된처리구의경우식물특성상직립형보다측면전개형으로자라는습성때문에수크령이배합된처리구와억새가배합된처리구보다낮게나타난것으로판단된다. 이와같은결과는 2013년 9월 16일측정결과에서도이어졌으며, 수크령 44.3cm, 억새 41.9cm 등으로목본류의최고평균값과비교하여큰차이가나지않았다. 일반적으로억새의초장은 100 200cm로수크령의 30 80cm 보다큰것으로보고되었으나 (Cho, 2014), 본실험에서는수크령의초장이억새보다긴것으로나타났는데, 이는수크령의종간경쟁력이억새보다큰데기인된결과로판단된다. 이와같은결과로미루어보아, 수크령과억새의경우초장이짧은톨훼스큐와한국잔디에비해목본류와초화류의경쟁에서살아남을가능성이클것으로판단된다. 4) 시각적평가지피식물종에따른시각적품질평가를실시하였으며, 그결과는다음과같다 (Table 5). 8번의측정결과대체로수크령이배합된처리구에서높은시각적품질평가가나타났고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서낮게나타났다. 이는톨훼스큐의고사로인한종다양성감소와지면피
105 Table 5. Visual quality affected by different seeding amount of ground cover plants. Seeding amount of 2012 2013 roung cover plants z 7/30 8/29 9/28 10/30 5/4 6/15 7/29 9/16 Treatment1 3.3b y 5.6ab 5.7 5.2a 5.4 6.9ab 8.1b 8.3bc Treatment2 3.3b 3.9b 5.0 4.8b 5.1 6.7b 7.9b 8.0c Treatment3 5.0a 6.1a 6.0 5.5a 5.5 7.8a 8.4a 8.7a Treatment4 3.0b 5.7ab 5.8 5.3a 5.5 7.7a 8.3a 8.5ab LSD(0.05) 0.8 1.8 S 0.7 S 0.9 0.2 0.3 z Treatment1 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment2 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Festuca arundinacea: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment3 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides: 10.0g/m 2 ). Treatment4 : Woody plants(7.5g/m 2 )+ative herbaceous plants(7.5g/m 2 )+round Cover Plants(Zoysia japonica: 10.0g/m 2 ). y values with the same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05 level by LSD-test. S: statistically not significant. 복율 (Table 2) 에의한영향이컸기때문이다. 2012년 7월과 8월측정결과통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서높게나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서낮게나타났는데, 이는톨훼스큐가배합된처리구의경우파종한톨훼스큐가모두고사하여종다양성이낮아지고피복율이낮아진데기인된결과로판단된다. 2012년 9월측정결과통계적유의차없이모든실험구에서동일하게나타났으며, 10월 30일측정결과모든실험구에서전측정결과보다시각적품질평가가낮아졌는데, 이는식물특성상늦가을로접어들면서식물황변화가일어나평가에영향을크게미친데기인된결과로판단된다. 2013년 5월측정결과모든실험구에서통계적유의차없이동일한수준으로나타났으며, 봄철식물생육이시작되면서 2012년 10월측정결과보다시각적평가점수가조금높아졌다. 6월 15일부터 9월 16일까지 3번의측정결과통계적유의차를보이며수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높았고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서낮게나타났지만, 가장낮은톨훼스큐처리구 의시각적품질평가도 8.0점으로 ( 최고 : 9점 ) 높게나타나는등시간이지나면서시각적품질은지피식물류에따른영향보다초화류및목본류의생육에의한영향이큰것으로나타났다. 이런결과로미루어보아초기녹화에는발아세가빠른지피식물이시각적품질평가에영향을주지만, 시간이지나면서초화류및목본류의생장이시각적품질평가에큰영향을미치는것을알수있었으며, 비탈면녹화의초기녹화품질을높이기위해서는지피식물이필요하고지속적인녹화품질을유지하기위해목본류와초화류에의한녹화가이어져야할것이다. IV. 결론본연구는훼손비탈면에서지피식물류의혼파처리에따른비탈면녹화특성을알아보고자목본류와초화류의파종량은동일하게처리한후지피식물류억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디등 4가지로구분하여실험구를조성하였으며그결과는다음과같다.
106 조성록 김재환 심상렬 1. 지피식물류의지면피복율은수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고, 톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮았으며, 목본류와초화류의지면피복율은실험구간차이없이동일하게나타나, 지피식물류에따른영향이크지않은것을알수있었다. 전체지면피복율은수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고, 녹화초기에는지피식물중수크령이배합된처리구에서가장큰효과가있는것으로나타났다. 2. 지피식물류억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디의발아개체수는수크령을배합한처리구에서가장높게나타났고톨훼스큐를배합한처리구에서가장낮게나타났다. 6월파종한톨훼스큐의경우여름철하고현상에의해모두고사한것으로파종시기에따른파종량의주의가요구되며, 한국잔디는파종당해년도에는생육이원활하게유지되었으나, 초화류및목본류가생장하면서피압되는것으로나타났다. 3. 초화류와목본류는실험구간초장 ( 수고 ) 의차이가나타나지않았으며, 지피식물류는수크령이배합된처리구에서가장길었고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장짧게나타났다. 수크령과억새는초화류및목본류에의한피압이적은것으로나타난반면한국잔디는식물생장이저해되는것으로나타났다. 4. 시각적품질평가는수크령이배합된처리구에서가장높게나타났고톨훼스큐가배합된처리구에서가장낮았다. 특히, 초기에는지피식물억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디가배합된처리구에따라시각적품질차이가발생하였으나, 초화류및목본류가생장하면서지피식물에의한시각적차이는크지않았고초화류와목본류에의한영향이크게미쳤다. 본연구실험은깍기비탈면을대상으로현장에서시행하는기계적시공에의한공사가아니라인위적으로실험구를조성하여얻은결과물로실제현장결과와다른결과가도출될수있 다. 또한, 실험비탈면은파종시기가 6월말로국한되어있으며, 토사비탈면으로성토사및암비탈면과다른환경조건을지니고있는등토질의물리성과현장여건, 식물재료및녹화공법등에따라다른결과가나타날수있는한계를내포하고있다. 앞으로본연구가훼손비탈면의지피식물을이용한보편화된자료가되기위해서는비탈면토질유형및파종시기의세분화에따른녹화실험이후속연구로진행되어야하며, 현장적용을통한결과물을도출해야할것이다. References Anderson, R. C. 1996. The role of research in ecosystem restoration. Ecosystem Restoration Workshopbor. Ann Arbor, Michigan: School of atural Resourcess and Environment, University of Michigan. pp. 1-23. Anonymous. 1964. Rules for testing seeds. pro-ceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts 54(2): 1-112. Cho S. 2014. A Effect of the Mixed Seeding Treatment by Species of round Cover Plants on the Vegetation of a Cut-Slope. Master's thesis, raduate School, Cheongju University. Cho YH and Lee KH. 2014. ermination and Early rowth Characteristics of Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phragmites communis, and Miscanthus sinensis According to the Seeding Methods. The Korea Society For Environmental Restoration And Revegetation Technology 17(1): 163-172. http://www.kma.go.kr Jeon S and Woo BM. 1999. Optimal Amount and Mixture Ratio of Seeding of the Exotic and ative Plants for Slope Revegetation(2). The Korea Society For Environmental Restoration And Revegetation Technology 2(2):
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